Daniel 12
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
Daniel 12
Wiersbe explains how the Gentiles will be affected during this time noting that "While the Tribulation period is a time for punishing the Gentile nations for the way they have sinned against the Jews (Joel 3:2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8+), it's also a time for sifting and purging Israel and preparing the Jews for the return of their Messiah (Amos 9:9, 10, 11, 12+). (Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament. Victor) Distress (06869) (tsarah) literally conveys the idea of something which is narrow, tight or confining and figuratively describes distress (great pain, anguish or suffering affecting the body or mind), trouble (Disturbance of mind; agitation; commotion of spirits; perplexity), affliction (a state of pain, distress, or grief), anguish (extreme pain or misery, mental or physical torture, agony) Tsarah - 71x in 70v in the NAS = affliction(1), anguish(2), distress(34), distresses(1), trouble(22), troubles(11) Ge 35:3; 42:21; Dt 31:17, 21; Jdg 10:14; 1Sa 10:19; 26:24; 2Sa 4:9; 1Kgs 1:29; 2Kgs 19:3; 2Chr 15:6; 20:9; Neh 9:27, 37; Job 5:19; 27:9; Ps 9:9; 10:1; 20:1; 22:11; 25:17, 22; 31:7; 34:6, 17; 37:39; 46:1; 50:15; 54:7; 71:20; 77:2; 78:49; 81:7; 86:7; 91:15; 116:3; 120:1; 138:7; 142:2; 143:11; Pr 1:27; 11:8; 12:13; 21:23; 24:10; 25:19; Isa 8:22; 30:6; 33:2; 37:3; 46:7; 63:9; 65:16; Jer 4:31; 6:24; 14:8; 15:11; 16:19; 30:7; 49:24; 50:43; Da 12:1; Obad 1:12, 14; Jonah 2:2; Nah 1:7, 9; Hab 3:16; Zeph 1:15; Zech 10:11. In the Septuagint (LXX), tsarah is translated with the Greek word thlipsis a term which originally expressed sheer, physical pressure, as when pressing grapes. It conveys the idea of being squeezed or placed under pressure or crushed beneath a weight. When, according to the ancient law of England, those who willfully refused to plead guilty, had heavy weights placed on their breasts, and were pressed and crushed to death, this was literally thlipsis. Figuratively thlipsis pictures one being "crushed" by intense pressure, difficult circumstances, suffering or trouble pressing upon them from without. Thus persecution, affliction, distress, opposition or tribulation, all press hard on one's soul. Thlipsis does not refer to mild discomfort but to great difficulty. In Scripture thlipsis is most often used of outward difficulties, but it is also used of emotional stress and sorrows which "weighs down" a man’s spirit like the sorrows and burden his heart. Thlipsis then includes the disappointments which can "crush the life" out of the one who is afflicted. The English word "tribulation" is derived from the Latin word tribulum (literally a thing with teeth that tears), which was a heavy piece of timber with spikes in it, used for threshing the corn or grain. The tribulum was drawn over the grain and it separated the wheat from the chaff. As believers experience the "tribulum" of tribulations, and depend on God’s grace, the trials purify us and rid us of the chaff. John
Daniel 12
Wiersbe adds that: When we find ourselves confronted by disease, disappointment, delay, and even death, our only encouragement is the Word of God. (Commentary on John - see John 11:1-16) There’s a great day coming, a great day coming - Dear reader "Are you ready?" The only way to "be ready" is to believe in Jesus Christ (Acts 16:31+), confessing Him as Lord (Ro 10:9-10+) and living out your faith (see Relationship of faith and obedience or Obedience of faith). There’s a great day coming by and by, When the saints and the sinners shall be parted right and left, Are you ready for that day to come? Are you ready? Are you ready? Are you ready for the judgment day? Are you ready? Are you ready? For the judgment day? (Play - There’s a Great Day Coming) (Play Acapella Version) But - Term of contrast. In this case the contrast marks the "great divide" between the righteous (saved) and the unrighteous (unsaved). (cf Ps 1:4-6+, Mt 7:13-14+, Mt 7:24-27+) But the others - This is surely one of the more dramatic adversative conjunctions ("but's") in Scripture, for here we see the eternal fates of every person ever born clearly contrasted. There is no "in between" eternal state of existence. See eternal punishment. Disgrace (02781) (cherpah) means reproach, contempt, insult, scorn, taunt. The reproach can be part of God's judgment (Ps 79:4, Ezek 5:15, Micah 6:9-16) and was often brought on Israel because of her sin and idolatry (Ps 44:13, Ezek 5:5-17, Ezek 22:4). Webster's dictionary says that disgrace is a state of being out of favor; disfavor; disesteem; as, the minister retired from court in disgrace. As state of ignominy; dishonor; shame. A cause of shame. Disgrace is the the state or condition of suffering loss of esteem and of enduring reproach and often implies humiliation and sometimes ostracism (banishment, expulsion, separation!). Cherpah/herpah - 73x in 72v in NAS - contempt(1), disgrace(5), reproach(60), reproaches(2), scorn(3), shame(1), taunting(1). Ge 30:23; 34:14; Josh 5:9; 1Sa 11:2; 17:26; 25:39; 2Sa 13:13; Neh 1:3; 2:17; 4:4; 5:9; Job 16:10; 19:5; Ps 15:3; 22:6; 31:11; 39:8; 44:13; 69:7, 9f, 19f; 71:13; 74:22; 78:66; 79:4, 12; 89:41, 50; 109:25; 119:22, 39; Pr 6:33; 18:3; Isa 4:1; 25:8; 30:5; 47:3; 51:7; 54:4; Jer 6:10; 15:15; 20:8; 23:40; 24:9; 29:18; 31:19; 42:18; 44:8, 12; 49:13; 51:51; Lam 3:30, 61; 5:1; Ezek 5:14f; 16:57; 21:28; 22:4; 36:15, 30; Dan 9:16; 11:18; 12:2; Hos 12:14; Joel 2:17, 19; Mic 6:16; Zeph 2:8; 3:18. Contempt (01860) is the Hebrew word dera'own which is used only twice in Scripture, here in Daniel 12:2 and in the last passage of the book of Isaiah, where Jehovah Himself decrees… Then they (believers, those experiencing everlasting life) shall go forth and look on the corpses of the men who have transgressed against Me (Those who rejected God's free gift of salvation). For their worm shall not die, and their fire shall not be quenched; and they shall be an abhorrence to all mankind. (Isaiah 66:24) Morris offers these interesting thoughts: The Lord Jesus used this terminology in describing the awful nature of eternal hell, the lake of fire (Mark 9:42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48), the ultimate fate of all who die without Christ (Rev 20:11, 12, 13, 14, 15-note). This verse intimates that redeemed men and women will somehow be able to view the sufferings of the lost in that distant corner of the universe (which certainly cannot be on the new earth) in order to contemplate the magnificence of salvation. This probably will only be a one-time viewing, for soon "the former shall not be remembered, nor come into mind" (Isaiah 65:17). THE TWO GENERAL BODILY RESURRECTIONS In order to better understand the meaning of the resurrection in Daniel 12:2, it is necessary to briefly summarize the two categories of resurrection in Scripture. In the gospel of John, Jesus taught there were two general categories of resurrection, one of believers and one of unbelievers… Do not marvel at this; for an hour is coming, in which all who are in the tombs shall hear His voice, and shall come forth; those who did the good deeds (good deeds do not save but are evidence of genuine saving faith in Christ - faith is the "root" and "good deeds" are the "fruit" - cf Eph 2:8, 9-note = the "root" and Eph 2:10-note = the "fruit") to a resurrection of life, those who committed the evil deeds to a resurrection of judgment. (John 5:28, 29) Comment: From the following schematic timeline you will notice that the resurrection of unbelievers follows the last identifiable resurrection of believers by 1000 years, assuming one interprets the 1000 years of Revelation 20 literally. In 1Corinthians 15, the "Resurrection Chapter", Paul gives us the prototype for all subsequent resurrections of believers, explaining that… now Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who are asleep. (1Cor 15:20) Comment: In Leviticus 23:10-14,11+, the First Fruits of grain harvested were offered by the priests to Jehovah as a sign and a promise of a greater harvest to come. In the same way, Christ's resurrection as the "first fruits" assures that all those who have placed their faith in Him will be part of the first resurrection, which is the greater harvest of all believers, both OT and NT. The exception is those believers who are alive when Christ returns to Rapture the Church for they will not experience physical death and will not require bodily resurrection. In Revelation 20, John uses the term first resurrection writing… Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; over these the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years. (Rev 20:6+) Study the schematic timeline below and note that there are two general categories of resurrections. Then read the explanatory notes that follow. THE TWO RESURRECTIONS (3) 1st Resurrection The Two Witnesses Raised at Mid-Tribulation | V (1) 1st Resurrection Christ the First Fruits On the 3rd Day (Lev 23:10-11+, 1Co 15:20+) (2) 1st Resurrection Believers at Rapture Pre-tribulation (1Th 4:13-18+) (4) 1st Resurrection a) Believers Martyred in Tribulation b) OT Saints Preceding 1000 yr (Rev 20:4-5+) (5) 2nd Resurrection Non Believers End of 1000 yr (Rev 20:11-15+) GAP 2010 + x Years 7 Years 1000 Years Cross The Church Age Tribulation* Millennium *Note: The word "Tribulation" is never specifically used in Scripture to designate the last 7 years, Daniel's 70th week, but will be used in these notes because the term is so firmly entrenched in Christian jargon. EXPLANATORY NOTES: The First Resurrection concerns only believers and is composed of several distinct "stages" at different times. Note that all believers (not just saints martyred during the Great Tribulation) will reign with Christ in His Millennial Kingdom. The Second Resurrection deals only with unbelievers and occurs in a single "stage" or as a one time event. Both the First and Second Resurrections refer to physical or bodily resurrection, not spiritual resurrection. (1) The prototype resurrection forming the basis of the First Resurrection - Christ the first fruits of all subsequent resurrections of believers (1Co 15:20+, cf the "shadow" in Lev 23:10+) (2) The Second "stage" of the First Resurrection - Believers who have died during the Church Age will be resurrected at the time the Lord returns to Rapture His Bride, the Church. (1 Th 4:13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18+, 1Co 15:50, 51, 52, 53+, cp Jn 14:3+) (3) The Third "stage" of the First Resurrection - The two witnesses who are killed in Revelation 11 are raised and then went up to heaven (Re 11:11, 12+) (4a) The Fourth "stage" of the First Resurrection - After the Great Tribulation, believers who have been martyred will be resurrected to immortality (See notes regarding those who come out of Great Tribulation, some of which are undoubtedly martyred - Re 7:9+; Re 7:14+; see notes regarding saints martyred during the Great Tribulation some - Rev 20:4,5,6+) Notice especially "Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection; over these the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years." So not just those who were martyred will reign but all who believe in Christ in the NT will be resurrected and will reign with Christ (cf Rev 5:9-10+). (4b) The Fourth "stage" of the First Resurrection - After the time of Jacob's Distress or Trouble (= the Great Tribulation - Jer 30:7+), the Old Testament saints will also be resurrected (see OT descriptions of resurrection - Daniel 12:1, 2+, Da 12:13+, Isaiah 26:19, Job 19:26) What Biblical basis is there for placing the resurrection of OT saints at the end of the Great Tribulation, the time of Jacob's distress? Jeremiah gives us a clue writing… 'Alas! for that day (not a literal day but a 3.5 year period that corresponds to the Great Tribulation) is great, there is none like it; and it is the time of Jacob's distress (at which time there is a horrible period of persecution of Jews by the Satanically inspired and empowered Antichrist [Rev 13:4-5+, Rev 12:6, 14+], a "Jewish holocaust" the likes of which the world has never seen, but one that will be cut short by the return of the Messiah), But he (Israel, the believing remnant) will be saved from it. [cf "will be rescued" Da 12:1+] And it shall come about on that day (what day? the day of the Lord's return - see description beginning in Rev 19:11-21+),' declares the LORD of hosts, 'that I will break his yoke from off their neck, and will tear off their bonds; and strangers shall no longer make them their slaves. (To reiterate, this day corresponds to the return of the Lord, who defeats the Antichrist and all Gentile powers [Rev 19:15, 19, 20,21+] arrayed against God, His saints and Israel) But they (this refers to those Jews who come to saving faith in the time of Jacob's distress - see Ro 11:25, 26, 27+) shall serve the LORD their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up for them. (Jeremiah 30:7, 8, 9+) Comment: Note that these passages {also Ezekiel 37:24+} indicate that David himself will be resurrected and will actually reign over the earthly Israel during the millennial age. David's resurrection follows the defeat of the Gentiles at the end of the Great Tribulation which supports the premise that this period is the time when OT saints are resurrected. (5) The Second Resurrection - After the 1000 year Millennial Kingdom all of the unbelieving dead will be resurrected to stand before the Great White Throne judgment and since their names are not found written in the Book of Life, they will be cast into the Lake of fire, which constitutes the Second Death, eternal separation away from the glory of God. (Re 20:11-15+) THE SEVEN BODILY RESURRECTIONS IN SCRIPTURE Order Which Timing Who Description Scriptures 1 First The Third Day Jesus Christ The resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ, the “firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep.” Mt. 28:1-7 1Co 15:20 2 First Shortly after Christ’s Resurrection A Few Old Testament Saints At the earthquake attending the crucifixion, graves were opened. Shortly after the resurrection of Christ, these saints were raised.6 Mt 27:50, 51, 52, 53 3 First Before the Tribulation Church The resurrection of Church-age believers at the Rapture. 1Th 4:13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 1Co 15:50, 51, 52, 53 4 First Middle of the Tribulation Two Witnesses God’s two witnesses will be raised after being killed by The Beast. Rev 11:11,12 5 First After Jacob’s Trouble (After the Great Tribulation) OT Saints Old Testament saints will be resurrected to enter the Millennial Kingdom Da 12:1,2 Isa 26:19 Eze 37:13,14 6 First Beginning of Millennial Kingdom Tribulation Martyrs The Tribulation martyrs will be resurrected so that they can rule and reign with Christ. Rev 20:4; 20:5; 20:6 7 Second After 1000 Years of the Messianic Kingdom Unbelieving Dead (not found recorded in the Book of Life) End of the millennial reign of Christ, the final resurrection will consist of all unbelieving wicked dead who will be found guilty at the Great White Throne Judgment and cast into the Lake of Fire Rev 20:11; 20:12; 20:13; 20:14 20:15 Modified from Tony Garland's The Testimony of Jesus See related topic The Two Resurrections Daniel 12:3 "THOSE WHO HAVE INSIGHT WILL SHINE BRIGHTLY LIKE THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE EXPANSE OF HEAVEN, AND THOSE WHO LEAD THE MANY TO RIGHTEOUSNESS, LIKE THE STARS FOREVER AND EVER. BGT Daniel 12:3 καὶ οἱ συνιέντες φανοῦσιν ὡς φωστῆρες τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ οἱ κατισχύοντες τοὺς λόγους μου ὡσεὶ τὰ ἄστρα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος --- Daniel (TH) 12:3 καὶ οἱ συνιέντες ἐκλάμψουσιν ὡς ἡ λαμπρότης τοῦ στερεώματος καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαίων τῶν πολλῶν ὡς οἱ ἀστέρες εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας καὶ ἔτι NET Daniel 12:3 But the wise will shine like the brightness of the heavenly expanse. And those bringing many to righteousness will be like the stars forever and ever. LXE Daniel 12:3 And the wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament, and some of the many righteous as the stars for ever and ever. NLT Daniel 12:3 Those who are wise will shine as bright as the sky, and those who lead many to righteousness will shine like the stars forever. KJV Daniel 12:3 And they that be wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament; and they that turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. ESV Daniel 12:3 And those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the sky above; and those who turn many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever. CSB Daniel 12:3 Those who are wise will shine like the bright expanse of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever. NIV Daniel 12:3 Those who are wise will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever. NKJ Daniel 12:3 Those who are wise shall shine Like the brightness of the firmament, And those who turn many to righteousness Like the stars forever and ever. NRS Daniel 12:3 Those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the sky, and those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever. YLT Daniel 12:3 And those teaching do shine as the brightness of the expanse, and those justifying the multitude as stars to the age and for ever. Those that have insight: Da 11:33,35 Pr 11:30 Mt 24:45 1Co 3:10 2Pe 3:15) wise: Ac 13:1 Eph 4:11 Heb 5:12 shine: Pr 4:18 Mt 13:43 19:28 1Co 15:40, 41, 42 1Th 2:19,20 Rev 1:20 Lead: Jer 23:22 Lk 1:16, Lk 1:17 Jn 4:36 Php 2:16,17 Jas 5:19,20 THIS LITTLE LIGHT OF MINE I'M GONNA LET IT SHINE! See sermon below by Dwight L Moody based on Daniel 12:3 - True Wisdom Adoniram Judson a famous missionary to Burma wrote that "A life once spent is irrevocable. It will remain to be contemplated through eternity… the same may be said of each day. When it is once past, it is gone forever. All the marks which we put upon it, it will exhibit forever… each day will not only be a witness of our conduct, but will affect our everlasting destiny… How shall we then wish to see each day marked with usefulness! It is too late to mend the days that are past. The future is in our power. Let us, then, each morning, (enabled by God's Spirit) resolve to send the day into eternity in such a garb as we shall wish it to wear forever. And at night let us reflect that one more day is irrevocably gone, indelibly (forever) marked." Related Resources: Redeem the Time Watch the brevity of your life vividly portrayed by Francis Chan! Don't Waste Your Life - John Piper Those that have insight - In the context, the direct reference is to believing Jews, but the principle is applicable to all believers of all ages who have insight and lead the many to righteousness. Those living when the events described in Daniel, begin to unfold and who have ears to hear (Dt 29:4, Is 6:9, 10, Ezek 12:2, Mt 11:15, Mk 4:9, 23, Lk 8:8, 14:35, Ro 11:8), will understand the significance of these events and they will surely be impelled and empowered by the Spirit (cf Acts 1:8) to speak truth to those whose eyes are blinded to the truth. Those who shine as lights during this difficult time (cf Mt 5:14-note, Mt 5:16-note, Ep 5:8-note, Php 2:14, 15-note, 15, 2Co 4:6) will shine brightly throughout eternity (cf Mt 13:43). Strauss adds that "The tribulation will be one of the darkest periods in human history. However, during that time God will have his luminaries on the earth who, through their wise behavior and clear testimony, will teach others the way of righteousness… No matter how troublous the times have been, or will become, the darkest hours afford the largest opportunity for letting the gospel light shine. Daniel and John were speaking of those who will defy the decree of the Antichrist that all worship him, and courageously teach others the pure gospel of the kingdom (Matthew 24:14)." (Lehman Strauss Commentary – The Prophecies of Daniel) (The Prophecies of Daniel) Will shine brightly like the brightness of the expanse of heaven - This simile is striking, for it unveils the promise and hope that believers who are but dust (Ge 2:7) and who deserve damnation (outside of Christ) will be rewarded with an almost indescribable appearance similar to that of the glorious creation. And what is the logical association? First, let us recall the purpose of the created heavens in Psalm 19:1 (Spurgeon's note)… The heavens are telling of the glory of God; And their expanse is declaring the work of His hands. It follows, that the comparison of believers to the heavens and the stars would support the premise that like those created entities, each individual believer would also be a divine masterpiece (Eph 2:10-note) to forever declare the glory of God! Does this not motivate each of us to seek diligently to redeem the time (Eph 5:16-note)? Father by Your Spirit enable each reader who believes in Jesus the Messiah, to Shine now (read Mt 5:16-note, cp Php 2:15-note) so they will shine brightly forever! I've "entitled" this verse "This little light of mine, I'm gonna let it shine." Those are the words of a little song children used to sing in Sunday School. Why don't you take a moment and sing along with this simple song and at the same time ask the Holy Spirit to enable you to "Let it shine, Let it shine, Let it shine," not naturally but supernaturally. That's a prayer in God's will which He hears and will answer (1 John 5:14, 15-note)! So sing and pray believing that God will empower you to shine in the darkness of this lost world in the place where He has providentially placed you! Shine now! Then shine forever! If you want a little "motivation" from a saint who "let his life shine" read the interesting sermon below by D L Moody - True Wisdom. Remember lighthouses work better when they shine brightly than when they sound off loudly. How is your "lighthouse" shining lately?
Daniel 12
Wiersbe comments that this verse "is not a reference to automobiles and jet planes or the advancement of education. It has reference to the study of God's Word in the last days, especially the study of prophecy. Amos 8:11, 12 warns us that the day will come when there will be a famine of God's Word and people will run here and there seeking for truth but won't find it. But God's promise to Daniel is that, in the last days, His people can increase in their knowledge of prophetic Scripture as they apply themselves to the Word of God. Some interpret "to and fro" to mean running one's eyes to and fro over the pages of Scripture." (Wiersbe, W: Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament. Victor) The generally excellent commentator Henry Morris favors a literal explanation writing that The word “run” (NAS = "go") actually means “race.” That is, at the time of the end, the world will see “many”—evidently all over the world—racing back and forth, and this phenomenon would help students of God’s promises begin to “unseal the book,” and see that His return is near. It is significant that until the past two centuries, riding on a swift horse was the fastest way to travel. Today we have moved from horses to railroads to autos to airplanes to space ships. (Excellent Defender's Study Bible notes free online) (I do not favor this interpretation but present it only as an example) In keeping with the context, however, the more plausible interpretation is that this phrase does not speak of a literal increase in travel per se but describes individuals going back and forth in search of knowledge (cf 2Chr 16:9; Jer 5:1; Am 8:12; Zec 4:10). What would motivate people such a frenetic search? Clearly such a search would be stimulated by the cataclysmic events that will occur in the years leading up to and culminating in the time of distress. Note that this same time period immediately preceding Christ's Second Coming is described in much greater detail in Revelation 6 through 19. The Amplified Version (which also functions as a "mini-commentary - but one I generally find useful) says… But you, O Daniel, shut up the words and seal the Book until the time of the end. [Then] many shall run to and fro and search anxiously [through the Book], and knowledge [of God’s purposes as revealed by His prophets] shall be increased and become great. (Amplified) Here are some other versions that favor the interpretation of going to and fro searching for knowledge… Many shall diligently investigate, and knowledge shall increase." (Darby) Many people will go here and there to find true knowledge." (International Children's Bible) Many shall scrutinize it, running through every page. (Fausset) Here is an example of what I think is a horrible translation from the TEV (The English Version)… Meanwhile, many people will waste their efforts trying to understand what is happening. And knowledge will increase - While some see this phrase as a general reference to the exponential explosion in human knowledge in the 21st Century, if one keeps the context of the the end of time in mind (Da 11:36-45, Da 12:1-13 = prophecy of the end times, especially the time of distress), the interpretation would more reasonably describe a general increase in the knowledge of end times events as those events begin to unfold. In other words, God indicated that an increased understanding of what Daniel had written would come. Of course, only those who have "insight" (Da 12:3) and have their spiritual eyes opened by the Holy Spirit (cf Jn 16:13, 1Cor 2:12, 13, 14), will experience this increase in knowledge, and be enabled to understand that these ancient prophecies are beginning to unfold in their lifetime. Dr Walvoord agrees writing that "Those who will profit most by the prophecies of Daniel will be those who will be living in the end time." (Ed: And I would add those who are willing to let the Scriptures speak for themselves and therefore interpret them LITERALLY!) What will be the result of the fact that knowledge will increase? It certainly will not be just to make them smarter sinners! And while the immediate context does not state with certainty, I think an increased knowledge of the writing of truth (Da 10:21, cf true = Da 10:1, truth = Da 11:2) about the end times will produce a conviction in the hearts of many Jews and play a role in contributing to the salvation of the one third of Israel (Zech 13:8, 9) who will be rescued out of the time of distress (Da 12:1-note). And while the book of Daniel speaks primarily to the Jews, the principles are clearly applicable to the Gentiles, many of whom will have their eyes opened to the fact that these awesome end time events portend the imminent Second Coming of the Messiah and they will by grace through faith bow to Him as their King while today is still called today (He 3:13-note). Wiersbe - In the ancient world, official transactions were ratified with two documents, one that was sealed and kept in a safe place and one that was kept available (Je 32:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12). God looked upon Daniel's book as the "deed" that guaranteed that He would faithfully keep His promises to the people of Israel. To close up the book and seal it didn't mean to hide it away, because God's message was given so His people would know the future. The book was to be treasured and protected and shared with the Jewish people. However, the book was "sealed" in this sense: the full meaning of what Daniel wrote would not be understood until "the time of the end" (see Mt 24:15). Even Daniel didn't fully understand all that he saw, heard, and wrote! (Da 12:8-note) (Wiersbe, W: Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament. Victor) Dear reader, are you a prophecy buff who like to talk about end time events and yet you have failed to bow your knee to the King of kings? If so, today could be the day of salvation for you (2Co 6:2) to the praise of the glory of His matchless mercy and grace. As testimony to the fact that many Gentiles will recognize the signs of the times in prophecies such as Daniel and Revelation, the apostle John records… After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude, which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues (this clearly includes Gentiles), standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, and palm branches were in their hands and they cry out with a loud voice, saying, "Salvation to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb."… (Play "Salvation Belongs To Our God") And all the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures; and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, and one of the elders answered, saying to me, "These who are clothed in the white robes, who are they, and from where have they come?" And I said to him, "My lord, you know." And he said to me, "These are the ones who come out of the great tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. (Re 7:9-note, Re 7:10-note, Re 7:11-note, Re 7:12-note, Re 7:13-note, Re 7:14-note) Comment: From this passage in Revelation 7, it is clear that they will be an incredible harvest of souls in the last 3.5 year period of tribulation, and undoubtedly God's sure word of prophecy coming to pass before their very eyes will play a pivotal role in their coming to salvation. Daniel 12:5 THEN I, DANIEL, LOOKED AND BEHOLD, TWO OTHERS WERE STANDING, ONE ON THIS BANK OF THE RIVER AND THE OTHER ON THAT BANK OF THE RIVER. Two: Da 10:5,6,10,16 Of the river: Da 10:4 Two others - Apparently two angelic beings. Some have suggested this refers to the number of witnesses called for in the Mosaic law (cf Dt 19:15), but that is speculation for the present events have nothing to do with criminal activity. In addition two angels appeared in Daniel 8:13ff-note in the absence of an oath. The river - The Tigris the same river as in Da 10:4-note remembering that this chapter is still describing what was initially communicated in Daniel 10 when the prophet received his fourth vision. Daniel 12:6 AND ONE SAID TO THE MAN DRESSED IN LINEN, WHO WAS ABOVE THE WATERS OF THE RIVER, "HOW LONG WILL IT BE UNTIL THE END OF THESE WONDERS?" One said: Da 8:16 Zec 1:12,13 Eph 3:10 1Pe 1:12 Man: Da 10:5,6 Eze 9:2 Rev 15:6 19:14 Above, Rev 10:2-5 How long: Da 8:13 Ps 74:9 Rev 6:10 Digital Art by Ted Larson One said - One of the "two others" who again are presumably angelic beings. The man dressed in linen - A question from the one (presumably an angel) to the man dressed in linen, who some feel is a pre-incarnate manifestation of Christ. Others interpret him as an angelic being. I think we cannot be dogmatic. How long - Not how long until they begin but how long they will last once they begin (cf similar question in Da 8:13-note). As 1Pe 1:12-note explains even the angels despite their sinless state are not omniscient and desire to know about the great future events that will radically impact the present world. Until the end of these wonders - The end of the time of distress which includes many "wonders" including the reign of terror of the Antichrist, the great conflict, etc. This phrase teaches of course that it will come to an end! Daniel 12:7 I HEARD THE MAN DRESSED IN LINEN, WHO WAS ABOVE THE WATERS OF THE RIVER, AS HE RAISED HIS RIGHT HAND AND HIS LEFT TOWARD HEAVEN, AND SWORE BY HIM WHO LIVES FOREVER THAT IT WOULD BE FOR A TIME, TIMES, AND HALF A TIME; AND AS SOON AS THEY FINISH SHATTERING THE POWER OF THE HOLY PEOPLE, ALL THESE EVENTS WILL BE COMPLETED. Raised: Dt 32:40 Rev 10:5,7 lives : Da 4:34 Job 27:2 Jer 4:2 that it : Da 12:11,12 7:25 8:14 11:13 Rev 11:2,3,15 12:6,14 13:5 when : Lk 21:14 Rev 10:7 11:7-15 the holy: Da 8:24 Dt 7:6 26:19 Isa 62:12 1Pe 2:9 Raised his right hand - Scripture records other situations in which one would raise his hand when uttering an oath (Ge 14:22; Dt 32:40; Rev 10:5,6-note). The fact that he raises both hands suggests this symbolizes the highest degree of assurance one could provide. Time, times and half a time (See table below for of parallel time phrases) - Comparison with the events described in Rev 12:6-note and Rev 12:14-note, time, times and half a time equates with 1,260 days, the period to be reckoned from the time the "saints were delivered into the hand" of "the little horn." (Da 7:25-note). Shattering the power - This describes the effect/purpose of the "Great Tribulation" (Mt 24:21-note), the "time of Jacob's Trouble" (Je 30:7-note), the finish of "the indignation" (Da 11:36). This indicates that Israel will be utterly defeated by her enemies. This phrase may have a double meaning, in that the breaking of Israel's power will predispose individuals to be broken of their hard hearts and rebellion against God (cf Zech 12:10, 11, 12, 13, 14). Strauss notes that… Israel's extremity will be God's opportunity, for then Messiah shall come and the nation will be led to acknowledge Him… There are those who tell us that the great tribulation spoken of by our Lord was that time of suffering that came upon the Jewish people at the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D. But both Daniel and John, and also the Lord Jesus, relate the great tribulation to a judgment that is to come upon the whole world immediately preceding the coming of the Son of Man to earth in power and great glory (Mt 24:29). Our world has witnessed distress of serious magnitude, but the coming last distress will be unequalled. The world today gives little heed to this solemn prophecy, but the present indifference to it will in no wise lessen its fierceness when it comes. (Lehman Strauss Commentary – The Prophecies of Daniel) The holy people (cf Da 12:1-note "your people", Da 9:24-note "your people and your holy city") - In context this phrase refers to Israel, the Jewish people. The nation of Israel will be shattered by the anti-Semitic forces in the last half of the Great Tribulation (Mt 24:21), the time of distress (Da 12:1-note), the time of Jacob's distress (Jer 30:7-note). PARALLEL SCRIPTURES TIME, TIMES AND HALF A TIME LAST HALF OF DANIEL'S 70TH WEEK (Click Summary Chart on Daniel's 70th Week) SCRIPTURE TIME PHRASE WHAT THIS TIME IS ASSOCIATED WITH Da 9:27 Middle of the week The prince (Antichrist) who is to come breaks the covenant with Israel and commits the abomination of desolation (see notes) Da 7:25 Time, times and half a time Last 3.5 years - The time during which the saints (Jews) will be given into Little Horn's (Antichrist's) hand (power). (see notes) Da 12:7 Time, times and half a time Last 3.5 years - The time required to shatter the power of the holy people (the Jews) and the completion of the future events described in Daniel 11:36-45. Rev 11:2 42 months Last 3.5 years - The time period during which the Gentile nations will be given the outside court of the Temple and will trample down Jerusalem. (see notes) Rev 12:6 1260 days Last 3.5 years - The time period when Israel flees into the wilderness to a place prepared by God so that she might be nourished. (see notes) Rev 12:14 Time and times and half a time Last 3.5 years - The time during which Israel is nourished in the wilderness from the presence of the serpent (see notes) Rev 13:5 42 Months Last 3.5 years - The time which Antichrist will be given authority to act. (see notes) Daniel 12:8 AS FOR ME, I HEARD BUT COULD NOT UNDERSTAND; SO I SAID, "MY LORD, WHAT WILL BE THE OUTCOME OF THESE EVENTS? But : Lk 18:34 Jn 12:16 Ac 1:7 1Pe 1:11 what : Da 12:6 10:14) I heard but could not understand - The OT prophets often did not understand the prophecies which the Spirit gave them to record. Peter affirms this truth in the NT writing… As to this salvation, the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you made careful search and inquiry, seeking to know what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating as He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow. It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves, but you, in these things which now have been announced to you through those who preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven-- things into which angels long to look. (1Pe 1:10, 11, 12) Outcome (0319) (acharith) is a feminine noun that means the "after part", the end of a period of time, the last time, the latter time. The first use is in Genesis 49:1 = "Then Jacob summoned his sons and said, "Assemble yourselves that I may tell you what will befall you in the days to come." In Nu 23:10 acharith refers to the "end" of one's life (death - cp similar use Nu 24:20, Ps 73:17, 5:11). It speaks of old or older age (Job 42:12 = "Jehovah blessed the latter days of Job") Acharith describes one's posterity (Ps 37:37, 38, 109:13). Here acharith conveys the idea of outcome - Da 12:8, Pr 5:4, 14:12, 16:25 (end), Eccl 7:8, Isa 41:22, 47:7. It conveys the sense of future (Pr 23:18, 24:14, 24:20, Jer 29:11, 31:17). In Ezek 23:25 acharith describes survivors (twice). Acharith is used many times in a prophetic (eschatological) sense. Read the following passages - Nu 24:14 - "days to come.", Dt 4:30 = "latter days" = at Second Coming of Messiah at the time when all Israel will be saved (Ro 11:26-note) and Messiah sets up His Millennial Kingdom. The same meaning is seen in the following prophetic passages - Isa 2:2, Jer 23:20, 30:24, 49:39, Ezek 38:8 , 16, Da 10:14, Hos 3:5, Micah 4:1 = last or latter days. Swanson - 1. last, end, i.e., the last point of a period of time (Dt 11:12); 2. future, i.e., a point in time future to the time of the discourse (Ge 49:1); 3. descendant, i.e., one of a future generation (Ps 109:13; Da 11:4); 4. least, i.e., an object of little importance (Jer 50:12); 5. remainder, the rest, remnant, i.e., ones who are left over from a whole (Eze 23:25); 6. far side, the other side, as a limit point of a space (Ps 139:9) (Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains: Hebrew). NAS translations of acharith = come (2), descendants(1), end (20), final end (1), final period (1), future (7), last (8), latter (7), latter ending (1), latter period (1), least (1), outcome (3), posterity (3), remotest part (1), rest (2), survivors (2). In the introductory section of this vision (spanning chapters 10 through 12) we read… Now I have come to give you an understanding of what will happen to your people (Israel) in the latter (acharith) days, for the vision pertains to the days yet future." (Da 10:14-note) (Note that this noun is repeatedly utilized in the prophetic section of Daniel (Da 8:19, 23-note; Da 12:8). Acharith - 60v in the NAS - Ge 49:1; Num 23:10; 24:14, 20; Deut 4:30; 8:16; 11:12; 31:29; 32:20, 29; Job 8:7; 42:12; Ps 37:37f; 73:17; 109:13; 139:9; Prov 5:4, 11; 14:12f; 16:25; 19:20; 20:21; 23:18, 32; 24:14, 20; 25:8; 29:21; Eccl 7:8; 10:13; Isa 2:2; 41:22; 46:10; 47:7; Jer 5:31; 12:4; 17:11; 23:20; 29:11; 30:24; 31:17; 48:47; 49:39; 50:12; Lam 1:9; Ezek 23:25; 38:8, 16; Da 8:19, 23; 10:14; 11:4; 12:8; Hos 3:5; Amos 4:2; 8:10; 9:1; Mic 4:1. Below are some other uses of acharith that clearly speak of end times events that impact Israel. Acharith is used by Moses in his prophecy of what will happen to rebellious Israel at the end of time (during Daniel's Seventieth Week and specifically the last 3.5 years of the time of the Great Tribulation) declaring… When you are in distress (Dt 4:30KJV = tribulation) and all these things have come upon you, in the latter (acharith) days you will return to the Lord your God and listen to His voice. (Dt 4:30) Comment: Israel will "return" and "listen to His voice" because a Spirit of grace and supplication has been poured out on them, softening their rebellious hearts (cf Zech 12:10). Compare Isa 2:2-note [Micah 4:1 acharith = "last"] where acharith is translated "last" and as in Dt 4:30 clearly refers to the termination of the Great Tribulation and the inauguration of the Messianic Kingdom when the King of kings returns and one third of the Jews repent and return and call out to their Messiah [cf Zech 13:8, 9] - what a happy day it will be! See a parallel description of "the last (acharith) days" (the Millennium) in Hosea 3:5. Here are some other uses of acharith in a distinctly futuristic, end times context… The anger of the LORD will not turn back until He has performed and carried out the purposes of His heart; In the last (acharith) days you will clearly understand it. (Jer 23:20, cp similar uses of acharith in Jer 30:24+, Jer 48:47, 49:39, and the related Aramaic word "'acharith" in Da 2:28-note) Comment: Here last refers to the final act of this present age during the Great Tribulation with the inauguration of the New Age of the Messiah when the terms of the New Covenant will be fully and finally fulfilled for the believing Jews who God had promised through Jeremiah 31:31, 32, 33, 34+ - note especially the phrase in verse 34 "they shall all know me", cp Hebrews 8:11. Zech 12:10+ also alludes to the eyes of the Jews being opened by grace so that they come to understand what their forefathers had done to the Messiah - compare "in the last days you [Jews] will clearly understand it". Daniel 12:9 HE SAID, "GO YOUR WAY, DANIEL, FOR THESE WORDS ARE CONCEALED AND SEALED UP UNTIL THE END TIME. Go: Da 12:13 concealed : Da 12:4 8:26 Isa 8:16 29:11 Rev 10:4 CONCEALED UNTIL THE END Go your way, Daniel - Even though Daniel is advanced in age (80+ years), he is not told to go and rest but is commanded to keep pressing on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call. For these words - He has just said "Go" and now explains why Daniel does not have to worry about the integrity of these prophecies relating to Israel. These words are concealed and sealed up until the end of time - This indicates that the words of the vision are preserved intact and secure (cf Da 12:4-note = "until the end of time") and will be available to those who search to and fro in the end time. And as stated in the next verse many Jews as a result of searching the writing of truth will turn and look upon Him Who they pierced (Zech 12:10), recognize Jesus as their Redeemer and be spiritually purged, purified and refined! Note the important expression of time until - this clearly implies that one day the "seal" will be removed and the meaning of these words will be crystal clear! Strauss adds that "It was not needful that Daniel have all the answers at that time. The vision would come to pass at God's appointed time, and that was all Daniel needed to know for the present. The Lord told Daniel that there was no further need to probe deeper into these matters. At the appointed time God will bring all to pass as revealed in the vision. Daniel was not to sit by idly and wait for the fulfillment of the prophecies, but he was told, "Go thy way, Daniel," that is, follow on in the way of obedient service as in the past." (Lehman Strauss Commentary – The Prophecies of Daniel) Daniel 12:10 MANY WILL BE PURGED, PURIFIED AND REFINED, BUT THE WICKED WILL ACT WICKEDLY; AND NONE OF THE WICKED WILL UNDERSTAND, BUT THOSE WHO HAVE INSIGHT WILL UNDERSTAND. Will be: Da 11:35 Ps 51:7 Isa 1:18 Eze 36:25 Zec 13:9 1Co 6:11 2Co 7:1 Titus 2:14 Heb 12:10 1Pe 1:7,22 Rev 3:18 7:13,14 19:8,14 but the wicked: 1Sa 24:13 Isa 32:6,7 Eze 47:11 Ho 14:9 Ro 11:8, 9, 10 2Th 2:10-12 Rev 9:20,21 16:11 22:11 but those who have insight: Da 11:33,35 Ps 107:43 Pr 1:5 2:1-5 Mk 4:11 Lk 24:25 Jn 7:17 Jn 8:47 18:37 1Co 2:10-16 1Jn 5:20) PURGED, PURIFIED AND REFINED - FINALLY! Some non-literal (see literal interpretation) interpreters such as Edward J Young (Ref) incorrectly associate this verse with the tribulations of God's people throughout history, but such a genre of interpretation completely "jettisons" the Jewishness of this passage and its clear eschatological context! Many - Who are the "many?" In context (the end time Da 12:9) this probably refers to one third of the Jews who will experience the testing, purging time of the Great Tribulation and cry out to their Messiah to rescue (save) them (Da 12:1-note, Zech 12:10, Zech 13:8, 9, Ro 11:25, 26, 27-note). As discussed above, multitudes of Gentiles will also be saved during this time of distress and great tribulation (as we can deduce from comparing Rev 7:9-note, Rev 7:14-note), but that is not the specific group intended in the context of Daniel 12 which is addressed directly to the Jewish nation. One might invert the order of Charles Dickens' famous saying (Tale of Two Cities), saying that for Israel the worst of times are yet to come, but they will be followed by the best of times for the Jews who recognize, respond, repent and are refined by the end time three and one half year fires of affliction. Purged (01305) (barar) means to purify (as one's lips Zeph 3:9), purge out (Ezek 20:38 - which describes the future judgment of Jews at the end of the Great Tribulation to determine who enters the Millennial Kingdom of the Messiah = only saved will enter [read Ezek 20:34, 35, 36, 37, 38]), to test (Ec 3:18) or to select or choose (1Chr 7:40, 9:22, 16:41). Barar can describe a sifting or sorting out (sifting - Jer 4:11 to describe the "sifting" produced by the Babylonian invasion), which is exactly what the time of Jacob's distress (Heb = tsarah = tightness, trouble, root deals with harassment and torment engendered by an enemy, intense inner turmoil; same word used in Da 12:1 "time of distress") (Jer 30:7-note) will accomplish among the Jews. This pressure filled time of distress will produce a separation of the repentant and regenerate from the unrepentant, unregenerate. Barar is used twice in Psalms 18:26 to describe God and men - "With the pure You show Yourself pure And with the crooked You show Yourself astute." Barar - 18x in 16v in the NAS - 2Sa 22:27; 1 Chr 7:40; 9:22; 16:41; Neh 5:18; Job 33:3; Ps 18:26; Eccl 3:18; Isa 49:2; 52:11; Jer 4:11; 51:11; Ezek 20:38; Dan 11:35; 12:10; Zeph 3:9. NAS = choice(2), chosen(2), cleanse(1), pure you show(2), purge(2), purged(1), purified(1), purify(1), select(1), sharpen(1), show yourself pure(2), sincerely(1), tested(1). SCARLET SINNERS MADE WHITE AS SNOW! Purified (03835)(laban) means to make white or be made white or to come white and figuratively means to purify. In other words it is a figurative description of "filthy" sinners made morally pure. This sense is seen in several passages - Ps 51:7, Isa 1:18, Da 11:35, 12:10. In fact the only literal use is in Joel 1:7. Purified in Da 12:10 is in the Hithpael and thus has been translated both reflexively (RSV = "make themselves white" and passively KJV = "made white"). While either translation is grammatically defensible, the latter translation avoids the misleading suggestion that such moral cleansing comes by self reformation, for only God can make sinners "white as snow" (see below), dressing them in Christ's righteousness (1Co 1:30, 2Co 5:21, Ro 3:21, 22, 23-note, Ro 3:24-note, Php 3:8, 9-note, Isa 61:10) in contrast to man in "his" own righteousness (Ec l7:15, Ezek 33:13, Isa 64:6) The first use of laban is the most famous where David pleads to God - " Purify me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow." (Ps 51:7). Isaiah pleads with sinful Israel to "“Come now, and let us reason together,” Says the LORD, “Though your sins are as scarlet, They will be as white as snow; Though they are red like crimson, They will be like wool." (Isa 1:18) Laban - 5x in 5v in the NAS - Ps 51:7; Isa 1:18; Da 11:35; 12:10; Joel 1:7. NAS = become white(1), make them pure(1), purified(1), white(1), whiter(1). Daniel infrequently used Hebrew word laban earlier in his description of the Jews suffering under the "time of distress" wrought by the "Antichrist of the Old Testament", Antiochus IV Epiphanes… And some of those who have insight will fall, in order to refine (see tsaraph below), purge (see barar above), and make them pure (laban - KJV has "make them white"), until the end time; because it is still to come at the appointed time. (Da 11:35-note) In Isaiah, Jehovah calls out to unrepentant sinners in Israel (and by application to sinners of all "genre") with this gracious offer… Come (command) now, and let us reason together," Says the LORD, "Though your sins are as scarlet, they will be as white (laban) as snow. Though they are red like crimson, they will be like wool. (Isa 1:18-note) David a man after God's own heart (1Sa 13:14, Acts 13:22) cried out for "washing" of his soul and conscience after his great sin against God which he committed with Bathsheba… Purify me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; Wash me, and I shall be whiter (laban) than snow. (Ps 51:7-Surgeon's note) The Lxx (Theodotion) of Daniel 12:10 uses the verb ekleukaino (to translate the Hebrew laban) which means to make or become quite white. The picture of white garments as symbolic of those who are cleansed from their sin (and are now holy and pure) is frequently alluded to in the Revelation of Jesus Christ (remember that Revelation 6 through 19 gives the details of the horrible time of distress of Da 12:1 which will purge, purify and refine many Jews). The apostle John writes that… (Jesus speaking) He who overcomes (not a "special" or "elite" group for all believers are "overcomers"! cf 1Jn 5:4, 5) shall thus be clothed in white (leukos - brilliant, bright, shining, glittering, dazzling white as were the garments of the transfigured Jesus Mt 17:2; cf the everlasting state of the saints in Da 12:3, Mt 13:43) garments (cf Rev 3:4-note); and I will not erase his name from the Book of Life (cf Da 12:1 = "everyone who is found written in the book, will be rescued"), and I will confess his name before My Father, and before His angels. (Rev 3:5-note, cf the spiritually "naked" in Re 3:17-note with those who "purchase" white garments in Re 3:18-note) And around the throne were twenty-four thrones; and upon the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, clothed in white garments, and golden crowns on their heads. (Rev 4:4-note) And there was given to each of them (Those who had been slain because of the word of God - Re 6:9-note, Re 6:10-note) a white robe (cf the first garment for sinners Ge 3:21); and they were told that they should rest for a little while longer, until the number of their fellow servants and their brethren who were to be killed even as they had been, should be completed also. (Re 6:11-note) After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude, which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, and palm branches were in their hands… And one of the elders answered, saying to me, "These who are clothed in the white robes, who are they, and from where have they come?" And I said to him, "My lord, you know." And he said to me, "These are the ones who come out of the Great Tribulation, and they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. (Re 7:9-note, Re 7:13-note, Re 7:14-note) And the armies which are in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean (cf Re 19:7-note), were following Him (Rev 19:11, 12, 13-note) on white horses. (Rev 19:14-note) If one refuses and rejects God's "whitening" of their soul, they will be forced to stand before a "white" throne for judgment of their wickedness… And I saw a great white throne and Him who sat upon it, from whose presence earth and heaven fled away, and no place was found for them. (Rev 20:11-note) Refined (06884) (tsaraph) describes the process by which the refiner purifies metal, first by heating it to separate the dross to leave pure ore (Pr 25:4). Scripture uses tsaraph to describe God's Word as that which is refined and thus is pure (2Sa 22:31, Ps 12:6-note, Ps 18:30-note, Pr 30:5). God uses trials to refine people (Ps 17:3-note, Ps 66:10-note, Ps 119:140-note [pure = tested]; Is 48:10) and in Ps 105:18-note Jehovah used His Word to test Joseph. David beseeched God to "test" his mind (Ps 26:2-note), which have something to do with why David was called a man after God's own heart (1Sa 13:14, Acts 13:22)! Tsaraph is used in the present passage to describe God's spiritual refining of Israel (cf Is 1:25 = "smelt"; used in Zech 13:9, Mal 3:3). Tsaraph - 32x in 29v in the NAS - goldsmith(5), goldsmiths(2), pure(1), refine(3), refined(5), refiner's(1), refining goes(1), silversmith(2), smelt(1), smelter(2), smith(1), test(2), tested(4), tried(2). Jdg 7:4; 17:4; 2Sa 22:31; Neh 3:8, 32; Ps 12:6; 17:3; 18:30; 26:2; 66:10; 105:19; 119:140; Pr 25:4; 30:5; Isa 1:25; 40:19; 41:7; 46:6; 48:10; Jer 6:29; 9:7; 10:9, 14; 51:17; Da 11:35; 12:10; Zec 13:9; Mal 3:2, 3. In a passage that prefigures God's final refining fire, the Great Tribulation, Jeremiah writes… Therefore thus says the LORD of hosts, "Behold, I will refine (tsaraph) them and assay (bachan) - in context this speaks of the "crucible" of affliction in the 70 year Babylonian exile) them (Judea), for what else can I do, because of the daughter of My people?" (Jer 9:7) Will be purged, purified and refined (KJV = purified, and made white, and tried) - This a vivid figurative description of the spiritual purification and regeneration of the many (Jews), which the prophet Zechariah identifies as one-third of the nation of Israel using a virtually identical "metallurgical metaphor"… It will come about in all the land," Declares the LORD, "That two parts in it will be cut off and perish; but the third will be left in it. And I will bring the third part through the fire, refine (tsaraph) them as silver is refined (tsaraph), And test (bachan) them as gold is tested (bachan). They will call on My name, and I will answer them; I will say, 'They are My people,' And they will say, 'The LORD is my God.'" (Zechariah 13:8, 9+) Comment: The last three chapters of Zechariah (12-14) actually present a single unified message which Henry