Mateus 9
William Hendriksen · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 9
Hendriksen - In the house, as Jesus was reclining at table, what happens? Many tax collectors and (other) people of low reputation came and reclined at table with him and his disciples. NET Matthew 9:10 As Jesus was having a meal in Matthew's house, many tax collectors and sinners came and ate with Jesus and his disciples. GNT Matthew 9:10 Καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ ἀνακειμένου ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, καὶ ἰδοὺ πολλοὶ τελῶναι καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐλθόντες συνανέκειντο τῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ. NLT Matthew 9:10 Later, Matthew invited Jesus and his disciples to his home as dinner guests, along with many tax collectors and other disreputable sinners. KJV Matthew 9:10 And it came to pass, as Jesus sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with him and his disciples. ESV Matthew 9:10 And as Jesus reclined at table in the house, behold, many tax collectors and sinners came and were reclining with Jesus and his disciples. NIV Matthew 9:10 While Jesus was having dinner at Matthew's house, many tax collectors and "sinners" came and ate with him and his disciples. ASV Matthew 9:10 And it came to pass, as he sat at meat in the house, behold, many publicans and sinners came and sat down with Jesus and his disciples. CSB Matthew 9:10 While He was reclining at the table in the house, many tax collectors and sinners came as guests to eat with Jesus and His disciples. NKJ Matthew 9:10 Now it happened, as Jesus sat at the table in the house, that behold, many tax collectors and sinners came and sat down with Him and His disciples. NRS Matthew 9:10 And as he sat at dinner in the house, many tax collectors and sinners came and were sitting with him and his disciples. YLT Matthew 9:10 And it came to pass, he reclining (at meat) in the house, that lo, many tax-gatherers and sinners having come, were lying (at meat) with Jesus and his disciples, as - Mk 2:15,16,17 Lu 5:29-32 many - Mt 5:46,47 Joh 9:31 1Ti 1:13-16 Parallel Passages Mark 2:15+ And it *happened that He was reclining at the table in his house, and many tax collectors and sinners were dining with Jesus and His disciples; for there were many of them, and they were following Him. 16 When the scribes of the Pharisees saw that He was eating with the sinners and tax collectors, they said to His disciples, “Why is He eating and drinking with tax collectors and sinners?” 17 And hearing this, Jesus *said to them, “It is not those who are healthy who need a physician, but those who are sick; I did not come to call the righteous, but sinners.” Luke 5:29+ And Levi gave a big reception for Him in his house; and there was a great crowd of tax collectors and other people who were reclining at the table with them. 30 The Pharisees and their scribes began grumbling at His disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?” 31 And Jesus answered and said to them, “It is not those who are well who need a physician, but those who are sick. 32 “I have not come to call the righteous but sinners to repentance.” RIGHTEOUS ONE RECLINES WITH RIFF-RAFF Riff-raff refers to disreputable or undesirable people. This was quite a scene which "made a scene" with the religious leaders as the subsequent passages show!
Mateus 9
Hendriksen comments "This may be considered a kind of farewell banquet, arranged by Matthew and at his house, in honor of Jesus, bidding farewell to the old life, ringing in the new, and beckoning all to become spiritual followers of the Lord." (BNTC) Many tax collectors and sinners came - Luke says "there was a great crowd of tax collectors and other people." (Luke 5:29+) Note the description of "great crowd" or many tax collectors, (how many we do not know but one commentator says possibly 100's which seems a bit high) which is not surprising that they flocked together because everyone else avoided them like the plague. So filled with deep, inner delight was Matthew that he immediately arranged a feast in honor of the One whom he considered his Benefactor!" (cf joy and celebration in Luke 15:6, 9+, Lk 15:23+). Levi apparently sensed the evangelistic nature of his calling (in spite of not hearing Jesus' promise to Peter in Lk 5:10), and responded by inviting his friends (other tax collectors were probably the only friends he had) to a banquet in order to introduce them to Jesus. His desire was that outsiders should be invited to become insiders in regard to the Gospel. This methodology remains an excellent evangelistic approach. A B Bruce says “Jesus aims at a mission among the reprobate classes, and His first step is the call of Matthew to discipleship, and His second the gathering together through him, of a large number of these classes to a social entertainment.” 🙏 THOUGHT - I remember when I was first born again 40 years ago at age 39. I was so excited about Jesus that I told all my relatives about Him. Some became so irritated that they told me if I continued to speak of Jesus they did not want me to come see them again. There is a point of application here -- Levi a tax collector exposed despised tax collectors to Jesus. Each of us as followers of Jesus has our own unique sphere of influence and for many in that sphere we may be their only significant contact with Jesus! Are you willing to be salty salt (Mt 5:13+, cf Col 4:3-6+)? Are you letting your light shine (Mt 5:14-15+, Mt 5:16+)? Have you opened your home like Matthew to the outcasts of society in order that you might introduce them to Jesus? Or at least are you opening your home to your circle of friends so that you can introduce them to your best Friend? Jon Courson - There were three places Jesus consistently frequented: open places, where He preached to the masses; quiet places, where He prayed to His Father; and festive places, where He would celebrate with the people. When you read the Gospels, you cannot help but see that Jesus loved to go to parties. Whether it was in the home of a religious leader like Simon the Pharisee or in that of Matthew, a tax collector with the riffraff of society, Jesus was often in attendance at feasts or festivals. This shouldn't surprise us, considering that the first public miracle He ever did was turning water into wine—not for the purpose of serving Communion, but simply in order that a wedding celebration could continue. Jesus had the ability to attract people to Himself constantly and to enjoy being with others immensely. (Jon Courson's Application Commentary) Luke records a number of dinners which Jesus attended, always for the purpose of teaching and revealing Himself - Luke 7:36; 9:12; 10:38; 11:37; 14:1; 19:7; 22:14; 24:30; 24:41. And were dining with Jesus and His disciples (mathetes) - In the Ancient Near East sharing a meal was a time of communion and an expression of friendship and acceptance. We don't know for certain how many disciples were present at this time, but presumably those called in Matthew 4:18-22+ and Matthew himself. Matthew 9:11 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to His disciples, "Why is your Teacher eating with the tax collectors and sinners? NET Matthew 9:11 When the Pharisees saw this they said to his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?" GNT Matthew 9:11 καὶ ἰδόντες οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔλεγον τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ, Διὰ τί μετὰ τῶν τελωνῶν καὶ ἁμαρτωλῶν ἐσθίει ὁ διδάσκαλος ὑμῶν; NLT Matthew 9:11 But when the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with such scum? " KJV Matthew 9:11 And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Master with publicans and sinners? ESV Matthew 9:11 And when the Pharisees saw this, they said to his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?" NIV Matthew 9:11 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and 'sinners'?" ASV Matthew 9:11 And when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto his disciples, Why eateth your Teacher with the publicans and sinners? CSB Matthew 9:11 When the Pharisees saw this, they asked His disciples, "Why does your Teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?" NKJ Matthew 9:11 And when the Pharisees saw it, they said to His disciples, "Why does your Teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?" NRS Matthew 9:11 When the Pharisees saw this, they said to his disciples, "Why does your teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?" YLT Matthew 9:11 and the Pharisees having seen, said to his disciples, 'Wherefore with the tax-gatherers and sinners doth your teacher eat?' they said - Mk 2:16 9:14-16 Why - Mt 11:19 Isa 65:5 Lu 5:30 15:1,2 19:7 1Co 5:9-11 Ga 2:15 Heb 5:2 2Jn 1:10 Parallel Passages Mark 2:16+ When the scribes of the Pharisees saw that He was eating with the sinners and tax collectors, they said to His disciples, “Why is He eating and drinking with tax collectors and sinners?” Luke 5:30+ The Pharisees and their scribes began grumbling at His disciples, saying, “Why do you eat and drink with the tax collectors and sinners?” When the Pharisees saw this, they said to His disciples - The Pharisees are in essence outraged at Jesus' actions. Matthew does not mention the scribes (grammateus) which are mentioned by Mark and Luke. Note that they were not themselves dining with these notorious sinners but were standing around (as was not unusual in the ancient world) where they could participate in conversation, but not actually eat with them as official guests. Robertson (Matthew 9 Commentary) comments that "It was probably in the long hall of the house where the scribes stood and ridiculed Jesus and the disciples, unless they stood outside, feeling too pious to go into the house of a publican. It was an offence for a Jew to eat with Gentiles as even many of the early Jewish Christians felt (Acts 11:3) and publicans and sinners were regarded like Gentiles (1 Cor. 5:11)." Only Lk 5:30+ says that they began grumbling (gogguzo) which is in the vivid imperfect tense, which pictures them as doing this over and over and over - grumble, grumble, grumble! You never grumble like that do you? And notice that they direct their attack not at Jesus but as His disciples. Pharisees (5330) see discussion of pharisaios.
Mateus 9
Hendriksen explains "The “for” may be called “explanatory” or “continuative.” In the present context it means something like: “In line with this fact that as a physician I came to answer need and to show mercy, the kind of mercy which you, Pharisees, should also show, is the fact that I did not come to call righteous people but sinners.” (BNTC-Mt) I did not come to call (kaleo) the righteous (dikaios), but sinners (harmatolos) - As Spurgeon said Jesus "came not to be served by the good, but to save the evil." Jesus adds this phrase to the Hosea quotation. Luke 5:32+ adds "to repentance." This statement is almost like a "parable in a sentence," for to an unspiritual mind it simply does not make sense. Of course what Jesus is saying is that the righteous are those who THINK they are righteous (and He did not come to call them for they see no need for a Savior), but sadly they are deceived and blinded by their pride (note middle letter of "prIde" which is the same as in sIn!) and unable to understand their need for the righteousness of Christ found only in His Gospel which is only received in humble hearts, hearts broken by their sin against God, and willing to receive the Gospel by grace through faith. All three Gospels record that Jesus is dining with sinners (Mt 9:10, 11, Mk 2:15, 16, Lk 5:29), a fact that angered the self-righteous Pharisees who assiduously avoided "sinners!" Later in Luke Jesus declared “I tell you, this man (TAX COLLECTOR CRYING FOR MERCY - Lk 18:13+) went to his house justified rather than the other (Lk 18:11,12+); for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exalted.” (Lk 18:14+)