1 Crônicas 14
Bob Utley · You Can Understand the Bible
1 Crônicas 14
NJB (LXX versing) David's Family Enlarged David Established at Jerusalem David's Family David's Activities in Jerusalem David in Jerusalem, His Palace, His Children 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:1-2 14:3-7 14:3-7 14:3-7 14:3-7 14:3-7 Philistines Defeated The Philistines Defeated David's Defeat of the Philistines Victory Over the Philistines Victories Over the Philistines 14:8-12 14:8-12 14:8-12 14:8-10a 14:8-12 14:10b 14:11-12 14:13-17 14:13-17 14:13-17 14:13-17 14:13-16 14:17 Etc.
1 Crônicas 14:1-2
14:1 "Hiram king of Tyre" This was the king of Phoenicia from 969-936 B.C. (Albright). He provided materials and artisans for David's palace ‒ here; 2 Sam. 5:11 Solomon's palace ‒ 1 9:1,10 Solomon's Temple ‒ 1 Kings 5; 9:10-14 Josephus also gives information about Hiram (cf. Antiq. 7.3.3; 7.12.4; 8.6.6,7,9). His name is spelled several different ways. Hiram ‒ 2 Sam. 5:11; 1 Kgs. 5:1ff; 9:11 Hirom ‒ 1 Kgs. 5:10,18; Josephus Huram ‒ 2 Chr. 2:3,11 Because most of Hiram's activities occur in Solomon's reign, some scholars put David's palace construction late in his reign (i.e., Expositor's Bible Commentary, vol. 4, p. 382). We must just admit we have only one extra-biblical, historical information about Hiram. Mender of Ephesus, writing about 300 B.C., using Tyrian documents, says he was 19 when he became king and ruled 34 years. 14:2 "the Lord had established him as king over Israel" This VERB (BDB 465 I, KB 464, Hiphil PERFECT) is used of divine appointments of covenant kings (cf. 2 Sam. 7:11-13; 1 Chr. 22:10; Ps. 89:5) Saul ‒ 1 Sam. 13:13-14 David ‒ 2 Sam. 5:12; 1 Chr. 17:11 Solomon ‒ 1 Kgs. 2:24; 1 Chr. 28:7 Rehoboam ‒ 2 Chr. 12:1 Jehoshaphat ‒ 2 Chr. 17:3-5 royal throne Solomon's ‒ 1 Chr. 22:10 YHWH's ‒ Ps. 103:19-22 ▣ "for the sake of His people" David's kingdom was established to fulfill YHWH's plan. SPECIAL TOPIC: YHWH'S ETERNAL REDEMPTIVE PLAN
1 Crônicas 14:3-7
14:3 "Jerusalem" The Chronicler focuses on all Israel (1 Chronicles 12-13) the tabernacle/temple (ark) Jerusalem (1 Chr. 11:4-9) David and his seed (2 Samuel 7; 1 Chronicles 17) ▣ Many wives and children were a cultural sign of blessings (i.e., Jacob's family) and power in the ANE. This should not be used as a biblical evidence for polygamy. Even the Mosaic law rejects this multiplication of wives (cf. Deut. 17:17). When Solomon follows David's lead, he will suffer great loss (cf. 1 Kgs. 11:4-8)! 14:4-7 This is parallel to the list in 1 Chr. 3:5-8 but with some of the names spelled differently. The list seems to come from 2 Sam. 5:14-16 but with two additional names.
1 Crônicas 14:8-12
14:8 "the Philistines" Two separate battles are highlighted (1 Chr. 14:8-12,13-16). This is a striking reversal of the military failures of King Saul to defeat this ethnic entity. ▣ "anointed" See SPECIAL TOPIC: "ANOINTING" IN THE BIBLE. ▣ "all Israel" This is a recurrent theme of the Chronicler (cf. 1 Chr. 11:1-3; 12:38; 13:2-8). Israel is unified again! 14:9 "the valley of Rephaim" See note at 1 Chr. 11:15. 14:10 "David inquired of God" This showed two things. David is different from Saul (cf. 1 Chr. 13:3; also note Jos. 9:14; Isa. 30:2) David has a respect and heart for God (cf. 1 Chr. 12:33,38) He seeks God's will, not his own, for Israel. How did David inquire of the Lord? by the priest's use of the Urim and Thummim, cf. Num. 27:21 by a prophet (i.e., Nathan and Gad) by a physical sign by a dream/vision The "inquiring" is paralleled in 2 Sam. 5:19 and 23. SPECIAL TOPIC: URIM AND THUMMIM 14:11 "God has broken through" See note on this VERB at 1 Chr. 13:11. ▣ "like the break-through of waters" This could refer to the parting of the Red Sea the parting of the Jordan River as the Philistines "flooded" the valley, now David's troops broke through like a flood just an idiom of quick and complete victory SPECIAL TOPIC: WATERS 14:12 The Philistine (like the sons of Eli) carried a physical religious item into battle hoping it (they) would give victory. But idols cannot see, hear, speak or move! In Exod. 23:24; 34:13 the Israelites are to totally destroy the worship objects of Canaan. Later, this was expanded to burning (cf. Deut. 7:5,25; 9:21; 12:3). Burning had a cultic sense of purifying. The land of Israel must be purified of idolatry. 2 Samuel 5:21 does not mention David burning the idols. However, some LXX MSS do include this. Possibly the Chronicler had a different text of Samuel then the MT. SPECIAL TOPIC: ISRAEL'S MANDATED RESPONSE TO CANAANITE FERTILITY WORSHIP SPECIAL TOPIC: TEXTUAL CRITICISM
1 Crônicas 14:13-17
14:14-15 This is very specific information which could not come from the Urim and Thummim. 14:15 "marching" This is the only occurrence of the NOUN (BDB 857), although the VERB occurs often. This "sound of marching" could be a supernatural event, like 2 Kgs. 7:6. 14:16 "David did just as God had commanded him" This is a major theological emphasis. David had a whole heart for YHWH. Obey God's Word! SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP ▣ "Gibeon" In 2 Sam. 5:25 this city is named "Geba" (cf. 1 Sam. 13:3; 2 Sam. 5:25; 1 Kgs. 15:22; 2 Kgs. 23:8; 1 Chr. 6:60; 8:6; 2 Chr. 16:6; Neh. 11:31; 12:29; see maps #88,89 in the Macmillan Bible Atlas, 3rd edition, p. 70). The LXX also has "Gibeon." 14:17 "into all the lands" This is a hyperbole but reflects the fame/fear of David among the surrounding ANE nations. This phraseology is reminiscent of the "holy war" terminology of the conquest (cf. Joshua).