Ezequiel 5
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
Ezequiel 5:1-4
5:1 "son of man" See note at Ezek. 2:1. SPECIAL TOPIC: SON OF MAN ▣ "take a sharp sword" The VERB (BDB 542, KB 534, Qal IMPERATIVE) is a command. The normal instrument for shaving was a "razor" (BDB 1074, cf. Num. 6:5; 8:7). However, here a "sword" (BDB 352, Ezek. 5:1,2 [twice], 12 [twice], 17) is used. It was a symbol of the coming judgment (cf. Ezek. 6:3,8, 11,12; 7:15). This same judgment is alluded to in Isa. 7:20, using the word "razor." Shaving the hair and beard was a sign of shame (cf. 2 Sam. 10:4). The sword was a symbol of death and devastation. Judah would reap a divine judgment for her sins (i.e. Nebuchadnezzar's army). ▣ "scales for weighing" This is a Hebrew CONSTRUCT (BDB 24 and 1054). Scales were used in weighing the purchase of agricultural items. When used in an unfair way it became an idiom of exploitation and unfairness (cf. Deut. 25:13-16; Prov. 11:1). In contrast, God's scales (i.e. of justice) were fair and reliable. Judah was weighed by YHWH and found wanting! Judah deserved both shame (i.e. sword for shaving) judgment (i.e. scales for weighing) 5:2-4 Ezekiel's hair (usually a sign of religious devotion, cf. Numbers 6; Judges 16-17; 2 Sam. 10:4-5) was to be shaved, divided, and disposed of in specific ways. one-third burned at the center of the city (i.e. the model of Jerusalem of chapter 4) when Jerusalem falls, Ezek. 5:2 one-third cut with the sword all around the city (i.e. the model of Jerusalem of chapter 4), Ezek. 5:2 one-third scattered to the wind, Ezek. 5:2 (i.e. the scattering of exiles) a few hairs were tied into Ezekiel's robe, Ezek. 5:3 a few hairs put in a fire, which will spread to all Judah, Ezek. 5:4 (fire is often used in Ezekiel as a judgment of God, cf. Ezek. 5:2,4; 10:2,6-7; 15:4-7; 16:41; 19:12,14; 20:47-48; 21:31-32; 23:25,47; 24:10,12; 30:8,14,16; 39:6 The symbolic act seems to mean that one-third of the inhabitants of Jerusalem will be killed by the sword, one-third will be killed by famine and one-third will be scattered among the nations (cf. Ezek. 5:2). In Ezek. 5:3 the concept of remnant appears, which occurs throughout the OT in God's dealing with His rebellious covenant people (cf. 2 Kgs. 25:22; Isa. 6:13; 10:22; Jer. 23:3; Ezek. 5:3; 6:8-10; 11:13; Zech. 13:8, 9). SPECIAL TOPIC: FIRE SPECIAL TOPIC: THE REMNANT, three senses
Ezequiel 5:5-12
5:5 This verse affirms the purposeful plan of God to place His people where they must depend on His care and protection. They were not a large, powerful people (cf. Deut. 7:7), but their land was at the crossroads of the major Near Eastern powers of Babylon, Assyria, Anatolia, and Egypt. God wanted to use His people planted in such a prominent place to educate and draw the surrounding peoples (i.e. "the nations) to Himself (cf. Deut. 4:6-8, see The Prophecy of Ezekiel by Feinberg, p. 37). Because of Israel's disobedience, all they (i.e. the nations) saw was the judgment of God (cf. Ezek. 5:7-9; 36:22-36). ▣ "at the center of the nations" When this phrase is seen in light of Ezek. 38:12 the use of the imagery of "navel" in Near Eastern religion (cf. NIDOTTE, vol. 2, pp. 333-334) it becomes a significant theological statement. YHWH's people were the revelatory epicenter of the world. His eternal, universal, redemptive plan involved them. Their continuing covenant unfaithfulness was a major barrier to revealing His faithful character, which will be expressed in the "New Covenant," which is not based on human performance (cf. Jer. 31:31-34; Ezek. 36:22-36). SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT 5:6-7 "statutes. . .ordinances" See Ezek. 5:6, 7 . SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION 5:7 "you have more turmoil" "your have multiplied disobedience more" "you are more turbulent" "you have caused more trouble" "your disorders are worse" "you have outdone" "you have been more insubordinate" "you are more arrogant" This NOUN form appears only here in the OT (BDB 243, KB 632, Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT). Its basic meaning may be to rebel to raze to be turbulent Some scholars assert that it comes from a different root meaning "to disdain" or "to be weak." ▣ "you have not walked. . .nor observed" (twice) LXX, NKJV, Peshitta "have not walked in. . .nor kept" "not followed. . .or kept" "by not obeying. . .or keeping" "you do not keep. . .or respect" "have not conformed. . .have not kept" "you have not obeyed. . .or followed" The MT has the negative (לא) twice, but the RSV leaves out the negatives. The UBS Text Project, p. 10, gives the MT a "B" rating. The only English translation that removes the two "nots" is the RSV, which follows some Hebrew and Syriac manauscripts. Because of the last phrase of this verse, Ezek. 5:6, and 16:27, this phrase must mean that Judah sinned worse than the surrounding nations! Her idolatries reached new heights! 5:8 "I, even I" This is very emphatic! YHWH will act against Israel to maintain the truthfulness of His own revelation. The covenant God acts against the covenant people! God wanted to reach all nations through Israel. She was the means, not the goal! ▣ "I will execute judgment among you in the sight of the nations" It must be remembered that Israel was called to be "a kingdom of priests" (cf. Exod. 19:5,6). She will be a testimony, either positively or negatively (cf. Ezek. 5:15; Ezek. 36:23-36). 5:9 God will execute judgment against His own covenant people more severely than other judgments because Israel knew Him, knew His will and yet violated them (cf. Luke 12:48; Rom. 9:4-5)! 5:10 "the fathers will eat their sons" This is one of the horrors of siege warfare. It was foretold in Lev. 26:29 and Deut. 28:53. The cannibalism is predicted in Jer. 19:9 and fulfilled in Lam. 2:20 and 4:10. Flavius Josephus also tells us of the same horrendous acts occurring in the siege of Jerusalem by Titus in A.D. 70. ▣ "scatter all your remnant to every wind" The concept of remnant was alluded to in Ezek. 5:3. This VERB (BDB 279, KB 280, Piel PERFECT with waw) refers literally to winnowing grain (i.e. separating the husk and grain), but it is often used as imagery of judgment (i.e. exile, cf. Deut. 30:15-16; 31:15-16; Ezek. 20:23). God's very own people become the "husk"! Notice it is YHWH, not the nations, who scatters His people (cf. Ezek. 5:10,12; 6:8; 12:14-15; 20:23; 22:15; 36:19). It was not the power of the gods of the nations or their military, but the righteous judgment of YHWH that scatters His people for breaking the covenant (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 28). SPECIAL TOPIC: REMNANT (three senses) 5:11 "So as I live declares the Lord God" This is an oath used fourteen times in Ezekiel. It is a play on the word YHWH (i.e. a form of the VERB "to be"), which means "the only-living, ever-living God." God is true to His word (i.e. Isa. 55:9-11)! SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY, D. ▣ "because you have defiled My sanctuary" This is described in detail in chapter 8 (cf. Ezek. 9:7; 23:38; 43:6-9). ▣ "abominations" See SPECIAL TOPIC: ABOMINATION "I will also withdraw" "I will also diminish you" NRSV, TEV "I will cut you down" NJB, LXX "I too shall reject you" "I in turn will shear [you] away" "I in turn shall destroy you" "I will scatter away" This refers to Ezekiel's vision of the glory of YHWH and His Spirit leaving the temple in Jerusalem and moving east to be with the exiles (cf. chapters 8-11) YHWH shearing Israel (cf. Ezek. 5:1; same VERB, BDB 175, KB 203, used of "shaving" in Isa. 15:2; Jer. 48:37) There is some question about what this VERB (BDB 175, KB 203, Qal IMPERFECT) means. The basic meaning is to diminish (cf. Exod. 5:8,19; Deut. 4:2; Jer. 26:2) restrain (cf. Job 15:4,8; Niphal Num. 9:7) withdraw (cf. Job. 36:7; Niphal Num. 36:3,4) cut down (see NRSV, TEV, JPSOA, relating back to the shaving of Ezek. 5:1-2) The results of YHWH abandoning His own temple is a complete rejection of the inhabitants of Jerusalem as His people. Notice He will have no pity, BDB 299, KB 298, Qal IMPERFECT, cf. Ezek. 7:9; 8:18; 9:5,10 not spare, BDB 328, KB 328, Qal IMPERFECT, cf. Ezek. 7:9; 8:18; 9:5,10 Instead of the promise of great numbers of Israelites (i.e. stars, sand, dust; see full note at Gen. 13:16), YHWH will extensively reduce their numbers until only a remnant is left (cf. Ezek. 5:3). ▣ "My eye" This is an anthropomorphic way of referring to God's personal attention to His covenant people. SPECIAL TOPIC: THE PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS OF HUMAN LANGUAGE
Ezequiel 5:13-17
5:13 Notice all the "My's" in this verse! They denote YHWH's personal righteous character. My anger (BDB 60) My wrath (BDB 404) My zeal (or "jealousy," BDB 888; see SPECIAL TOPIC: JEALOUSY, ZEAL) My wrath (BDB 404) NASB, REB "I shall be appeased" "I will be avenged" "satisfy myself" "until I am satisfied" "I have sated my fury" "when I spend my anger" "when I vent all My fury" "I will be comforted" The VERB (BDB 636, KB 688, Hithpael PERFECT with waw) in this stem can have several meanings. "be sorry" or "have compassion," cf. Deut. 32:36 (which does not fit this context) "rue" or "repent," cf. Num. 23:19 (which does not fit this context) "comfort oneself," cf. Gen. 37:35; Ps. 119:52 (which could fit) "ease oneself by taking vengeance," cf. Gen. 27:42 (by planning evil); also this same connotation is expressed in the Niphal stem (cf. Isa. 1:24). This does fit the context best! God's anger will cease after His judgment (cf. Ezek. 16:42; 21:17; 24:13). His purpose is an obedient people, not a settled wrath! His acts of judgment are meant to restore, not totally annihilate! Also note that it is not the people's repentance, but YHWH's mercy that limits and concludes judgment! ▣ "in My zeal" This NOUN (BDB 888) is translated "ardor," "zeal," and "jealousy." Therefore, it could be understood as YHWH jealous for His word YHWH jealous for His covenant people. Judah had violated YHWH's covenant and YHWH's love! SPECIAL TOPIC: JEALOUSY, ZEAL 5:14-15 This reflects Deut. 28:37. Moses told the people of Israel that if they kept the Mosaic Covenant they would be blessed, but if they broke it they would be cursed (cf. Lev. 26). Notice the list of things YHWH will do to His disobedient covenant people. "I will make you a desolation," Ezek. 5:14 (BDB 352, a place of waste and ruin) "a reproach among the nations," Ezek. 5:14 (BDB 357, a shame, disgrace, scorn, cf. Ezek. 5:15) "a reviling," Ezek. 5:15 (BDB 154, this FEMININE NOUN form is found only here and means a taunt or someone as the object of blasphemous words) "a warning," Ezek. 5:15 (BDB 416, "chastening" or "chastisement of God") "an object of horror," Ezek. 5:15 (BDB 1031, "appalling object," horror," cf. Deut. 28:37; Jer. 25:9,11,18,38) Notice how God describes His coming judgments (i.e. Ezek. 5:15) in anger (BDB 60, cf. Ezek. 5:13) in wrath (BDB 404, cf. Ezek. 5:13[twice]) in raging rebukes (BDB 407 CONSTRUCT 404, cf. Ezek. 25:17) YHWH acts against disobedient Judah as a witness to the nations of His righteous character (i.e. Ezek. 5:14-15; 36:22-38). It has always been YHWH's plan to reveal Himself through Israel (cf. Gen. 12:3; Exod. 19:5-6; see SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN). He wanted it to be in blessing, but if necessary, He will witness in judgment! SPECIAL TOPIC: HORROR, REPROACH, CURSE SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT 5:15 NASB, NKJV "it" NRSV, TEV, NJB, REB, JPSOA, LXX, Peshitta, Targums, Vulgate, DSS "you" The MT has "it shall be" (BDB 224, KB 243, Qal PERFECT with waw, FEMININE SINGULAR), which refers to Jerusalem. Here, the city stands for God's people, set by Him among the nations as a witness (cf. v. 5). Even the exiles were used by YHWH to spread His name among the nations. The UBS Text Project, p. 11, gives "you" a "C" rating. 5:16-17 These verses continue the items of destruction mentioned in Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28. YHWH is true to His word (cf. Ezek. 5:17c). Note the litany of judgments. the deadly arrows of famine, Ezek. 5:16,17; Deut. 28:20-26 wild beasts, Ezek. 5:17 (cf. Lev. 26:22; Deut. 32:24) plague, Ezek. 5:17 (cf. Lev. 26:21) bloodshed, Ezek. 5:17 sword, Ezek. 5:17 These were meant to turn His people back to Him in repentance and faith (cf. Deuteronomy 28; 30:1-10). 5:16 The MT, at the beginning of v. 16, has "against them," both "them" and "you," but the verse implies has "you," which fits the context better. The UBS Text Project, p. 11, thinks "them" is original (i.e. "B" rating). ▣ "and break the staff of bread" The term "staff" (BDB 641), following its usages with Moses' staff (i.e. God's power in the hands of Moses), may be an idiom for a divine supply. Therefore, in this context it is parallel to famine. This phrase is used several times (cf. Lev. 26:26; Ps. 105:16; Ezek. 4:16; 5:16; 14:13). 5:17 "they will bereave you of children" The wild beasts will kill the children of the disobedient Jerusalemites. Notice, like David's first child with Bathsheba, the children pay the price for their parent's sin (cf. Deut. 5:9). However, please note Deut. 5:10 and 7:9. His love reaches to "a thousand generations"! Judgment is God's strange work (cf. Isa. 28:21; Lam. 3:33).