Jeremias 47
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Jeremias 47:1
47:1 This first verse dates the prophecy (i.e. "before Pharaoh conquered Gaza"). There are several other places where the destruction of Philistia is prophesied (cf. Isa. 14:29-31; Ezek. 25:15-17; Joel 3:4-8; Amos 1:6-8; Zeph. 2:4-7; Zech 9:5-7). Herodotus (Hist. II, 159) mentions that Pharaoh Necho II conquered a Philistine city (i.e. Gaza) about 609 B.C. This would link up with his replacing Josiah's heir (Jehoahaz) with another puppet king (Jehoiakim), also in 609 B.C. The problem with this date is that Nebuchadnezzar II did not invade until 601 B.C. The Expositors Bible Commentary, vol. 6, p. 655, lists three possible dates for the invasion of Neo-Babylon (if the MT is correct). 609 B.C. ‒ same time as the death of Josiah by Necho II 604 B.C. ‒ after the defeat of the Egyptian army at Carchemish still later in the reign of Pharaoh Hophra (or Apries, 588-569 B.C.), when he invaded Phoenicia and Philistia, which were on the way (i.e. southern coast) SPECIAL TOPIC: KINGS OF THE DIVIDED MONARCHY
Jeremias 47:2-7
47:2 "waters. . .from the north" The invasion of Neo-Babylon into Palestine has been characterized by several images. overflowing boiling pot pouring south (cf. Jer. 1:13-14) biting fly from the north (cf. Jer. 46:20) here as a flooding river (Egypt is often described as the flooding Nile) The imagery of an invading nation as an overflowing river is common in the OT. Assyria ‒ Isa. 8:8-9 Egypt ‒ Jer. 46:7-8; Amos 8:8; 9:5 47:2e-3 This describes the actions of the Philistines. the men cry out, Jer. 47:2e every inhabitant of the land will wail, Jer. 47:2f fathers have not turned back for their children, Jer. 47:3c their hands are limp, Jer. 47:3d What has terrified them? the noise of the galloping hooves of his stallions, Jer. 47:3a the tumult of his chariots, Jer. 47:3b 47:4 All of the small nations on the Mediterranean coast (the only possible land route from Mesopotamia to Egypt because of the desert in between) will be invaded and defeated. ▣ "The remnant of the coastland of Caphtor" The Philistines were from Caphtor (cf. Deut. 2:23; Amos 9:7). However, "Caphtor" here may be a reference to all the islands of the eastern Mediterranean a region of northern Egypt the island of Crete (best guess) less likely, but possibly, the island of Cyprus 47:5 There were five independent city-states which made up Philistia (i.e. same political structure as Greece). Gaza Ashkelon Ashdad Gath Ekron ▣ NASB, NKJV, JPSOA "O remnant of their valley" "O remnant of their power" "you who remain in the valley" LXX, RSV "the remaining Enakim" (i.e. "Anakites," cf. Josh. 11:22) REB, NET "the remnant of the Philistine power" The NASB reflects the MT. The NRSV and REB assume a different root found in Ugaritic (AB, p. 310). The REB assumes that Ashkelon was the only remaining undefeated Philistine city-state. The LXX is an emendation about the giants found at Gaza, Gath, and Ashdad in Josh. 11:22. The UBS Text Project, p. 296, gives "of the Anakim" a "C" rating (considerable doubt). SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS USED FOR TALL/POWERFUL WARRIORS OR PEOPLE GROUPS ▣ "gash yourself" This was part of their idol worship (see SPECIAL TOPIC: FERTILITY WORSHIP OF THE ANE) their mourning rites (see SPECIAL TOPIC: GRIEVING RITES) Because of the parallelism with Jer. 47:5a, probably #2 is correct. SPECIAL TOPIC: GRIEVING RITES 47:6 This verse addresses the personified sword of YHWH (cf. Jer. 12:12; Isa. 34:6; Amos 9:4). The question is asked (apparently by those being conquered) how long will it not be quieted withdraw into its sheath be at rest stay still The last three are IMPERATIVES! 47:7 Verse 7 is an answer to the question of Jer. 47:6 (i.e. LXX text). There is no rest for YHWH's sword because the conquest of Palestine by Neo-Babylon is His will (i.e. "He has assured it," BDB 416, KB 419, Qal PERFECT). YHWH is in charge of world history! He now uses Babylon, as He previously used Assyria (i.e. Isa. 10:5) and will use Persia (i.e. Isa. 44:28; 45:1-3) in the future, to accomplish His purposes. ▣ "against Ashkelon" The IVP Bible Background Commentary (OT) has a good brief article about this on page 679. From Babylonian Chronicle ‒ Nebuchadnezzsar II attacked surprisingly in the rainy season (i.e., Kislev) Walls of the city were breached and the soldiers ransacked and burned the city, turning it into a mound of ruins. From archaeology, the date of the destruction was about 604 B.C. See Biblical Archaeology Library Ashkelon was a major port for Mediterranian maritime trade with Egypt. Neo-Babylon's control of Philistia was a real problem for Egypt. The NET Bible, p. 1424, #5, suggests that although Ashkelon was destroyed in 604 B.C., this prophecy dates from 609 B.C., in which Pharaoh Necho II marched through Judah to aid the remnant of the Assyrian army, but both Egypt and Assyria were defeated at Carchemish in 605 B.C. by the Neo-Babylonian army.