2 Crônicas 23

2 Crônicas 23

SECOND CHRONICLES The Kingdom of Israel From Splendor to Disaster Splendor Disaster King Solomon of Judah 2 Chronicles 1-9 Successive Kings of Judah 2Chr 10-36 Kingdom United Kingdom Divided 2Chr 10:1-19 Rulers of the Southern Kingdom of Judah After the Split The Exile of Judah 2Chr 36:17-23 Inaugural 2Chr 1:1-17 Solomon's Temple 2Chr 2:1-7:22 Solomon's Glory 2Chr 8:1-9:31 Building of the Temple Decline & Destruction of the Temple Temple Destroyed ~40 Years ~393 Years Chart from Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Click Chart from Charles Swindoll TIMELINE OF THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL, KINGS & CHRONICLES 1107 1011 971 931 853 722 586 1Samuel 2 Samuel 1Kings 1Kings 2 Kings 31 1-4 5-10 11-20 21-24 1-11 12-22 1-17 18-25 1 Chronicles 10 1Chr 11-19 1Chr 20-29 2 Chronicles 1-9 2 Chronicles 10-20 2 Chronicles 21-36 Legend: B.C. dates at top of timeline are approximate. Note that 931BC marks the division of the Kingdom into Southern Tribes (Judah and Benjamin) and Ten Northern Tribes. To avoid confusion be aware that after the division of the Kingdom in 931BC, the Southern Kingdom is most often designated in Scripture as "Judah" and the Northern Kingdom as "Israel." Finally, note that 1 Chronicles 1-9 is not identified on the timeline because these chapters are records of genealogy. SEE ALSO: ESV chart - kings of Israel - more information ESV chart - kings of Judah - more information Another Chart with Variable Dates for Reigns of Kings 2 Chronicles 23:1 Now in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took captains of hundreds: Azariah the son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Johanan, Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, and they entered into a covenant with him. MSG In the seventh year the priest Jehoiada decided to make his move and worked out a strategy with certain influential officers in the army. He picked Azariah son of Jeroham, Ishmael son of Jehohanan, Azariah son of Obed, Maaseiah son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat son of Zicri as his associates. They dispersed throughout Judah and called in the Levites from all the towns in Judah along with the heads of families. They met in Jerusalem. The gathering met in The Temple of God. They made a covenant there in The Temple. The priest Jehoiada showed them the young prince and addressed them: “Here he is—the son of the king. He is going to rule just as God promised regarding the sons of David. Now this is what you must do: A third of you priests and Levites who come on duty on the Sabbath are to be posted as security guards at the gates; another third will guard the palace; and the other third will guard the foundation gate. All the people will gather in the courtyards of The Temple of God. No one may enter The Temple of God except the priests and designated Levites—they are permitted in because they’ve been consecrated, but all the people must do the work assigned them. The Levites are to form a ring around the young king, weapons at the ready. Kill anyone who tries to break through your ranks. Your job is to stay with the king at all times and places, coming and going.” seventh year: 2Ki 11:4-16 covenant with him: 2Ch 15:12 1Sa 18:3 Ne 9:38 CLICK 2 CHRONICLES COMMENTARIES FOR MULTIPLE SERMONS AND COMMENTARIES See BELOW FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1-2 CHRONICLES - adapted from Paul Apple's Bible Outlines NOTE: In passages which are generally parallel the text highlighted in BOLD BLUE FONT reflects text that is unique. Obviously if there is no parallel passage in the column that identifies the passage as unique for that respective book. Harmony of 2Kings 11-12 and 2Chronicles 22-24 ATHALIAH'S REIGN (2Ki 11:1-3 = 2Ch 22:10-12) 2Ki 11:1+ When Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she rose and destroyed all the royal offspring. 2Ch 22:10+ Now when Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah saw that her son was dead, she rose and destroyed all the royal offspring of the house of Judah. 2Ki 11:2+ But Jehosheba, the daughter of King Joram, sister of Ahaziah, took Joash the son of Ahaziah and stole him from among the king’s sons who were being put to death, and placed him and his nurse in the bedroom. So they hid him from Athaliah, and he was not put to death. 2Ch 22:11+ But Jehoshabeath the king’s daughter took Joash the son of Ahaziah, and stole him from among the king’s sons who were being put to death, and placed him and his nurse in the bedroom. So Jehoshabeath, the daughter of King Jehoram, the wife of Jehoiada the priest (for she was the sister of Ahaziah), hid him from Athaliah so that she would not put him to death. 2Ki 11:3+ So he was hidden with her in the house of the LORD six years, while Athaliah was reigning over the land. 2Ch 22:12+ He was hidden with them in the house of God six years while Athaliah reigned over the land. ATHALIAH'S ASSASINATION (2Ki 11:4-20 = 2Ch 23:1-21) 2Ki 11:4+ Now in the seventh year Jehoiada sent and brought the captains of hundreds of the Carites and of the guard, and brought them to him in the house of the LORD. Then he made a covenant with them and put them under oath in the house of the LORD, and showed them the king’s son. 2Ch 23:1+ Now in the seventh year Jehoiada strengthened himself, and took captains of hundreds: Azariah the son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Johanan, Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, and they entered into a covenant with him. 2Ch 23:2+ They went throughout Judah and gathered the Levites from all the cities of Judah, and the heads of the fathers’ households of Israel, and they came to Jerusalem. 2Ch 23:3+ Then all the assembly made a covenant with the king in the house of God. And Jehoiada said to them, “Behold, the king’s son shall reign, as the LORD has spoken concerning the sons of David. 2Ki 11:5+ He commanded them, saying, “This is the thing that you shall do: one third of you, who come in on the sabbath and keep watch over the king’s house 2Ch 23:4+ “This is the thing which you shall do: one third of you, of the priests and Levites who come in on the sabbath, shall be gatekeepers, 2Ki 11:6+ (one third also shall be at the gate Sur, and one third at the gate behind the guards), shall keep watch over the house for defense. 2Ch 23:5+ and one third shall be at the king’s house, and a third at the Gate of the Foundation; and all the people shall be in the courts of the house of the LORD. 2Ki 11:7+ “Two parts of you, even all who go out on the sabbath, shall also keep watch over the house of the LORD for the king. 2Ch 23:6+ “But let no one enter the house of the LORD except the priests and the ministering Levites; they may enter, for they are holy. And let all the people keep the charge of the LORD. 2Ki 11:8+ “Then you shall surround the king, each with his weapons in his hand; and whoever comes within the ranks shall be put to death. And be with the king when he goes out and when he comes in.” 2Ch 23:7+ The Levites will surround the king, each man with his weapons in his hand; and whoever enters the house, let him be killed. Thus be with the king when he comes in and when he goes out.” 2Ki 11:9+ So the captains of hundreds did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded. And each one of them took his men who were to come in on the sabbath, with those who were to go out on the sabbath, and came to Jehoiada the priest. 2Ch 23:8+ So the Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded. And each one of them took his men who were to come in on the sabbath, with those who were to go out on the sabbath, for Jehoiada the priest did not dismiss any of the divisions. 2Ki 11:10+ The priest gave to the captains of hundreds the spears and shields that had been King David’s, which were in the house of the LORD. 2Ch 23:9+ Then Jehoiada the priest gave to the captains of hundreds the spears and the large and small shields which had been King David’s, which were in the house of God. 2Ki 11:11+ The guards stood each with his weapons in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, by the altar and by the house, around the king. 2Ch 23:10+ He stationed all the people, each man with his weapon in his hand, from the right side of the house to the left side of the house, by the altar and by the house, around the king. 2Ki 11:12+ Then he brought the king’s son out and put the crown on him and gave him the testimony; and they made him king and anointed him, and they clapped their hands and said, “Long live the king!” 2Ch 23:11+ Then they brought out the king’s son and put the crown on him, and gave him the testimony and made him king. And Jehoiada and his sons anointed him and said, “Long live the king!” 2Ki 11:13+ When Athaliah heard the noise of the guard and of the people, she came to the people in the house of the LORD. 2Ch 23:12+ When Athaliah heard the noise of the people running and praising the king, she came into the house of the LORD to the people. 2Ki 11:14+ She looked and behold, the king was standing by the pillar, according to the custom, with the captains and the trumpeters beside the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced and blew trumpets. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and cried, “Treason! Treason!” 2Ch 23:13+ She looked, and behold, the king was standing by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpeters were beside the king. And all the people of the land rejoiced and blew trumpets, the singers with their musical instruments leading the praise. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and said, “Treason! Treason!” 2Ki 11:15+ And Jehoiada the priest commanded the captains of hundreds who were appointed over the army and said to them, “Bring her out between the ranks, and whoever follows her put to death with the sword.” For the priest said, “Let her not be put to death in the house of the LORD.” 2Ch 23:14+ Jehoiada the priest brought out the captains of hundreds who were appointed over the army and said to them, “Bring her out between the ranks; and whoever follows her, put to death with the sword.” For the priest said, “Let her not be put to death in the house of the LORD.” 2Ki 11:16+ So they seized her, and when she arrived at the horses’ entrance of the king’s house, she was put to death there. 2Ch 23:15+ So they seized her, and when she arrived at the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king’s house, they put her to death there. 2Ki 11:17+ Then Jehoiada made a covenant between the LORD and the king and the people, that they would be the LORD’S people, also between the king and the people. 2Ch 23:16+ Then Jehoiada made a covenant between himself and all the people and the king, that they would be the LORD’S people. 2Ki 11:18+ All the people of the land went to the house of Baal, and tore it down; his altars and his images they broke in pieces thoroughly, and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. And the priest appointed officers over the house of the LORD. 2Ch 23:17-18+ And all the people went to the house of Baal and tore it down, and they broke in pieces his altars and his images, and killed Mattan the priest of Baal before the altars. 18 Moreover, Jehoiada placed the offices of the house of the LORD under the authority of the Levitical priests, whom David had assigned over the house of the LORD, to offer the burnt offerings of the LORD, as it is written in the law of Moses–with rejoicing and singing according to the order of David. 2Ch 23:19+ He stationed the gatekeepers of the house of the LORD, so that no one would enter who was in any way unclean. 2Ki 11:19+ He took the captains of hundreds and the Carites and the guards and all the people of the land; and they brought the king down from the house of the LORD, and came by the way of the gate of the guards to the king’s house. And he sat on the throne of the kings. 2Ch 23:20+ He took the captains of hundreds, the nobles, the rulers of the people and all the people of the land, and brought the king down from the house of the LORD, and came through the upper gate to the king’s house. And they placed the king upon the royal throne. 2Ki 11:20+ So all the people of the land rejoiced and the city was quiet. For they had put Athaliah to death with the sword at the king’s house. 2Ch 23:21+ So all of the people of the land rejoiced and the city was quiet. For they had put Athaliah to death with the sword. Related Passages: 2 Kings 11:4+ Now in the seventh year Jehoiada sent and brought the captains of hundreds of the Carites and of the guard, and brought them to him in the house of the LORD. Then he made a covenant with them and put them under oath in the house of the LORD, and showed them the king’s son. JEHOIADA TAKES CHARGE IN THE SEVENTH YEAR To summarize the additional facts found in Chronicles that were omitted by the writer of Kings (See the specific verses above in bold blue and note the "+" sign links to commentary) - Jehoiada’s age and long faithfulness, Levites gathered from all Judah (not just guards in Jerusalem), the renewal of temple worship, detailed Levitical guard assignments of who guards the king, who guards the temple and who may and may not enter the house of the LORD (2 Chr 23:6–7), the destruction of Baal’s house and the renewal of God's covenant with explicit appeal to God's promise to David (2Ch 23:3). Kings records the fall of a tyrant. Chronicles records the revival of a nation. Raymond Dillard adds that "Though in Kings the emphasis is on the role played by the military in the coup (2 Kgs 11:4, “the captains of hundreds, the Carites, and the guard”), the Chronicler has underscored instead the role of the priests and Levites. The Levites had a traditional quasi-military role; in the absence of a military establishment in the post- exilic period, it is not surprising that the Chronicler should emphasize the role of cultic personnel in the coup, not to mention his own concerns with the sacrosanctity of the temple precincts. One of the difficulties in the chapter, however, is determining who did participate in the coup according to the Chronicler’s account. Did he so emphasize the role of the priests and Levites as not to mention the participation of other elements in society? The broadening circle of the conspiracy may have incorporated elements from all three sectors of society: the royal/military, cultic, and private. The leaders of the ancestral families play a role in numerous crucial moments (1 Chr 29:6; 2 Chr 1; 2; 5:2; 19:8; 35:10; cf. Ezr 8:29). (See 2 Chronicles, Volume 15 - Page 180) Now in the seventh year Jehoiada (THE PRIEST) strengthened (chazaq; LXX - kratioo - became strong) himself and (summoned his courage, boldly forming a conspiracy and) took captains of hundreds: Azariah the son of Jeroham, Ishmael the son of Johanan, Azariah the son of Obed, Maaseiah the son of Adaiah, and Elishaphat the son of Zichri, and they entered into a covenant (beriyth) with him (see 2Ki 11:4+) - Jehoiada was a wise, godly priest who held fast to God in days when others vacillated (see note below). He was married to Jehoshabeath in 2 Chr. 22:11, who helped hide Joash in the temple chambers for six years. Jehoiada (THE PRIEST) strengthened (chazaq; LXX - kratioo - became strong) himself - The question is where did this strength come from and why now in the 7th year? While I cannot be dogmatic the LXX has the verb kratioo which is used 4 times in the NT and each use is associated with supernatural power which would support the premise that the strength and timing are from the Spirit. F B