2 Crônicas 22

2 Crônicas 22

SECOND CHRONICLES The Kingdom of Israel From Splendor to Disaster Splendor Disaster King Solomon of Judah 2 Chronicles 1-9 Successive Kings of Judah 2Chr 10-36 Kingdom United Kingdom Divided 2Chr 10:1-19 Rulers of the Southern Kingdom of Judah After the Split The Exile of Judah 2Chr 36:17-23 Inaugural 2Chr 1:1-17 Solomon's Temple 2Chr 2:1-7:22 Solomon's Glory 2Chr 8:1-9:31 Building of the Temple Decline & Destruction of the Temple Temple Destroyed ~40 Years ~393 Years Chart from Jensen's Survey of the OT - used by permission Click Chart from Charles Swindoll TIMELINE OF THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL, KINGS & CHRONICLES 1107 1011 971 931 853 722 586 1Samuel 2 Samuel 1Kings 1Kings 2 Kings 31 1-4 5-10 11-20 21-24 1-11 12-22 1-17 18-25 1 Chronicles 10 1Chr 11-19 1Chr 20-29 2 Chronicles 1-9 2 Chronicles 10-20 2 Chronicles 21-36 Legend: B.C. dates at top of timeline are approximate. Note that 931BC marks the division of the Kingdom into Southern Tribes (Judah and Benjamin) and Ten Northern Tribes. To avoid confusion be aware that after the division of the Kingdom in 931BC, the Southern Kingdom is most often designated in Scripture as "Judah" and the Northern Kingdom as "Israel." Finally, note that 1 Chronicles 1-9 is not identified on the timeline because these chapters are records of genealogy. SEE ALSO: ESV chart - kings of Israel - more information ESV chart - kings of Judah - more information Another Chart with Variable Dates for Reigns of Kings 2 Chronicles 22:1 Then the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah, his youngest son, king in his place, for the band of men who came with the Arabs to the camp had slain all the older sons. So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah began to reign. the inhabitants: 2Ch 23:3 26:1 33:25 36:1 Ahaziah: 2Ch 21:17 = Jehoahaz, 2Ki 8:24-29 1Ch 3:11 slain: 2Ch 21:16-17 CLICK 2 CHRONICLES COMMENTARIES FOR MULTIPLE SERMONS AND COMMENTARIES See BELOW FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR 1-2 CHRONICLES - adapted from Paul Apple's Bible Outlines Related Passages: 2 Chronicles 21:16-17+ Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians; 17 and they came against Judah and invaded it, and carried away all the possessions found in the king’s house together with his sons and his wives, so that no son was left to him except Jehoahaz, the youngest of his sons. 2 Kings 8:24-29+ So Joram (TO AVOID CONFUSION NOTE HE IS CALLED "JEHORAM" 6X IN 2Ch 21:1-16) slept with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of David; and Ahaziah his son became king in his place. 25 In the twelfth year of Joram the son of Ahab king of Israel, Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah began to reign. 26 Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Athaliah the granddaughter of Omri king of Israel. 27 He walked in the way of the house of Ahab and did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab had done, because he was a son-in-law of the house of Ahab. 28 Then he went with Joram the son of Ahab to war against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram. 29 So King Joram returned to be healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel because he was sick. A CRISIS OF SUCCESSION Duguid: The future of the Davidic throne seemed precarious: the crisis that had brought Ahaziah to the throne is highlighted by repetition of the circumstances that led to only the “youngest son” surviving (2 Chron. 22:1). Further, his reign was brief (2Ch 22:2), and the Chronicler emphasizes that “he also” followed the “ways of the house of Ahab” (2Ch 22:3). Policies leading to disaster continued. By the end of the chapter a glimmer of hope is expressed in the contrast between a very young royal child “hidden in the house of God” and a cruel, idolatrous daughter of Ahab, Athaliah, “reign[ing] over the land” (2Ch 22:12). Human plans and actions are evident throughout, but central in the chapter are references to God’s activity (2Ch 22:7). Andrew Hill: The Chronicler hurries to tell the story of Jehoram’s son Ahaziah. His version abridges the fifty-six verses of 2 Kings 8:25 – 10:14 in just nine verses. The broad relationship of the two accounts may be represented as follows: 2 Chron. 22:1-6 = 2 Kings 8:25-29 2 Chron. 22:7 = 2 Kings 9:21 2 Chron. 22:8 = 2 Kings 10:13-14 2 Chron. 22:9 = 2 Kings 9:28 The account of King Ahaziah’s reign consists of three brief reports: - The regnal resume and theological review (2Ch 22:1-4), - The alliance with Joram of Israel (2Ch 22:5-6a), and - The death report (2Ch 22:6b-9). The one-year reign of Ahaziah is dated anywhere from 845-841 B.C., depending on the source. His brief tenure in the royal office is best placed in 842 or 841 B.C. (The NIV Application Commentary – 1 & 2 Chronicles.) August Konkel: The decimation of the royal household of Jehoram left Judah and Jerusalem in the precarious situation of disorderly succession. It left the territory in substantial control of the queen mother. She held the position of sovereign, an exalted ceremonial position with considerable influence on matters of state. Athaliah was the mirror image of Jezebel, wife of Ahab. Athaliah is said to be a daughter of Omri in the MT of 2 Kings 8:26 and 2 Chronicles 22:2, though she is a daughter of Ahab according to 2 Kings 8:18 and 2 Chronicles 21:6. The apparent discrepancy is easily resolved if she was the granddaughter of Omri: the Hebrew term for “daughter” can also mean “granddaughter.” The inhabitants of Jerusalem installed the remaining son of the royal family as king. These may be the equivalent of the people of the land who participated in the installation of a king in times of dynastic crisis (2 Chron 23:20-21; 26:21; 33:25; 36:1). They must be associated with landed aristocracy or officials within civil service. Perhaps in the immediate crisis the decision was made by leaders in Jerusalem without further consultation. (Multipart Video Series on 1-2 Chronicles) J. Barton Payne: These verses furnish a historical demonstration of how, in God’s providence, the results of a sin may bring about that very sin’s punishment. In the case of Ahaziah it was the evil alliance of Judah with Israel that brought about the king’s death (vv. 4, 7), after a reign of only a few months. Then the inhabitants of Jerusalem made Ahaziah (aka Jehoahaz), his youngest son, king in his place, Note that the initiative comes from the people of Jerusalem, not from a smooth dynastic transfer. This signals that there is a crisis of succession because of a sudden vacuum of royal heirs and thus they made a hurried, defensive decision to preserve the Davidic throne. Ahaziah reigns because everyone older is dead. His kingship is born not from preparation, but from catastrophe. This underscores how far Judah has drifted from orderly, God-honoring leadership. All older sons are killed so that the Davidic line is reduced to one fragile thread and yet God does not allow it to be extinguished. Ahaziah survives—not because of merit, but because God’s covenant with David still stands (2 Sam 7). Judgment is severe, but not annihilating because God is always faithful to keep His covenant promises! God disciplined Judah harshly, yet kept His redemptive promise of the Messiah coming through the line of David. Ahaziah can be very confusing because he was the nephew of a man by the same name, King Ahaziah of the Northern Kingdom (see description of these two kings below) and he was also the grandson of Ahab. Not surprisingly he followed Ahab's wicked ways as 2Ki 8:27 explains recording that Ahaziah "did evil in the sight of the LORD, like the house of Ahab had done, because he was a son-in-law of the house of Ahab." To add to the confusion, King Ahaziah of Judah is called Jehoahaz in 2Ch 21:17. Now are you really confused? For (term of explanation) the band of men who came with the Arabs to the camp had slain all the older sons - These raiders (cf. 2 Chr 21:16–17+) were instruments of divine discipline who struck the royal household directly fulfilling Elijah’s prophecy against Jehoram (2 Chr 21:12–15+). The TAKEAWAY is that God allows external enemies to do what internal repentance refused to prevent (BTW - This principle is still in force beloved!) As an aside these older brothers are never named. Note also 2 Chr 21:17+ says they were carried away by the Arabs, but in conjunction with the present verse, clearly the Arabs put them to death. John Walton - raiders with Arabs. The raiders mentioned as having come with the Arabs are likely related to those mentioned in 2 Chronicles 21. Thus they may have been Philistines and other diverse groups who sought to capitalize on the weakness of the Judahite monarchy. They certainly concluded that Judah was weaker without the Davidic dynastic line in power. (IVP Background Commentary - OT - page 443) Raymond Dillard: The “marauders who had come with the Arabs” would have included the Philistines (2Ch 21:16–17). The Chronicler’s mention of their attack reiterates his convictions regarding retributive justice: Jehoram, the king who had slain all his brothers, lived to witness the death of his own sons (2Ch 21:4, 13, 16–17). (BORROW 2 Chronicles) J.A. Thompson: The raiders who came with the Arabs into the camp represented an invasion that may not have been great and probably included the Philistines (2Ch 21:16-17). This raid was for the Chronicler further evidence of God’s retributive justice. Jehoram, who killed all his brother, lived to witness the death of his own sons (2Ch 21:4, 13, 16-17). (See 1, 2 Chronicles: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition) So Ahaziah the son of Jehoram (AKA "JORAM") king of Judah began to reign - Though preserved, Ahaziah’s reign is deeply compromised because his father Jehoram had walked in the ways of Ahab (his sin cost him every older son), his mother Athaliah was tied to Ahab and thus he inherited a throne already poisoned by spiritual compromise. God had preserved the throne, but not the quality of the king. Preservation of lineage does not guarantee faithfulness of leadership. Norman Geisler - When Critics Ask - 2 Ch 22:1—Were Jehoram’s sons taken captive or were they killed? PROBLEM: According to 2 Chronicles 21:16–17, Jehoram’s sons were only taken captive by the Philistines and the Arabians. By contrast, this passage says they “killed all the older sons.” SOLUTION: There is no contradiction here for two reasons. First, it was only the “older” sons who were killed, not all of them. The others could have been taken captive. Second, they could have first taken them captive and then afterward killed them. QUESTION - Who was King Ahaziah in the Bible? ANSWER - There are two kings named Ahaziah in the Bible; one ruled in the northern kingdom of Israel and the other in the southern kingdom of Judah. In a long line of righteous and unrighteous kings that ruled in the northern and southern kingdoms, these men were both evil kings. AHAZIAH OF ISRAEL Ahaziah of Israel was king from 853—852 BC. He was the son of Ahab and Jezebel, who were among the most wicked rulers Israel ever had. Ahaziah’s parents brought Baal worship into the land and turned God’s people away from Him; although Ahaziah reigned for only two years, he was just as evil as his parents. He “aroused the anger of the LORD” (1 Kings 22:53) due to his own worship of Baal, which continued to lead the people into sin and idolatry. At one point King Ahaziah of Israel tried to ally with King Jehoshaphat of Judah, but, after a warning from one of God’s prophets, Jehoshaphat severed ties with the wicked king (verse 49; cf. 2 Chronicles 20:37). At some point during his reign, King Ahaziah of Israel fell out of a window, injuring himself badly. He was confined to bed, and, rather than inquire of the Lord, Ahaziah sent messengers to inquire of Baal-Zebub, the “god” of Ekron, to see if he would recover (2 Kings 1:2). The Lord sent His prophet, Elijah, to confront the messengers and give them God’s message for King Ahaziah: he would never recover from his injuries and would die in his bed. When the messengers returned to King Ahaziah and relayed what Elijah had told them, Ahaziah was angry and sent his captain and 50 soldiers to fetch Elijah. The captain demanded that Elijah come down from the hill he was sitting on, but the prophet refused; instead, he announced, “May fire come down from heaven and consume you and your fifty men!” (2 Kings 1:10). The Lord allowed this miracle, and all King Ahaziah’s men were consumed by fire. Ahaziah sent men to Elijah twice more. In the second instance, the same thing happened as in the first: Elijah called down fire to kill the soldiers. However, the third captain begged for his life, and the Lord spared the company. Elijah came to the king. God’s Word had not changed: Elijah repeated God’s message of judgment directly to Ahaziah, and soon Ahaziah died. As Ahaziah had no sons, he was succeeded by his brother Joram, who was also a sinful ruler—although not as evil as his brother and parents before him (verse 17). AHAZIAH OF JUDAH The other Ahaziah, King Ahaziah of Judah (who is also called “Jehoahaz” in some translations), was the nephew of King Ahaziah of Israel and the son of Jehoram, the evil son of the righteous king Jehoshaphat. Judah’s King Ahaziah was related to King Ahaziah of Israel through his mother, Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel. Ahaziah of Judah walked in the ways of his father, and because of this the Lord allowed him to reign less than one year in 841 BC. He was only 22 years old (2 Kings 8:26–27). King Ahaziah immediately allied with his other uncle, King Joram, in a war against the king of Aram. King Joram was wounded and went to Jezreel to rest (2 Kings 8:28–29), and Ahaziah of Judah joined him there. During this time, a man named Jehu was anointed by the Lord as king of Israel with the command to destroy the house of Ahab (see 2 Kings 9:1–10). Jehu knew King Joram of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah were in Jezreel, and so he rode to that city (verse 16). When King Joram and King Ahaziah went down to meet Jehu, Joram guessed Jehu’s plan and tried to flee (2Ki 8:23). Jehu, however, shot Joram with an arrow and killed him instantly (2Ki 8:24). Ahaziah tried to run as well, but Jehu’s company pursued him, mortally wounding him. Ahaziah made it to Megiddo but died there (2Ki 8:27). Jehu continued his campaign, killing Jezebel and eventually destroying all of Ahab’s family. Not only are the stories of King Ahaziah of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah a part of the history of the Jewish people, they are also a cautionary tale of the consequences of leading God’s people away from the Lord. Both the northern and southern kingdoms were eventually destroyed as a result of God’s judgment for their evil ways. While a remnant that spent 70 years in captivity was eventually able to return to Judah, the kingdom was never the same again. GotQuestions.org 2 Chronicles 22:2 Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king, and he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Athaliah, the granddaughter of Omri. twenty-two years old: 2Ki 8:26 Athaliah: 2Ch 21:6 1Ki 16:28 AHAZIAH REIGNED ONLY ONE YEAR Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king - Be aware that the KJV rendering says Ahaziah was 42 years old (2Ch 22:2KJV), but the correct reading in 2Ki 8:26 is "Ahaziah was twenty-two years old when he became king." (See explanation below) And he reigned one year in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Athaliah, the granddaughter of Omri - There was no one from his father’s side of the family to counsel him. His only influence was Athaliah who was the daughter of wicked Ahab (2 Chronicles 21:6) who in turn was the son of wicked Omri. You have heard the phrase "the gift that keeps on giving." Well, in this case we see some of the rotten fruit being reaped as consequence of the seed sown years before when King Jehoshaphat made a disastrous alliance with wicked King Ahab (2Ch 18:1). Oil and water do not mix, and neither does good and evil! THOUGHT - Be careful with whom you make close alliances, for your offspring may become beneficiaries of the "gift that keeps on giving" if it is a wicked, ungodly alliance! Duguid: The role of queen mother was significant, although ill-defined. In this case she acted as “counselor” alongside others from the northern house, a major function in the court (cf. Ahithophel; 1 Chron. 27:33). Ahaziah was surrounded by people who would ensure that he followed the “ways of the house of Ahab” and that he supported his uncle Jehoram, son of Ahab, in seeking to regain a key city. Matthew