Josué 11
Wayne Barber · Citado em PreceptAustin
Josué 11
Barber - The Negev” (see map) or southland is a term that refers to the little-watered region situated south of Judea. In Bible times it was a principal grazing area. It covers about 3,600 square miles and contains important biblical sites such as Kadesh-Barnea and Beersheba. The Arabah (see map) is a word generally applied to a desert area, but specifically refers to the valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. The valley is about one hundred miles in length and is somewhat wider in the north than in the south. (See Joshua: A Devotional Exposition - Page 135) GEORGE BUSH Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Joshua - Chapter 11 16. The mountain of Israel and the valley of the same. Not any particular mountain and valley, but the mountains and valleys generally included in the whole extent of the land of Israel. Joshua 11:17 from Mount Halak, that rises toward Seir, even as far as Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon at the foot of Mount Hermon. And he captured all their kings and struck them down and put them to death. that rises: Ge 32:3 De 2:1 33:2 Seir: Jos 11:3 1:4 12:7 13:5 all their: Jos 12:7-24 De 7:24 Joshua 11 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Mount Hermon in the North from Mount Halak that rises toward Seir, - Halak is in the southern desert region in proximity to Mount Seir (Easu’s fortress, also known as Petra) pinpoints its general location. Holman Bible Dictionary - Halak - Place name meaning, “barren” or “naked.” Mountain marking southern extent of Joshua's conquests (Joshua 11:17; Joshua 12:7 ). It is identified with jebel Halak, about 40 miles southwest of the Dead Sea in Edom. Even as far as Baal-gad in the valley of Lebanon at the foot of Mount Hermon - Here he describes the northern region. The Valley of Lebanon was probably about 30–40 miles north of the Sea of Galilee.
Josué 11
Barber on Hazor - The city from which Jabin ruled was located nine miles north of the Sea of Galilee at Tell el-Qedah. It was the largest city in Palestine in Old Testament times, and reached its peak in the fifteenth to fourteenth centuries B.C. Archaeologists have estimated that it may have had a population of 40,000. The city itself was divided into two parts. It consisted of a bottle-shaped mound about 130 feet high with the upper city covering 25 to 30 acres. The lower city occupied between 175 to 200 acres, and was massive when compared to Jericho (about five acres) and Megiddo (approximately 20 acres). Jabin was a powerful monarch, and it is easy to see how he exerted great influence on the city-states of northern Canaan. (See Joshua: A Devotional Exposition - Page 135) Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary - Verses 1-9. The wonders God wrought for the Israelites were to encourage them to act vigorously themselves. Thus the war against Satan's kingdom, carried on by preaching the gospel, was at first forwarded by miracles; but being fully proved to be of God, we are now left to the Divine grace in the usual course, in the use of the sword of the Spirit. God encouraged Joshua. Fresh dangers and difficulties make it necessary to seek fresh supports from the word of God, which we have nigh unto us for use in every time of need. God proportions our trials to our strength, and our strength to our trials. Joshua's obedience in destroying the horses and chariots, shows his self-denial in compliance with God's command. The possession of things on which the carnal heart is prone to depend, is hurtful to the life of faith, and the walk with God; therefore it is better to be without worldly advantages, than to have the soul endangered by them. Holman Bible Dictionary - Jabin king of Hazor Personal name meaning, “he understands.” King of Hazor (Joshua 11:1; Judges 4:1; Psalm 83:10 ). Leader of northern coalition of kings who attacked Joshua at the water of Merom and met their death (compare Joshua 12:19-24 ). Jabin, king of Hazor, controlled the Israelites when they turned away from God at Ehud's death (Judges 4:1-2 ). The biblical writer referred to him as “King of Canaan,” a title representing his strong power in the northern part of the country, but a title kings of the other Canaanite city states probably would have strongly contested, since Canaan lacked political unity in that period. Jabin does not act in the story of Judges 4:1; rather Sisera, his general, represents him and is killed, leading to Jabin's loss of power. This Jabin must certainly be differentiated from the one Joshua fought, leading to the assumption by many scholars that a dynasty of kings in Hazor carried the name Jabin. Some have gone so far to identify him with Ibni-Adad, who appears in Near Eastern documents from Mari. ISBE on Hazor - The royal city of Jabin (Joshua 11:1), which, before the Israelite conquest, seems to have been the seat of a wide authority (Joshua 11:11). It was taken by Joshua, who exterminated the inhabitants, and it was the only city in that region which he destroyed by fire (Josh 11:11-13). At a later time the Jabin Dynasty appears to have recovered power and restored the city (Judges 4:2). The heavy defeat of their army at the hands of Deborah and Barak led to their final downfall (Judges 4:23). It was in the territory allotted to Naphtali (Joshua 19:36). Hazor was one of the cities for the fortification of which Solomon raised a levy (1 Kings 9:15). Along with other cities in Galilee, it was taken by Tiglath-pileser III (2 Kings 15:29). In the plain of Hazor, Jonathan the Maccabee gained a great victory over Demetrius (1 Maccabees 11:67). In Tobit 12 it is called "Asher" Septuagint Aser), and Kedesh is said to be "above" it. Josephus (Ant., V, v, 1) says that Hazor was situated over the lake, Semechonitis, which he evidently identifies with the Waters of Merom (Joshua 11:13). It must clearly be sought on the heights West of el-Chuleh. Several identifications have been suggested, but no certain conclusion can be reached. Some (Wilson and Guerin) favor Tell Harreh to the Southeast of Qedes, where there are extensive ruins. Robinson thought of Tell Khureibeh, 2 1/2 miles South of Qedes, where, however, there are no ruins. We may take it as certain that the ancient name of Hazor is preserved in Merj el-Chadireh, Southwest of Qedes, and North of Wady `Uba, and in Jebel Chadireh, East of the Merj, although it has evidently drifted from the original site, as names have so often done in Palestine. Conder suggests a possible identification with Chazzur, farther South, "at the foot of the chain of Upper Galilee. in position more appropriate to the use of the chariots that belonged to the king of Hazor" H A
Josué 11
Barber points out that "Joshua and the army of Israel must have been very close to the waters of Merom for the Lord to promise victory the next day, for Merom was upwards of 70 miles from Gilgal. We are justified in concluding that when information of the alliance of Canaanites reached Joshua, and before the Lord spoke to reassure him, Joshua had already marched north with all his men of war." (See Joshua: A Devotional Exposition - Page 135) I will deliver (Lxx = paradidomi) all of them slain before Israel - This "I will" was music to Joshua's ears! It was a verbal affirmation of God's sovereign power and His promise to give Israel the land. God said it and Joshua believed it, even in face of overwhelming odds. He knew that one plus God was always a "majority!" Notice the quantitation of "all of them slain," exactly what transpired in Joshua 11:8. God's promises are always trustworthy and will always be completely fulfilled. Indeed, shortly before his death Joshua would be able to testify Not one of the good promises which the LORD had made to the house of Israel failed; all came to pass. (Joshua 21:45+) “Now behold, today I am going the way of all the earth, and you know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one word of all the good words which the LORD your God spoke concerning you has failed; all have been fulfilled for you, not one of them has failed. (Joshua 23:14+) You shall hamstring their horses and burn their chariots with fire - This verse would be banned by the SPCA! But God says they must cripple the horses and consume the chariots. A hamstrung horse was no good in warfare and could not pull a chariot. Note the "I will" and "you shall," God's part, man's part. There is another element at play here -- Israel was not to capture either the horses or the chariots, with the aim to secure an advantage. They were to remain dependent on Yahweh and His presence, plans and power, not their own human ingenuity. This reminds me of the words of David that "Some boast in chariots and some in horses, but we will boast in the Name (His attributes, character, etc) of the LORD, our God." (Ps 20:7, cf 1Co 1:31) (COMPARE WORDS IN ISAIAH) Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help And rely on horses, And trust in chariots because they are many And in horsemen because they are very strong, But they do not look to the Holy One of Israel, nor seek the LORD! (Isaiah 31:1) Campbell offers another explanation asking "why did God command such drastic action, burning the chariots and hamstringing the horses? Because the Canaanites used horses in their pagan worship (and so later did Judah; cf. 2 Kings 23:11)." (BORROW The Bible Knowledge Commentary Old Testament)
Josué 11
Barber has an interesting comment - Summary of the Conquest, Joshua 11:16–12:24 The verses contained in this section of the book of Joshua can be likened to a travelog such as is seen at the beginning of documentaries of the National Geographic Society or programs on the Discovery or History channels. These programs often begin with an overview—an eagle’s eye view over the terrain in which the events took place—and this sets the stage for what is to follow. It is excellent pedagogical methodology! (See Joshua: A Devotional Exposition - Page 135) Thus Joshua took all that land: the hill country and all the Negev, (see map) all that land of Goshen, the lowland, the Arabah (see map), the hill country of Israel and its lowland (shephelah - see nice cross-sectional maps) - This overview of what Israel had accomplished begins in the south and moves northward. And notice that the writer refers to the hill country as the hill country of Israel! And in Joshua 11:22 he calls the land, the land of the sons of Israel! Clearly Israel was finally in possession of her promised possessions!