1 Crônicas 16

Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible

1 Crônicas 16

NJB (LXX versing) A Tent for the Ark The Ark Placed in the Tabernacle A Service of Dedication, and Further Arrangements Moving the Covenant Box to Jerusalem (15:25-16:7) The Ark Brought to Jerusalem (15:25-16:3) 16:1-3 16:1-3 16:1-3 16:1-3 16:1-3 The Service of the Levites Before the Ark 16:4-6 16:4-6 16:4-6 16:4-7 16:4-7 David's Song of Thanksgiving 16:7 16:7 16:7 Psalm of Thanksgiving A Song of Praise 16:8-36 (8-36) 16:8-13 (8-13) 16:8-13 (8-13) 16:8-18 (8-18) 16:8-9 (8-9) 16:10-11 (10-11) 16:12-13 (12-13) 16:14-22 (14-22) 16:14-18 (14-18) 16:14 (14) 16:15-16 (15-16) 16:17-18 (17-18) 16:19-22 (19-22) 16:19-22 (19-22) 16:19 (19) 16:20-22 (20-22) 16:23-24 (23-24) 16:23-27 (23-27) 16:23-24 (23-24) 16:23-24 (23-24) 16:25-27 (25-27) 16:25-27 (25-27) 16:25-26a (25-26a) 16:26b-27 (26b-27) 16:28-30 (28-30) 16:28-34 (28-34) 16:28-33 (28-33) 16:28-29a (28-29a) 16:29b-30a (29b-30a) 16:30b-33 (30b-33) 16:31-33 (31-33) 16:34-36 (34-36) 16:34-36 (34-36a) 16:34 (34) 16:35-36 (35-36a) 16:35 (35) Worship Before the Ark Regular Worship Maintained Worship at Jerusalem and Gibeon 16:36a (36a) 16:36b (36b) 16:37-42 16:37-43 16:37-42 16:37-38 16:37-38 16:39-42 16:39-42 16:43 16:43 16:43 16:43 Etc.

1 Crônicas 16:1-3

16:1 "the ark of God" See SPECIAL TOPIC: ARK OF THE COVENANT. ▣ "inside the tent which David had pitched for it" See notes at 1 Chr. 15:1,3. ▣ "burnt offerings and peace offerings" See SPECIAL TOPIC: SACRIFICIAL SYSTEMS OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST. 16:2 "in the name of the Lord" See SPECIAL TOPIC: "THE NAME" OF YHWH (OT). 16:3 All Israel participated in the peace offerings. ▣ LXX, Peshitta, Vulgate, NASB, NKJV, NJB, REB "a portion of meat" NET Bible, TEV footnote, JB "cake of dates" "a cake made in a pan" Targum "a portion" The Hebrew term (BDB 80, cf. 2 Sam. 6:19) is uncertain. The ancient versions took their guess from the context of a peace offering. SPECIAL TOPIC: PEACE OFFERING

1 Crônicas 16:4-6

16:4 "he appointed" David organized the Levites for tabernacle worship (cf. 1 Chronicles 23-27; see Roland deVaux, Ancient Israel, "The Levites in the Work of the Chronicler," pp. 390-394). at the ark in Jerusalem (cf. 1 Chr. 16:37-38) at the High Place at Gibeon (cf. 1 Chr. 16:39) ▣ "praise" This term (BDB 392, KB 389) is used over six times in this chapter. This is surely a Psalm of Thanksgiving. SPECIAL TOPIC: THANKSGIVING 16:5 "second to him" See note at 1 Chr. 15:18 on BDB 1041. ▣ "Jeiel" This name appears as "Jaaziel" in 1 Chr. 15:18 and "Aziel" in 1 Chr. 15:20. The UBS Text Project, p. 419, offers two comments. It gives "Jeiel" in this text a "B" rating (some doubt). However, it suggests the original name was "Jaaziel." Why these names are different is uncertain. 16:6 "the priests" See SPECIAL TOPIC: LEVITICAL PRIESTS. ▣ "covenant" SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT.

1 Crônicas 16:7-36

16:8-36 This is David's Psalm of Thanksgiving and Praise to YHWH. It has many commands calling on "all Israel" to recognize and extol their God. 1 Chr. 15:8 ‒ "give thanks" ‒ BDB 392, KB 389, Hiphil IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:8 ‒ "call upon" ‒ BDB 894, KB 1128, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:8 ‒ "make known" ‒ BDB 393, KB 390, Hiphil IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:9 ‒ "sing" ‒ BDB 1010, KB 1479, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:9 ‒ "sing praises" ‒ BDB 274, KB 273, Piel IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:9 ‒ "speak" (lit. "meditate") ‒ BDB 967, KB 1319, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:10 ‒ "glory" (lit. "be boastful" or "praise") ‒ BDB 237, KB 248, Hithpael IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:10 ‒ "be glad" ‒ BDB 970, KB 1333, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:11 ‒ "seek" ‒ BDB 205, KB 233, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:11 ‒ "seek" ‒ BDB 134, KB 152, Piel IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:12,15 ‒ "remember ‒ BDB 269, KB 269, Qal IMPERATIVE Same as #11. 1 Chr. 15:22 ‒ "do not touch My anointed ones" ‒ BDB 619, KB 668, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:22 ‒ "do My prophets no harm" ‒ BDB 949, KB 1269, Hiphil IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:23 ‒ "sing" ‒ same as #4 1 Chr. 15:23 ‒ "proclaim good tidings" ‒ BDB 142, KB 163, Piel IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:24 ‒ "tell" ‒ BDB 707, KB 765, Piel IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:28-29 ‒ "ascribe" (thrice) ‒ BDB 396, KB 393, Qal IMPERATIVES Same as #18. Same as #18. 1 Chr. 15:29 ‒ "bring" ‒ BDB 669, KB 724, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:29 ‒ "come" ‒ BDB 97, KB 112, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:29 ‒ "worship" (lit. "bow down") ‒ BDB 1005, KB 295, Hishtapel IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:30 ‒ "tremble" ‒ BDB 296, KB 297, Qal IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:31 ‒ "be glad" ‒ same as #8 1 Chr. 15:31 ‒ "rejoice" ‒ BDB 162, KB 189, Qal JUSSIVE 1 Chr. 15:31 ‒ "say" ‒ BDB 55, KB 65, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:32 ‒ "roar" (lit. "thunder") ‒ BDB 947, KB 1266, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:32 ‒ "exult" ‒ BDB763, KB 836, Qal IMPERFECT used in a JUSSIVE sense 1 Chr. 15:34 ‒ "give thanks" ‒ same as #1 1 Chr. 15:35 ‒ "say"‒ same as #27 1 Chr. 15:35 ‒ "save us"‒ BDB 446, KB 448, Hiphil IMPERATIVE 1 Chr. 15:35 ‒ "gather us"‒ BDB 867, KB 1062, Piel IMPERFECT 1 Chr. 15:35 ‒ "deliver us"‒ BDB 664, KB 717, Hiphil IMPERATIVE 16:9 "wonders" The same term is also in 1 Chr. 15:12. SPECIAL TOPIC: WONDERFUL THINGS (OT) 16:10 "those who seek the Lord" This VERBAL (BDB 134, KB 152, Piel PARTICIPLE) shows the orientation of the heart towards Deity! seek Him with all your heart ‒ Deut. 4:29; 2 Chr. 11:16; 15:15; Jer. 29:13 seek His face ‒ 2 Chr. 7:14; Ps. 27:8; 105:4; Hos. 5:15 seek and be glad ‒ Ps. 40:17; 70:5 The sovereign covenant God demands a faith response from His followers (i.e., Gen. 15:6; Isa. 28:16; Jer. 33:3; Joel 2:32). This denoted love, obedience, worship, and availability to serve Him. SPECIAL TOPIC: WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO "RECEIVE," "BELIEVE," "CONFESS/PROFESS," AND "CALL UPON"? 16:12 "remember His wonderful deeds" The NIDOTTE, vol. 3, p. 616 has a good list of how this word is used. YHWH's wonderful deeds are to be remembered ‒ here; Ps. 105:5 extolled ‒ Ps. 89:5; 107:8; 139:14 meditated on ‒ Ps. 105:2; 119:27; 145:5 proclaimed ‒ 1 Chr. 16:24; Ps. 9:1; 26:7; 75:1; 78:4; 96:3 God is the God who acts. Idols are nothing (cf. 1 Chr. 16:26) and do not have "any" wonderful deeds! ▣ "judgments" See SPECIAL TOPIC: TERMS FOR GOD'S REVELATION. 16:13 "O seed of Israel" Psalm 105:6 is exactly the same except for "Israel" it has "Abraham." The Chronicler may have wanted to expand the Patriarchal promises (note, "all the earth" in the next line). What started with Abraham, transferred to his seed, and eventually to all humans. SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN ▣ "Israel His servant" See SPECIAL TOPIC: MY SERVANT. ▣ "His chosen ones" See SPECIAL TOPIC: HE CHOSE US. 16:14 "in all the earth" This Psalm is universal in its scope (cf. 1 Chr. 16:14,23,24,28,30). SPECIAL TOPIC: LAND, COUNTRY, EARTH (OT) 16:15 "forever" This term is also used in 1 Chr. 16:17b. SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam) ▣ "to a thousand generations" This is a parallel phrase to "forever" in line 1 (cf. 1 Chr. 16:36b). 16:16-17 This refers to the covenant promises to the Patriarchs. Abraham ‒ Gen. 12:1-3; 15:18-21; 17:1-5; 22:16-18 Isaac ‒ Gen. 26:2-5 Jacob ‒ Gen. 28:13; 35:11-12 It is an eternal covenant (cf. Gen. 17:7,8,13,19; Jdgs. 2:1; 2 Sam. 7:13-16,24,26; Ps. 105:8-10) but it is conditional (cf. Leviticus 26; Deuteronomy 27-30)! Obedience to the Mosaic law is crucial, not optional. SPECIAL TOPIC: COVENANT PROMISES TO THE PATRIARCHS 16:18 This promise of a land passed from the Patriarchs to Israel (cf. Exod. 6:4,8; Deut. 4:38,40; 5:31; 19:10; 20:16; 21:23; Jos. 1:2,3,6,11,13,15; 2:9,24; 18:3; 21:43; 24:13). The promise to Abraham focused on: a seed a land a blessing for them and the world (cf. Gen. 12:3) 16:20-22 This reflects Genesis 20. Therefore, the terms "My anointed ones" and "My prophets" refer to the Patriarchs (esp. Abraham). It is possible that 1 Chr. 16:21 refers to the wilderness wandering period (cf. Ps. 105:8-15). Whenever, wherever God's people went, He was with them and for them! 16:22 "anointed" See SPECIAL TOPIC: "ANOINTING" IN THE BIBLE. 16:23 "all the earth" See note at 1 Chr. 16:14. ▣ "His salvation" See SPECIAL TOPIC: SALVATION (OT Term). 16:24 "tell of His glory among the nations" This is what the phrase "a kingdom of priests" (cf. Exod. 19:5-6) implies. God wants the nations to know Him and seek Him (cf. 1 Chr. 16:31). SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN 16:25-26 This is an emphasis on monotheism. SPECIAL TOPIC: MONOTHEISM 16:25 "For great is the Lord" This is a recurrent affirmation (NIDOTTE, vol. 1, p. 825). God (El) ‒ Deut. 7:21; 10:17; Neh. 1:5; 9:32; Ps. 77:13; 95:3; Jer. 32:18; Dan. 9:4 God (Elohim) ‒ 1 Chr. 2:5; Neh. 8:6 Lord (YHWH) ‒ Exod. 18:11; here; Ps. 48:1; 96:4; 99:2; 135:5; 145:3; Jer. 10:6 the Holy One of Israel ‒ Isa. 12:6 Lord (Adon) ‒ Ps. 147:5 God as king ‒ Ps. 47:2; 95:3; Mal. 1:14 SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY 16:26 NASB, NKJV, NRSV, REB, LXX "idols" "nothingness" "mere idols" "worthless" "images" This NOUN (BDB 47), in its PLURAL form, is very similar to Elohim . This is a sound play on the gods of the nations. The BDB mentions its etymology is uncertain but suggests "weak," "feeble," "poor," or "worthless." These gods have a physical form (i.e., manmade image, cf. Peshitta) but no true reality. They are blind, deaf, mute, and unknowing! ▣ "the Lord made the heavens" This is an idiomatic way of asserting YHWH as creator (cf. Gen. 1:1; 2:4; Exod. 20:11; 31:17; 2 Kgs. 19:15; Neh. 9:6; Ps. 33:6; 95:5; 102:25; 115:15; 121:2; 124:8; 134:3; 146:6; Pro. 3:19; Isa. 37:16; 42:5; 45:18; Jer. 10:12; 32:17; 51:15; Acts 4:24; 14:15; 17:24; Rev. 4:11; 14:7). 16:30b This is imagery for the certainty of God's plans. 16:31 "the heavens" Notice how nature is personified in 1 Chr. 16:21-33. heaven (cf. Isa. 44:23; 49:13) earth (cf. Ps. 96:11; 98:7) sea and sea life (Ps. 96:11) field (cf. Ps. 96:12) tree (cf. Isa. 44:23; 55:12) SPECIAL TOPIC: HEAVEN ▣ "the Lord reigns" This is powerful imagery of God's sovereignty (i.e., Revelation 4-5). This VERB (BDB 573, KB 590, Qal PERFECT) is used in three temporal senses. His reign ‒ here; Ps. 93:1; 26:16; 97:1; 99:1; Isa. 52:7 He reigns forever ‒ Ps. 10:66; 29:10 He will reign ‒ Exod. 15:18; Ps. 146:10; Isa. 24:23; Mic. 4:7 For NT usage see SPECIAL TOPIC: REIGNING IN THE KINGDOM OF GOD. 16:33 "for He is coming to judge the earth" For those who know Him it is a wonderful day of personal reunion, but for those who do not, it is a tragedy of unspeakable, eternal separation. For the Hebrew term "judgment" see SPECIAL TOPIC: JUDGE, JUDGMENT, and JUSTICE IN ISAIAH. SPECIAL TOPIC: JUDGMENT IN THE NT 16:34 "for He is good" This ADJECTIVE (BDB 373 II) is very common. It is often used of God Himself (cf. 2 Chr. 5:13; 7:3; Ezra 3:11; Ps. 25:8; 34:8; 80:5; 100:5; 106:1; 107:1; 118:1,29; 135:3; 136:1; Jer. 33:11). This speaks to the very character of God. SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (OT) SPECIAL TOPIC: CHARACTERISTICS OF ISRAEL'S GOD (NT) ▣ "lovingkindness" See SPECIAL TOPIC: LOVINGKINDNESS (hesed). ▣ "everlasting" See note at 1 Chr. 16:15. Together these two terms form a recurrent refrain (cf. 1 Chr. 16:34,41; 2 Chr. 5:13; 7:3,6; 20:21; Ezra 3:15; Ps. 100:5; 106:1; 107:1; Jer. 33:11). SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('olam) 16:35 "save us. . .deliver us" These are both IMPERATIVES (see note at 1 Chr. 16:8-36). They each have the connotation of physical deliverance spiritual security SPECIAL TOPIC: SALVATION (OT Term) ▣ "gather us" This also is an IMPERATIVE (BDB 867, 1062, Piel IMPERATIVE). Remember, Chronicles is written in the post-exilic period when the Jews, exiled to Mesopotamia, are allowed to return to Judah. However, they face opposition from their neighbors (i.e., "deliver us from the nations"). The returning Jews (cf. Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai, Zechariah) thanked God for deliverance from the ANE powers the local Persian provinces This phrase reflects the promise of Deut. 30:1-10. ▣ "holy" See SPECIAL TOPIC: HOLY. 16:36 "blessed" See SPECIAL TOPIC: BLESSING (OT). Lord This title for Deity is used so often in this psalm. See SPECIAL TOPIC: NAMES FOR DEITY. Elohim/God, C YHWH/Lord, D ▣ "Amen" See SPECIAL TOPIC: AMEN.

1 Crônicas 16:37-42

16:37 David assigned some Levites to serve the ark (wherever it was) in 1 Chr. 16:37-38. He also appointed other Levites to serve at the high place of Gibeon (cf. 1 Kgs. 3:5; 9:2). Apparently the original tabernacle tent remained at Gibeon (cf. 2 Chr. 1:13). 16:39 "at Gibeon" The tabernacle was first set up at Gilgal (Jos. 4:15-5:12; 2 Chr. 1:3-6). After that it went to: Shiloh ‒ Jos. 18:1; 19:51; 1 Sam. 2:22 Gibeon ‒ 1 Chr. 16:39-40; 2 Chr. 1:3-6 Jerusalem ‒ 1 Chr. 23:25 16:40 This verse relates to Exod. 29:38-42 and Num. 28:3,4. ▣ "offering continually morning and evening" This became known as the "continual" (cf. Exod. 29:38-45; Lev. 6:20; Num. 4:16; 28:3-8; Ezra 3:5; Ezek. 46:13-15; Dan. 8:11-13; 11:31; 12:11). It was two of the three times of daily prayer (i.e., morning and evening).

1 Crônicas 16:43

16:43 "David returned to bless his household" The AB (p. 118) thinks this phrase should be understood as saying that David went home and saluted his own family/household. The NET Bible (p. 654) thinks it refers to David dedicating his newly built palace to God. It is interesting that the parallel in 2 Sam. 6:20-23 about Michal, is omitted. In 2 Sam. 6:18 it says, "David blessed the people in the name of the Lord." 1 Chronicles 16 does not mention this but instead says, "David returned to bless his household."