Marcos 15
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
Marcos 15
Wiersbe adds that "The Gospel of John records seven different moves that Pilate made as he went out to meet the people and then went in to question Jesus (see passages below). He kept looking for a loophole, but he found none. Pilate has gone down in history as the man who tried Jesus Christ, three times declared Him not guilty, and yet crucified Him just the same." (Bible Exposition Commentary) James M
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Wiersbe - But Jesus still answered nothing, so that Pilate marveled. MARK 15:5 To everything there is a season,” King Solomon wrote, “a time for every purpose under heaven,” and he included in his list “a time to keep silence, and a time to speak” (Eccles. 3:1, 7). Most of us can recall times when we should have spoken up and did not and also times when we should have kept quiet but spoke up. Jesus knew how to handle both of these disciplines, and we clearly see him doing it during his so-called trials after his arrest. Jesus was silent before his accusers. The Jewish religious leaders—the chief priests, the elders, scribes, and council—were determined to kill Jesus and even enlisted false witnesses to strengthen their case. These same people accused Jesus when he stood before Pilate, but he did not answer the accusers or defend himself. When the high priest put Jesus under oath, he admitted that he was indeed the Son of God (Matt. 26:62–64), but he never responded to the accusations of the leaders. This fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah, “He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth” (Isa. 53:7). “And while He was being accused by the chief priests and elders, He answered nothing” (Matt. 27:12). The Good Shepherd was being treated like a lamb in the slaughterhouse. In a few hours, he would lay down his life for the sheep. All who follow Jesus will on some occasion be falsely accused even as he was; like he did, let’s allow God to control our speech and bless our silence. Jesus was silent before King Herod (Luke 23:6–12). Pilate the politician, trying to escape making a decision about Jesus, sent him to Herod Antipas, the man who had ordered the execution of John the Baptist. Herod was anxious to meet Jesus and hoped to see him do a miracle, but Jesus said nothing to Herod and did nothing for Herod. Jesus was not a religious entertainer. When Herod had killed John the Baptist, he had silenced the voice of God. Herod had listened to John speak but had not obeyed the Word of God, and according to King David, when God keeps silence, it’s like our going down into the pit of death (Ps. 28:1). God’s Word is alive and powerful (Heb. 4:12), and if we believe and obey, it imparts life, but if we reject it, it brings death. Moses and Aaron brought God’s living Word to Pharaoh in Egypt, but he would not listen; death came to the land. We who are children of God must obey him, or he may not speak to us and our sin will “kill” our witness and our service, and, if we don’t repent, may also kill us. “There is sin leading to death” (1 John 5:16). Jesus was silent before Pilate (John 19:9). Yes, Jesus answered some of Pilate’s questions, but when asked, “Where are you from?” Jesus gave no reply. The thing that frightened Pilate was our Lord’s claim that he was the Son of God, the Ruler over a special kingdom. Pilate was a good politician but a poor theologian, and could not understand that Jesus ruled over a spiritual kingdom that came from heaven, a kingdom that one day would destroy the Roman Empire. Rome succeeded by murder, lies, and oppressive authority, but Jesus ruled through life, truth, and loving authority. Like most world leaders today, Pilate could not understand that at all. Through his Word and by his Spirit, God is speaking to his church today. Are we listening? “He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches” is found seven times in the last book of the Bible! My soul, wait silently for God alone. Psalm 62:5 Mark 15:6 Now at the feast he used to release for them any one prisoner whom they requested. NET Mark 15:6 During the feast it was customary to release one prisoner to the people, whomever they requested. NLT Mark 15:6 Now it was the governor's custom each year during the Passover celebration to release one prisoner-- anyone the people requested. ESV Mark 15:6 Now at the feast he used to release for them one prisoner for whom they asked. NIV Mark 15:6 Now it was the custom at the Feast to release a prisoner whom the people requested. GNT Mark 15:6 Κατὰ δὲ ἑορτὴν ἀπέλυεν αὐτοῖς ἕνα δέσμιον ὃν παρῃτοῦντο. Mt 26:2,5 27:15 Lu 23:16,17 Joh 18:39,40 Ac 24:27 25:9 Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries See Table with Parallel Passages to Mark 15:1ff See Table with Parallel Passages to Mark 15 Related Passages: Matthew 27:15 Now at the feast the governor was accustomed to release for the people any one prisoner whom they wanted. Luke 23:17 [Now he was obliged to release to them at the feast one prisoner.] John 18:39 “But you have a custom that I release someone for you at the Passover; do you wish then that I release for you the King of the Jews?” 40 So they cried out again, saying, “Not this Man, but Barabbas.” Now Barabbas was a robber. THIRD PHASE OF ROMAN TRIAL BEFORE PILATE Mark totally omits mention of the second phase of the Roman Trial before Herod Antipas (recorded only in Luke 23:6-12+ - see above for table summarizing the "Six Mock Trials"), the murderer of John the Baptist. Akin - These are some of the most ironic verses (v6-14) in all of the Bible. The true Son of the Father, sinless and innocent, will be beaten and crucified. The other son of the Father, Barabbas, sinful and guilty, will be set free because Jesus became his substitute! The sovereign providence and plan of God could not be more clearly on display. Now at the feast he used to release for them any one prisoner whom they requested - Pilate now had a problem. He knew Jesus was not guilty. Herod Antipas had not helped him because he provided no guilty verdict. He did not to offend the Jews. So he seems to hope that this "tradition" of releasing a prisoner will placate the Jews. Little did he know that they wanted Jesus dead not freed. John
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Wiersbe - The scourge was a leather whip, knotted and weighted with pieces of metal or bone; and many a prisoner never survived the whipping. It pains us to think that the sinless Son of God was subjected to such cruelty. He was innocent, yet He was treated as though He were guilty; and He did it for us....Sin had brought thorns and thistles into the world (Ge 3:17-19+), so it was only fitting that the Creator wear a crown of thorns as He bore the sins of the world on the cross. The very metal He had created and placed in the ground was used to make nails to pound through His hands and feet. (Ibid) THE DAY THE LORD JESUS DIED Mark 15:15–31 Isaiah 53:3–5 There have been great days in the history of the world, but the greatest was the day the Lord Jesus died. Never again will there be a day as dark or a day as bright as that one. Let us notice three things about that day. I. It was a day of darkness. A. For those who crucified the Saviour. 1. They were in darkness as to what they were doing; Luke 23:33, 34. 2. They were in darkness as to the judgment that was theirs; Luke 13:3, 5. B. For Judas Iscariot, who went out forever from the presence and blessing of the Saviour; Matt. 27:3–10; Acts 1:25. C. For the only begotten Son. He bore our sins, and His Father, who cannot look upon sin, turned His back upon the Son; Rom. 6:23a; Matt. 27:46. II. It was an unusual day. A. It was a day of wrath for the pious religionists who demanded that the Lord Jesus be crucified; Mark 15:10–14. B. It was a day of judgment for the Lord Jesus Christ, who was judged by God for the sins of every repentant, believing sinner; Rom. 5:8; 2 Cor. 5:21. C. It was a day of grace for those who trusted Christ to save them; John 3:16–18; Luke 23:34. III. It was a day of salvation. A. For the “moral sinner”; John 3:16. B. For the immoral sinner; John 3:17. C. For the believing sinner; John 3:18. The most infamous act ever performed by man was the crucifixion of the Saviour. However, if the Lord Jesus had not died, then believing sinners could not live spiritually for time and eternity, for salvation is through the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ, who shed His blood for sinners (1 John 1:7–9). Is the Lord Jesus your Saviour? If He is not, I invite you now to receive Him as your personal Saviour. Adapted from Raymond Bugg Oswald Chambers - And so Pilate, willing to content the people, released Barabbas unto them, and delivered Jesus, when he had scourged him, to be crucified. —Mark 15:15 PILATE ALWAYS SOUGHT HIS OWN interests. That type of person is known to us even today. People belong to certain churches because it is better for their business. This sort of unsaved person acts from this point of view: “If it is Jesus Christ’s gospel that is rising in power, then I will use it to serve my own needs.” But bring that person face to face with Christ, and he will be unable to ignore the fact that Christ would make certain claims upon his life. False teachers of religion are deceiving thousands of people by bending the gospel to suit their own purposes. And in this regard, the human mind is ready to be deceived. If you can teach someone how to ignore sin, he will listen to you. If you can tell him how to ignore the possibility of judgment for his wrongdoing, he will listen to you. This is why the cults of deception are so popular—not because they are true, but because they alter the truth to suit the carnal desires of mankind. May God have mercy on the deceived and on the deceivers! TODAY IN THE WORD - Mark 15:6–11 Set Free for What? A Sinner Named Barabbas So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. John 8:36 The story is told about two men who were identical twins. They shared DNA, and they were both raised by their father who was a violent alcoholic. After each of the young men left home, their lives took dramatically different paths. One chose to stay away from alcohol, attended college, got married, landed a good job and started a family. His brother, however, was also an alcoholic like their father. He was kicked out of college for failing grades and poor behavior. Unable to hold a job, this second brother continued to suffer physically, socially, emotionally, and spiritually. When asked about the choices he had made in life, both twins gave the same response: “Given what I grew up with, how could I choose anything else?” When Pontius Pilate released a prisoner named Barabbas, this man found himself suddenly spared from a death sentence. Pilate, who recognized that Jesus was innocent and that the chief priests were motivated by their own self-interest, had authorized the release of one prisoner to the crowds. In accordance with the custom, Pilate suggested releasing Jesus. The crowd, however, now bloodthirsty for Jesus, demanded another man for release: a violent prisoner named Barabbas, who was part of a murderous group of insurrectionists. What, then, became of Barabbas? The Gospels don’t tell us the rest of his story, so we don’t know how he responded to his second chance at life. Did he continue a cycle of violence? Or did he see that Jesus provided him with an opportunity at not just physical life but also spiritual life? In this way, the story of Barabbas challenges us to consider how we respond to the offer of new life through Jesus Christ. MARK 15:15 READ: Mark 15:1-15 POLITICIANS sometimes decide issues on the basis of majority opinion rather than of principles of right and wrong. Some time ago a state governor declared that he personally believes abortion is wrong but that as a public official he would support the will of the majority. Pilate acted in much the same way regarding Jesus. Although he knew there was no truth in the charges leveled against Christ, he caved in to the pressure of the crowd. Consequently, his name is recorded in infamy. Few of us are in the position of appointed and elected officials who must please the majority to keep our jobs. Yet we are subject to the same kind of pressure. Lord, give me the courage to stand up for what is good and the strength to resist all temptations that might cause myself or others to sin. MAJORITY PRESSURE Pilate, wanting to gratify the crowd, released Barabbas to them; and he delivered Jesus ... to be crucified. - Mark 15:15 Unless we rely on God's power within us, we will yield to the pressures around us. Mark 15:16 The soldiers took Him away into the palace (that is, the Praetorium), and they called together the whole Roman cohort. the soldiers: Mt 27:27 Praetorium. Joh 18:28 19:9 Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Isaiah 52:14-53:8+ Just as many were astonished at you, My people, So His appearance was marred more than any man And His form more than the sons of men. 15 Thus He will sprinkle many nations, Kings will shut their mouths on account of Him; For what had not been told them they will see, And what they had not heard they will understand. 1 Who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? 2 For He grew up before Him like a tender shoot, And like a root out of parched ground; He has no stately form or majesty That we should look upon Him, Nor appearance that we should be attracted to Him. 3 He was despised and forsaken of men, A man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; And like one from whom men hide their face He was despised, and we did not esteem Him. 4 Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed. 6 All of us like sheep have gone astray, Each of us has turned to his own way; But the LORD has caused the iniquity of us all To fall on Him. 7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He did not open His mouth; Like a lamb that is led to slaughter, And like a sheep that is silent before its shearers, So He did not open His mouth. 8 By oppression and judgment He was taken away; And as for His generation, who considered That He was cut off out of the land of the living For the transgression of my people, to whom the stroke was due? Matthew 27:27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the Praetorium and gathered the whole Roman cohort around Him. JESUS BEFORE THE ROMAN SOLDIERS John MacArthur prefaces the shameful scorn of Jesus Christ in Mark 15:16-32 writing "The four gospels are markedly restrained in their description of the physical torments Christ endured. In a day when crucifixion was a common form of capital punishment, detailed descriptions of its horrors were unnecessary since the sight of that torture was burned into the memories of everyone. What is emphasized by the New Testament writers, instead, is the irreverent mockery hurled at Jesus throughout His trial and execution. From the courtyard of Caiaphas to the judgment hall of Pilate to the cross itself, the Son of God was repeatedly treated with unrestrained scorn and derision. The blasphemous cruelty of Jesus’ enemies stands in stunning contrast to the infinite mercy and grace of God, who allowed His Son to suffer unspeakable humiliation and death in order to save sinners, including blasphemers and murderers (1 Tim. 1:12–15; cf. Acts 2:36–38; 3:14–16; 4:10–12)....In describing the crucifixion of Christ in this section (15:16–32), Mark focuses on the blasphemous scoffers who derided the Lord Jesus as He was taken from Pilate’s judgment hall to the cross. Against the backdrop of the soldiers’ comedic parody and the sneering participants, the suffering Savior is seen ingloriously enduring the punishment for sin in obedience to His Father’s will (cf. Phil. 2:8)." (SEE Mark Commentary) The soldiers took Him away into the palace (that is, the Praetorium praitorion) - These soldiers were presumably those on duty as Pilate's bodyguard. "The governor's residence (Grk "praetorium") was the Roman governor's official residence. The one in Jerusalem may have been Herod's palace in the western part of the city, or the fortress Antonia northwest of the temple area." (NET Note) Gilbrant notes that "Evidently the scourging had been inflicted outside publicly—perhaps intended by Pilate to evoke some sense of compassion and soften the Jews' attitude toward Jesus. From Thursday night to Friday noon, Jesus was "led" at least 10 times, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy (Isaiah 53:7). (Complete Biblical Library) And they called together (sugkaleo) the whole Roman cohort (speira)- They presumably refers to the soldiers who transported Jesus into the Praetorium. Matthew's version says the whole Roman cohort gathered around Him (Mt 27:27). It is as if they perceive Jesus as some sort of spectacle for their sadistic entertainment as they proceed to mock Him in the following passages (these men likely were used to seeing cruel in the gruesome events in the Roman Coliseum where gladiators would fight to the death). While the number of Roman soldiers could have been as many as 600, it at least refers to those who were on duty in Jerusalem. Praetorian (See diagram)(4232)(praitorion from Latin praetorium) refers to a detachment of soldiers serving as the palace guard. Praetorium was originally the praetor’s tent in camp, with its surroundings. .Originally, general’s tent. In the Roman provinces it was the name for the official residence of the Roman governor, as in this passage in Mark (only use in Mark). Cp Ac23:35. It came to be applied to any spacious villa or palace. So Juvenal: “To their crimes they are indebted for their gardens, palaces (proetoria), etc.”). In Rome the term was applied to the proetorian guard, or imperial bodyguard. Zodhiates - In the NT a governor’s house, palace. Spoken of the great and magnificent palace of Herod at Jerusalem built at the northern part of the upper city, westward of the temple and overlooking it, to which there was also access from the palace over the open place called Xystus, and a bridge across the Cheesemongers’ Valley or Tyropoieion Valley. With the palace were connected the three towers Hippias, Phasael, and Mariamne. In this palace the Roman procurators, whose headquarters were probably at Caesarea Maritime (Acts 23:23; 25:1), took up their residence when they visited Jerusalem. This was their tribunal (bema - see Mt 27:19, John 19:13) which was set up in the area of the open court before it (John 18:28, 33; 19:9). In Matt. 27:27; Mark 15:16, it seems to refer to the court or part of the palace where the procurator’s guards were stationed." Cohort (4686)(speira) was a Roman military technical term for the tenth part of a legion, normally containing 600 troops (Acts 10.1). Speira also could refer to a detachment of soldiers as in a troop, band or company (Jn 18.3) Gilbrant - In its earliest occurrences in classical Greek speira described anything “twisted or wound around or together” (Liddell-Scott). Thus it could be used of a “band” of men, a tactical unit of soldiers. In classical usage it can also denote the coils of a serpent, a mode of hairdressing, a knot in wood, etc. However, a “cohort” is its only meaning in the New Testament, a translation of the Latin cohors. (In other Greek literature speira also represents manipulus, one-third of a cohort.) The “cohort” in the regular Roman legions typically had 600 men but could number as many as 1,000 in the auxiliary forces (all New Testament references, apparently; see Bruce, New International Commentary on the New Testament, Acts, p.202). One “cohort” was stationed in Jerusalem while Judea was a Roman province. This cohort was active in the arrest of Jesus (John 18:3,12), in His crucifixion (Matthew 27:27; Mark 15:16), and in the arrest of Paul (Acts 21:31). Two other “cohorts” are mentioned by name: one originally made up of volunteers recruited in Italy (Acts 10:1), the other (Acts 27:1) wearing the name of Emperor Augustus, “a title of honor bestowed on select cohort (Complete Biblical Library) Called together (4779) sugkaleo from sun/syn = together more intimate than "meta" + kaleo = to call) in the active voice means to call together. To convene. THE FOUR EPISODES OF MOCKING THE KING OF KINGS TRIAL REFERENCE MOCKING/ABUSIVE ACTIONS Second Religious Trial Before Caiaphas Mt 26:57,67-68+ Lk 22:54, 63-65+ Spat in face, beat, slapped, told to prophesy who hit Him Beating, blindfolded and told to prophesy, blaspheming Second Civil Trial Before Herod Lk 23:8-12+ Treated with contempt Mocking Him Dressed in gorgeous robe Third Civil Trial Before Pilate Mt 27:27-31+ Mk 15:16-20+ Jn 19:1-3+ Stripped, put scarlet/purple robe Wove crown of thorns & put on His head Reed in right hand Beating head with reed Spitting on Him Kneeling and bowing down Acclaiming "Hail, King of the Jews" Slaps to face On the Cross Mt 27:39-44+ Mk 15:29-32+ Luke 23:35-37+ Lk 23:39+ Mt 27:49+ Hurling abuse, wagging their heads If you are the Son of God come down from the cross Religious leaders mocking and sneering - cannot save Himself King come down from the cross & we will believe He trusts in God, let God deliver Him Soldiers mocked Him “If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself!” Robbers casting same insult - Are you the Christ? Save Yourself and us “Let us see whether Elijah will come to save Him.” Virtue Exemplified Christ also suffered for us, leaving us an example, that you should follow His steps. —1 Peter 2:21 Today's Scripture: Mark 15:16-20 In the late 1940s, a young mother was stricken with polio and became an invalid. She astounded people by the way she accepted her affliction and ran her household from her bed. Her brother-in-law said to me, “I have heard a lot of talk about ‘supernatural grace,’ but I never knew what it was until I saw it shining through her.” We often do not know the full meaning of a virtue until we see it lived out in a person’s life. Think of how Jesus responded when the soldiers mistreated Him. They pressed a crown of thorns into His head, struck Him repeatedly, and mocked Him by clothing Him in a purple robe and bowing before Him in jest (Mark 15:16-20). They were unaware that He had the power to kill every one of them by speaking a single word. About 35 years later, Peter vividly remembered that scene. He told his readers that Christ had set an example for them as they faced persecution (1 Peter 2:18-25). In Jesus, God became a flesh-and-blood human being to show what He is like. Because Jesus lives in us by His Spirit, He expects us to exemplify His goodness and grace. The difficulties in our lives, The obstacles we face, Provide the opportunity To show God's power and grace. —Sper God's love is the blessing in every trial. Mark 15:17 They dressed Him up in purple, and after twisting a crown of thorns, they put it on Him; NET Mark 15:17 They put a purple cloak on him and after braiding a crown of thorns, they put it on him. NLT Mark 15:17 They dressed him in a purple robe, and they wove thorn branches into a crown and put it on his head. ESV Mark 15:17 And they clothed him in a purple cloak, and twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on him. NIV Mark 15:17 They put a purple robe on him, then twisted together a crown of thorns and set it on him. Mt 27:28-30 Lu 23:11 John 19:2-5 James Stalker - The Crown of Thorns - Mark 15 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 27:28-30+ (They stripped Him and put a scarlet robe on Him. 29 And after twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and a reed in His right hand; and they knelt down before Him and mocked Him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!” Luke 23:11+ And Herod with his soldiers, after treating Him with contempt and mocking Him, dressed Him in a gorgeous robe and sent Him back to Pilate. John 19:2+ And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and put it on His head, and put a purple robe on Him; ROMAN SOLDIERS MOCK THE KING OF KINGS They dressed Him up in purple (porphura), and after twisting (pleko) a crown (stephanos) of thorns, they put it on Him - Keep in mind Jesus was already bruised and bleeding from previous beatings (Mk 14:64–65+). In addition Jesus' ripped flesh on His back was bleeding profusely from the wounds inflicted by scourging (Mk 15:15) Matthew adds that "they stripped Him and put a scarlet (kokkinos) robe on Him." (Mt 27:28+) Mark has purple, Matthew has scarlet for the color "purple" (porphura) varied from scarlet red to deep blue, depending on the variety of shell fish from which the dye was obtained. This is likely a reference to the scarlet colored mantle that comprised part of a Roman soldier’s uniform. Matthew adds they put "a reed in His right hand." (Mt 27:29+). John
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Wiersbe says, “all Creation sympathized with the Creator as He suffered” (Be Diligent, 148). Might the Jews have remembered the 9th plague in Egypt was a 3 day period of darkness followed by the final plague, the death of the firstborn (Ex. 10:22-11:9)? Wiersbe again notes, “The darkness of Calvary was an announcement that God’s firstborn and Beloved Son, the Lamb of God, was giving His life for the sins of the world!” (148-149) Gilbrant - The darkness was a visible sign of God's judgment on sin (cf. Exodus 10:21f.+). While His blood was being shed, Jesus was under the curse (Galatians 3:13, 14), having become, by imputation, the sin offering for all men (2 Corinthians 5:21), thus receiving the wages of sin (Romans 6:23; Isaiah 53:5, 6). (Complete Biblical Library)