1 Samuel 2
Warren Wiersbe · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Samuel 2
Wiersbe - The word “horn” in verses 1 and 10 symbolizes strength or a strong person (see Ps. 75:4–5, 10; 89:17, 24; 92:10; 132:17). To have your “horn exalted” meant to receive new strength from God and be especially helped by Him at a time of crisis. (See Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament ) NET Note on my horn - Horns of animals have always functioned as both offensive and defensive weapons for them. As a figure of speech the horn is therefore often used in the Bible as a symbol of human strength (see also in v. 10). The allusion in v. 1 to the horn being lifted high suggests a picture of an animal elevating its head in a display of strength or virility. My mouth speaks boldly against my enemies - ESV, RSV - My mouth derides my enemies. Hebrew "my mouth is enlarged," or “my mouth opens wide against.” One who is victorious over enemies has something to boast about to the glory of God, while defeated people have nothing to say. Yes, Peninnah was in a sense her rival but Hannah uses the plural which probably speaks more of the enemies of the Lord. Some commentators think she was referring to her rival, but I think that is less likely considering the Spirit filled nature of this song. THOUGHT - Indeed there is no doubt that Hannah ("grace") was filled with/controlled by the Holy Spirit for some of her "song" is clearly prophecy, especially 1Sa 2:10 where she declares "“Those who contend with the LORD will be shattered; Against them He will thunder in the heavens, The LORD will judge the ends of the earth; And He will give strength to His king, And will exalt the horn of His Anointed (MESSIAH).” Peter affirms that her prophecy was Spirit given writing "no prophecy was ever made by an act of human will, but men (OR WOMEN) moved by the Holy Spirit spoke from God." (2Pe 1:21+) Fred Young on my mouth speaks boldly - My mouth is enlarged over mine enemies refers to a gesture of gaping still used in the Middle East to show derision and contempt. (Borrow Wycliffe Bible Commentary) Because I rejoice in Your salvation (yeshua; Lxx - soteria - deliverance) - Real worship is saturated with joy. Heb “for I rejoice in your deliverance.” Hannah had been delivered from barrenness. But there may well be more intended here for her son would eventually anoint 2 kings, one of whom would be in the line of the Deliverer of Israel (Ro 11:26) and of all who believe in Him. Wiersbe - “I rejoice in thy salvation” suggests more than Hannah’s being delivered from barrenness. Hannah sees this miracle as the beginning of new victory for Israel who time after time had been invaded, defeated, and abused by their enemies (Judg. 2:10–23). But the word “salvation” is yeshua—Joshua—one of the names of the promised Messiah. King David would be God’s yeshua to deliver Israel from her enemies, and Jesus, the Son of David, would be God’s yeshua to deliver all people from the bondage of sin and death. (See Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament )
1 Samuel 2
Wiersbe - borrow With the Word Singing (1Sa 2:1–11). Most people would sing if they could keep their son, but Hannah sang because she could give her son to the service of the Lord. She glorified the Lord who does great things for His people. Mary’s song is similar to Hannah’s (Luke 1:46–55) because Mary had also made a sacrifice to the Lord (Luke 1:38). First the sacrifice, then the song (2 Chron. 29:27). Sinning (1Sa 2:12–17, 22–36). Eli had lost his influence over his sons and as a result caused his family to lose the priesthood (1 Kings 2:26–27, 35). (See 1 Tim. 3:4–5. It has well been said that the greatest evil comes from the corruption of the greatest good, and Eli’s sons illustrate this truth. Serving (1Sa 18–21). Blessed are those parents who realize that their children are growing and facing new needs and struggles, and blessed are those children who grow “before the Lord” (Luke 2:52). God kept Samuel pure in the midst of a defiled environment because he had parents who loved him and prayed for him. Jesus has a special love for children, and we must pray for them. 1 Samuel 2:2 "There is no one holy like the LORD, Indeed, there is no one besides You, Nor is there any rock like our God. BGT 1 Samuel 2:2 ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος ὡς κύριος καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν δίκαιος ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔστιν ἅγιος πλὴν σοῦ KJV 1 Samuel 2:2 There is none holy as the LORD: for there is none beside thee: neither is there any rock like our God. NET 1 Samuel 2:2 No one is holy like the LORD! There is no one other than you! There is no rock like our God! CSB 1 Samuel 2:2 There is no one holy like the LORD. There is no one besides You! And there is no rock like our God. ESV 1 Samuel 2:2 "There is none holy like the LORD: for there is none besides you; there is no rock like our God. NIV 1 Samuel 2:2 "There is no one holy like the LORD; there is no one besides you; there is no Rock like our God. NLT 1 Samuel 2:2 No one is holy like the LORD! There is no one besides you; there is no Rock like our God. NRS 1 Samuel 2:2 "There is no Holy One like the LORD, no one besides you; there is no Rock like our God. RSV 1 Samuel 2:2 "There is none holy like the LORD, there is none besides thee; there is no rock like our God. YLT 1 Samuel 2:2 There is none holy like Jehovah, For there is none save Thee, And there is no rock like our God. NKJ 1 Samuel 2:2 "No one is holy like the LORD, For there is none besides You, Nor is there any rock like our God. NJB 1 Samuel 2:2 There is no Holy One like Yahweh, (indeed, there is none but you) no Rock like our God. holy: Ex 15:11 De 32:4 Ps 99:5,9 111:9 Isa 6:3 57:15 1Pe 1:16 Ro 4:8 15:4 no one beside: De 4:35 2Sa 22:32 Ps 73:25 Isa 43:10,11 44:6,8 rock: De 3:24 Dt 32:20,31,39 Ps 18:2 71:3,19 86:8 89:6,8 Isa 40:18 Jer 10:6 1 Samuel 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Deut 32:31 “Indeed their rock is not like our Rock, Even our enemies themselves judge this. Psalm 18:2;The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; My shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. Psalm 95:1 O come, let us sing for joy to the LORD, Let us shout joyfully to the rock of our salvation. Isaiah 44:8 ‘Do not tremble and do not be afraid; Have I not long since announced it to you and declared it? And you are My witnesses. Is there any God besides Me, Or is there any other Rock? I know of none.’” HANNAH'S INCOMPARABLE GOD There is no one holy (qāḏôšh; Lxx - hagios - same word used of saints in NT) like the LORD (Jehovah = Yahweh) - Twice Hannah describes the unique nature of God using the phrase "no one." Hannah extols God's supreme attribute of holiness. He is set apart from everything. Wiersbe - It’s good for us to begin our praying with praising, because praise helps us focus on the glory of the Lord and not on the greatness of our needs. When we see the greatness of God, we start to see life in perspective. Hannah knew the character of God and exalted His glorious attributes.(See Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament ) Indeed, there is no one besides You - In a sense uniqueness might be considered an attribute of God. This "attribute" has been put into music in the song There is None Like You (play song). God is the only God. There is no other God but Yahweh. The Septuagint has "there is none righteous like our God." Nor is there any rock (tsur) like our God - Note "our God" alludes to the relationship of Israel in covenant with Yahweh. The metaphor of God as our Rock alludes to an immovable, jutting rocky cliff where one could seek shelter and refuge from enemies and storms. A rock is strong, stable, steadfast like our God, who does not change and can be depended upon (like a "Rock"). Erwin Lutzer says that "Until we have learned to be satisfied with fellowship with God, until he is our ROCK and our fortress, we will be restless with our place in the world." As our Rock He stabilizes us. As our Fortress, He defends us. In another song, the Song of Moses, God is repeatedly extolled as Rock (Deut. 32:4, 15, 18, 30–31, 37). Rock also has a messianic aspect as Jesus is the Rock prophesied in Ps 118:22, Isaiah 8:14 and Isaiah 28:16 (cf 1Pe 2:6-8). Paul writes that Christ is our Rock in 1Co 10:4+ - here are other names associated with Rock... The Rock (Mt 16:18) The Rock That Is Higher than I (Ps. 61:2) The Rock of Israel (2Sa 23:3) A Rock of Offense (Ro. 9:33) The Rock of My Refuge (Ps. 94:22) The Rock of His Salvation (Dt. 32:15) The Rock of Our Salvation (Ps. 95:1) The Rock of Thy Strength (Isa. 17:10) Rock of Ages, cleft for me, let me hide myself in thee; let the water and the blood, from thy wounded side which flowed, be of sin the double cure; save from wrath and make me pure. - Augustus Toplady My Hope Is Built on Nothing Less Than Jesus' blood and righteousness; I dare not trust the sweetest frame, But wholly lean on Jesus' name. On Christ the Solid Rock I stand; All other ground is sinking sand. - Edward Mote The Name (ROCK) of the LORD is a strong tower; The righteous runs into it and is safe. Proverbs 18:10+ THOUGHT- Where do you run when the inevitable winds of adversity or storms of affliction assail you? Run to the strong tower of God your Rock. In the passage above, the Hebrew word for safe (sagab) means to be lifted up. It is as if the Spirit lifts you above the fray that is going on around you and brings you to a safe place on the Solid Rock. Related Resources: God's Attribute of Holy Christ Our Rock of Refuge Christ Our Rock of Refuge-2 Christ the Smitten Rock Christ the Stone What does it mean that God is the Rock of salvation? | GotQuestions.org What does it mean that the Lord “set my feet upon a rock” (Psalm 40:2)? | GotQuestions.org What does it mean that the wise man built his house upon a rock? | GotQuestions.org Summary Chart - The Attributes of God Spurgeon on the Attributes of God Eternal Faithfulness Foreknows Good Holy Immutable Impartial Incomprehensible Infinite Jealous Justice Longsuffering Love Mercy Omnipotent Omnipresent Omniscient Providence Righteous Self-existent Self-sufficient Sovereign Transcendent Truth Wise Wrath Holy (06918) qāḏôšh is an adjective meaning sacred, holy. It is used to denote someone or something that is inherently sacred or has been designated as sacred by divine rite or cultic ceremony. It designates that which is the opposite of common or profane. It could be said the qāḏôš is a positive term regarding the character of its referent, where common is a neutral term and profane a very negative term. This word is often used to refer to God as being inherently holy, sacred, and set apart (Ps. 22:3; Isa. 6:3; 57:15); and as being free from the attributes of fallen humanity (Hos. 11:9). Therefore, in the Old Testament, God is accorded the title “The Holy One of Israel” (2 Kgs. 19:22; Ps. 78:41; Isa. 17:7; Jer. 50:29). As such, God instructed that humanity should be holy because He is holy (Lev 11:44-45; 19:2). In addition to its divine references, this word can also modify places, like the court of the Tabernacle (Ex. 29:31); the camp of Israel (Deut. 23:14[15]); Jerusalem (Eccl. 8:10); heaven (Isa. 57:15); people, like the priests (Lev. 21:7, 8); a Nazirite (Num. 6:5, 8); the prophet Elisha (2 Kgs. 4:9); Levites (2 Chr. 35:3); saints [angels] (Job 5:1; 15:15; Dan. 8:13); water (Num. 5:17); time (Neh. 8:9–11; Isa. 58:13). (Word Study Dictionary - OT) Holy things and holy people are not to be used for common or sinful, idolatrous purposes. Three times in the OT God’s Spirit is called the Holy Spirit (Ps. 51:11; Isa. 63:10f). God is holy and speaks and swears on the basis of his holiness (cf. Ps 60:6; 89:35). This means that He acts consistently with his moral character. His acts, flowing from his nature, define what goodness and purity are. Holiness really sums up all of what God is as separate from his creation and from all evil; He is awesome and wonderfully good (Ps. 97:12). God’s people should worship Him “in the beauty of holiness” (Ps. 29:2), which may refer to the LORD himself or to what worshipers are to wear when approaching Him. What is amazing is that our thrice Holy God calls us to be holy as He is holy... Lev 11:44-45+ - For I am the LORD your God. Consecrate yourselves therefore, and be holy, for I am holy. And you shall not make yourselves unclean with any of the swarming things that swarm on the earth. 45‘For I am the LORD who brought you up from the land of Egypt to be your God; thus you shall be holy, for I am holy.’” Qadosh - 105v - consecrated(1), Holy(8), holy(50), Holy One(44), holy one(3), holy ones(6), one is holy(1), saints(2). Exod. 19:6; Exod. 29:31; Lev. 6:16; Lev. 6:26; Lev. 6:27; Lev. 7:6; Lev. 10:13; Lev. 11:44; Lev. 11:45; Lev. 16:24; Lev. 19:2; Lev. 20:26; Lev. 21:6; Lev. 21:7; Lev. 21:8; Lev. 24:9; Num. 5:17; Num. 6:5; Num. 6:8; Num. 15:40; Num. 16:3; Num. 16:5; Num. 16:7; Deut. 7:6; Deut. 14:2; Deut. 14:21; Deut. 23:14; Deut. 26:19; Deut. 28:9; Deut. 33:3; Jos. 24:19; 1 Sam. 2:2; 1 Sam. 6:20; 2 Ki. 4:9; 2 Ki. 19:22; 2 Chr. 35:3; Neh. 8:9; Neh. 8:10; Neh. 8:11; Job 5:1; Job 6:10; Job 15:15; Ps. 16:3; Ps. 22:3; Ps. 34:9; Ps. 46:4; Ps. 65:4; Ps. 71:22; Ps. 78:41; Ps. 89:5; Ps. 89:7; Ps. 89:18; Ps. 99:3; Ps. 99:5; Ps. 99:9; Ps. 106:16; Ps. 111:9; Prov. 9:10; Prov. 30:3; Eccl. 8:10; Isa. 1:4; Isa. 4:3; Isa. 5:16; Isa. 5:19; Isa. 5:24; Isa. 6:3; Isa. 10:17; Isa. 10:20; Isa. 12:6; Isa. 17:7; Isa. 29:19; Isa. 29:23; Isa. 30:11; Isa. 30:12; Isa. 30:15; Isa. 31:1; Isa. 37:23; Isa. 40:25; Isa. 41:14; Isa. 41:16; Isa. 41:20; Isa. 43:3; Isa. 43:14; Isa. 43:15; Isa. 45:11; Isa. 47:4; Isa. 48:17; Isa. 49:7; Isa. 54:5; Isa. 55:5; Isa. 57:15; Isa. 58:13; Isa. 60:9; Isa. 60:14; Jer. 50:29; Jer. 51:5; Ezek. 39:7; Ezek. 42:13; Dan. 8:13; Dan. 8:24; Hos. 11:9; Hos. 11:12; Hab. 1:12; Hab. 3:3; Zech. 14:5 Rock (06697)(tsur) is used a few times to describe a literal rock (usually a large rock or boulder), but the figurative uses are more common and usually descriptive of Jehovah. Tsur is found 70x in NAS and 74x in KJV. In Ps 18:2 we find two words for "rock", the first "rock" being "sela'" (see below) and the second "rock" being "tsur." Sela' more frequently suggests a larger, more massive rock structure such as a crag (a steep rugged rock - eg, Job 39:28 uses sela' to describe a safe, resting place for the eagle "upon the rocky crag [sela'], an inaccessible place"), a cliff or a mountainside. Tsur on the other hand refers to smaller rock structures such as a boulder, but these distinctions are not absolute and there is overlap. Rock is a common metaphor used for God (Jesus) in the Psalter, and stresses several aspects of His protective care for the person who trusts in Him. For example, God as our Rock provides a firm, unshakeable foundation ("On Christ the Solid Rock I stand, all other ground is sinking sand") for those who rely on Him. In other OT uses, the picture of Christ our Rock is that of a high, inaccessible rocky crag or mountain hideaway. David had experienced such literal places of protection (eg, cave at Adullam - 1Chr 11:15) by God as Saul and others sought his life. The literal rocks that were David's hiding place were a faint picture of Christ his spiritual Rock in Whom the beleaguered psalmist found safe haven and rest for his soul. In view of the emphasis of Jehovah as our Rock, the One who protects our soul, you might take a moment and sing praises to your Rock... Protector of my Soul Oh, Protector of my soul You will stand against the foe In the dark you'll be a Light for me The Protector of my soul. John
1 Samuel 2
Wiersbe - Hannah rejoiced because this holy God is a just judge of the actions of His people. Unlike the people involved in human judicial proceedings, the Lord knows everything and is able to weigh us and our actions accurately. He weighed Belshazzar and found him “wanting” (Dan. 5:27). The Lord weighs our motives (Prov. 16:2) and our hearts (24:11–12), and His scales are accurate. (Bible Exposition Commentary - Old Testament ) Regard not how full hands, but how pure hands you bring to God. TAYLOR. God does not measure what we bring to Him. He weighs it. MARK GUY PEARSE. Weighed (08505)(takan) to regulate, measure, estimate, to be equal. Gilbrant - Occurring eighteen times in the OT, tākhan means "to weigh," "to measure" or "to apportion" various things, and thus "to evaluate" them by examining and comparing them to a standard. The verb refers to money being apportioned out to workers for the construction of the Temple (2 Ki. 12:11) and to God weighing or apportioning out the waters of the earth (Job 28:25), measuring out the heavens with a span of his hand (Isa. 40:12) and keeping steady (lit. making correct) the pillars of the earth (Ps. 75:3). Tākhan is used figuratively of God weighing or evaluating man's spirit or motives (Prov. 16:2), his heart (21:2; 24:12) and his actions (1 Sam. 2:3). It refers to the actions of God or man being fair (Ezek. 18:25, 29; 33:17, 20), that is, matching up to the expected standard of behavior. By extension, it refers to someone attempting to direct the Spirit of God (Isa. 40:13). (Complete Biblical Library) Takan - 18v - directed(1), firmly set(1), marked off(1), meted(1), right(9), weighed(2), weighs(3). 1 Sam. 2:3; 2 Ki. 12:11; Job 28:25; Ps. 75:3; Pr 16:2; Pr 21:2; Pr 24:12; Isa. 40:12; Isa. 40:13; Ezek. 18:25; Ezek. 18:29; Ezek. 33:17; Ezek. 33:20 John Butler - HANNAH’S PRAYER 1 Samuel 2:3 “Talk no more so exceedingly proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth; for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed” (1 Samuel 2:3). Hannah had prayed a long time and very earnestly for a child, she finally gave birth to Samuel. After the blessing of the child, she did not forget God, which many do after answered prayer, but prayed a most instructive prayer, a prayer of thanksgiving and praise, that Scripture recorded. We look at one verse of this prayer. FIRST—THE WORDS BEFORE GOD “Talk no more so exceedingly proudly, let not arrogancy come out of your mouth.” Pride is severely rebuked. This rebuke would be directed at her critics who in pride belittled her in shame for not baring a child. Child birth was very important in those days. Her rival, another wife of her husband, had especially mocked her. But the birth of Samuel silenced pride. Today we think pride is part of character. We call it ‘self esteem.’ If you lack pride (self-esteem), you are thought to be deficient. But you will find no support for that sort of thinking in the Scripture. Pride does not praise God. A mouth that speaks pridefully is a bad mouth. Arrogance is s sinful attitude. We have nothing to be proud of in our life. When we pray we must come in mercy. That is humbling but coming in pride will not get God’s blessing. SECOND—THE WISDOM OF GOD “The LORD is a God of knowledge.” God knows more than we know. He knows more than anyone. Therefore, His commands and precepts must be obeyed whether they make sense to us or not. Behind every command of God is the knowledge of God. How foolish of man to junk God’s commands when man does not know as much as God knows. Because of God’s knowledge, we are encouraged to pray for wisdom (James 1:5). Oftentimes when we pray about a problem we do not know all the facts, but God knows and can therefore give us wisdom about the situation. THIRD—THE WEIGHING BY GOD “By him actions are weighted.” God weighs all our actions and if they do not weigh the right weight, judgment will come. Belshazzar a great king of Babylon may have been very great in man’s sight, but he was not great in God’s sight, for God told him via the hand writing on the wall, that “Thou art weighed in the balances, and art found wanting” (Daniel 5:27). Belshazzar did not weight enough in terms of righteousness. God’s scales are accurate. That means that God’s judgment will be just, fair, and equitable. Being a God of knowledge, he knows all the facts and will judge accordingly. Many ought to tremble at that news, all their hidden deeds and secret doings cannot be hid from God and like Belshazzar God will someday weigh them and they will be found “wanting.” All the pride and arrogancy of man will be condemned when weighed in God’s scales. (Sermon Starters) 1 Samuel 2:4 "The bows of the mighty are shattered, But the feeble gird on strength. BGT 1 Samuel 2:4 τόξον δυνατῶν ἠσθένησεν καὶ ἀσθενοῦντες περιεζώσαντο δύναμιν KJV 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength. NET 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of warriors are shattered, but those who stumble find their strength reinforced. CSB 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of the warriors are broken, but the feeble are clothed with strength. ESV 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of the mighty are broken, but the feeble bind on strength. NIV 1 Samuel 2:4 "The bows of the warriors are broken, but those who stumbled are armed with strength. NLT 1 Samuel 2:4 The bow of the mighty is now broken, and those who stumbled are now strong. NRS 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of the mighty are broken, but the feeble gird on strength. RSV 1 Samuel 2:4 The bows of the mighty are broken, but the feeble gird on strength. YLT 1 Samuel 2:4 Bows of the mighty are broken, And the stumbling have girded on strength. NKJ 1 Samuel 2:4 "The bows of the mighty men are broken, And those who stumbled are girded with strength. NJB 1 Samuel 2:4 The bow of the mighty has been broken but those who were tottering are now braced with strength. The bows: Ps 37:15,17 46:9 76:3 stumbled: Isa 10:4 Jer 37:10 2Co 4:9,10 2Cor 12:9 Eph 6:14 Php 4:13 Heb 11:34 1 Samuel 2 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 2 Cor 8:9+ For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sake He became poor, so that you through His poverty might become rich. James 2:5+ Listen, my beloved brethren: did not God choose the poor of this world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom which He promised to those who love Him? Ecclesiastes 9:11 I again saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift and the battle is not to the warriors, and neither is bread to the wise nor wealth to the discerning nor favor to men of ability; for time and chance overtake them all. YAHWEH TRIUMPHS OVER THE MIGHTY The bows of the mighty are shattered - Hannah is describing the omnipotence and power of God over puny man, even those we might classify as mighty. There could be a play on words here because the Hebrew word for mighty is gibbor, which in the famous passage in Isaiah 9:6+ describes Yeshua as "mighty God (el gibbor)."