Salmos 62
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Salmos 62:1-2
62:1-2 This strophe describes the God for whom the psalmist "waits" (notice, in italics) in silence (notice how Ps. 62:1-2 is almost the same as Ps. 62:5-6). He waits patiently for God to act on his behalf (cf. Ps. 131:2; see SPECIAL TOPIC: SALVATION [OT]). from God is his salvation (BDB 447), Ps. 62:1 God only is his rock (BDB 849), Ps. 62:2,6, see note at Ps. 61:2 God only is his salvation, Ps. 62:2,6 God is his stronghold, Ps. 62:2 Because of this God, he shall not be shaken (BDB 556, KB 555, Niphal IMPERFECT, cf. Ps. 62:6). The phrase in Ps. 62:2 is repeated in 62:6, but 62:2 has added the term "greatly." The TEV, NRSV, and JPSOA translate it as "never." 62:1 "soul" This is nephesh (BDB 659) which denotes the whole person. See notes at Ps. 13:2; 16:9; and Gen. 35:18 online. SPECIAL TOPIC: NEPHESH ▣ "only" This ADVERB (BDB 36) appears first in the MT in Ps. 62:1,2,4,5,6,10 for emphasis and a literary way to tie the Psalm together. There is a faithful lifestyle and a sinful lifestyle (cf. Ps. 62:4,9). The JPSOA translates it as "truly." NKJV translates only the first occurrence as "truly."
Salmos 62:3-4
62:3-4 This strophe describes the faithless adversaries. they assail (lit. shout at) ‒ BDB 223, KB 243, Polel IMPERFECT, PLURAL; this VERB is found only here in the OT and the meaning is derived from an Arabic root they attempt to murder (lit. scatter) ‒ BDB 953, KB 1283, Pual IMPERFECT; NET Bible thinks the VERB should be Piel, "all of you are murderers" (p. 927) they are like (several English translations wrongly have Ps. 62:3c refer to the psalmist; NRSV, TEV, NJB, JPSOA, REB) a leaning wall ‒ BDB 639, KB 692, Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE a tottering fence ‒ BDB 190, KB 218, Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE they counsel (BDB 419, KB 421, Qal PERFECT) only to thrust another down from his high position ‒ BDB 632, KB 673, Hiphil INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT they delight in falsehood ‒ BDB 953, KB 1280, Qal IMPERFECT they bless (BDB 138, KB 159, Piel IMPERFECT) with their mouth but inwardly curse ‒ BDB 886, KB 1103, Piel IMPERFECT; one wonders if James 3:10 comes from this Psalm By their fruits (Matt. 7:16-20) and words (Matt. 12:34-37) you shall know them. 62:4 "Selah" See Introduction to the Psalms, VII, B. #1.
Salmos 62:5-8
62:5-8 Psalm 62:5 and 6 are almost exactly like Ps. 62:1-2. The psalmist describes his actions as a faithful follower as compared to the faithless followers. he rests in God's salvation and glory ("honor," BDB 458) he rests (assumed) on God as his rock and strength he makes God his refuge (see SPECIAL TOPIC: REFUGE) Psalm 62:8 changes from an individual focus to a corporate focus (several English translations make it a separate strophe). It starts out with two IMPERATIVES addressing the community of faithful followers. trust in Him at all times ‒ BDB 105, KB 120, Qal IMPERATIVE, cf. Ps. 37:3,5; 52:8; Isa. 26:4. The hard part is the phrase, "at all times," but it is the key to real peace and confidence (cf. Ps. 34:1). pour out your heart before Him ‒ BDB 1049, KB 1629, Qal IMPERATIVE, cf. 1 Sam.1:15; Lam. 2:19 (i.e., be honest about your feelings and problems when praying to God; this is quite different from "silence" of Ps. 62:1 and 5. Psalm 62:1 and 5 are waiting for God to act after prayer and Ps. 62:8 is a call to prayer.) God is our refuge ‒ God is not only the individual's source/place of safety, He is the community of faith's source/place of safety! ▣ "Selah" See note at Ps. 3:2; also Intro. to Psalms, VII. B. #1 62:5 "for God" In Ps. 62:1 this translation is accurate but here there is an added initial lamed (not a PREPOSITION), which is emphatic, "God Himself." ▣ The IMPERATIVE of "be silent" (BDB 198, KB 226, Qal IMPERATIVE) is used here where the NOUN (BDB 189) is used in Ps. 62:1.
Salmos 62:9-10
62:9-10 This strophe addresses all humans from different levels of society (i.e., low degree. . .rank). Without faith/trust in God they are vanity (BDB 210 I) and lies (BDB 469). The MT has "sons of men" twice. The translations get "low degree" and "rank" from a similar phrase in Ps. 49:2. The JPSOA has "Men are mere breath; mortals (BDB 35), illusion," which rejects the link to Ps. 49:2 as a parallel and interpret the "sons of Adam" (BDB 9) and "sons of Ish" as parallel and referring to all humans. To me it does seem that Ps. 62:10 refers to the exploitation of the poor and powerless by the socially elite of Israel, and Psalm 49 would be a good parallel. The second statement uses the imagery of commercial scales. In Hebrew that which is heavy is honorable/valuable; that which is light (i.e., breath, BDB 210 I used twice) is dishonorable. Psalm 62:10 has three JUSSIVES admonishing the faithless followers. do not trust in oppression ‒ BDB 105, KB 120, Qal IMPERFECT NEGATED used in a JUSSIVE sense do not vainly hope in robbery ‒ BDB 211, KB 236, Qal IMPERFECT NEGATED used in a JUSSIVE sense do not set your heart on increasing wealth ‒ BDB 1011, KB 1483, Qal IMPERFECT NEGATED used in a JUSSIVE sense Based on this strophe and Ps. 62:4, the people being addressed are members of Israel's elite class (i.e., civil, military, commerce). 62:9 "vanity. . .breath" These are both translations of the Hebrew term (BDB 210 I). This is one of two key terms in Ecclesiastes. See my notes on the word at Eccl. 1:2 online at www.freebiblecommentary.org. ▣ "In the balances they go up" This is imagery from the marketplace (i.e., the use of measuring scales). The last of the phrase, "go up," means that they are worthless (i.e., light as opposed to heavy/valuable). This imagery of scales as denoting judgment was common in the ANE. One good example is the Egyptian Book of the Dead.
Salmos 62:11-12
62:11-12 This last strophe addresses the theological issue of how it is that the unrighteous prosper (cf. Job; Psalms 37 and 73). The Mosaic law attributed wealth, health, and success to covenant obedience (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30). This is the "two ways" (cf. Psalm 1; Deut. 30:15,19) which also asserts the same. However, in reality, often the wealthy are exploitative, greedy, ruthless, devious manipulators who embody the essence of the Fall: more and more for me at any cost! We live in an unfair world. God has promised to set it straight. There is a judgment day. One day we will reap what we have sown (cf. Job 34:11; Ps. 28:4; Proverbs 24:12; Eccl. 12:14; Jer. 17:10; 32:19; Matt. 16:27; 25:31-46; Rom. 2:6; 14:12; 1 Cor. 3:8; 2 Cor. 5:10; Gal. 6:7-10; 2 Tim. 4:14; 1 Pet. 1:17; Rev. 2:23; 20:12; 22:12)! A book that has helped me in this area is Hannah Whithall Smith's The Christian's Secret of a Happy Life. 62:11 This is an idiom for a well known, often expressed, truth in three parts (i.e., power, covenant loyalty, and recompense). Because of the Fall, some humans will experience YHWH's power; some His lovingkindness! Our actions show who our Father is!