Apocalipse 3
Tony Garland · Citado em PreceptAustin
Apocalipse 3
Garland - subtopics on the Book of Life include (1) Its Ultimate Purpose, (2) When are Names Written? and (3) Names Blotted Out (Caveat - These discussions are very difficult to follow) Overcomes (conquers, prevails) (3528)(nikao from nike = victory, conquest) means to conquer, to be the victor, to gain the victory, to be victorious or to prevail in the face of obstacles. Webster's 1828 dictionary says to overcome means "to conquer; to vanquish; to subdue; as, to overcome enemies in battle.To surmount; to get the better of) Overcome describes the quality of a true saint who may (will) stumble and fall but who God always picks up and he continues onward and upward in the power of the Spirit and in the motivation of the victory Christ has won for us on the Cross (cf 2Pe 1:10-11+). As Jesus alerted His soon to be vigorously persecuted disciples "These things (Ed: Always ask "What things?" - forces you to read the preceding context - See Jn 14:1+ff, esp Jn 14:23+) I have spoken to you, that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation, but take courage (present imperative see need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey); I have overcome (perfect tense pictures permanence of our Lord's victory over this evil world system and its evil ruler! Glory!) the world." (Jn 16:33+) Nikao in NT - most uses in the Revelation - 25v - Lk. 11:22+; Jn. 16:33+; Ro. 3:4+; Ro. 12:21+; 1Jn. 2:13+; 1Jn. 2:14+; 1Jn. 4:4+; 1Jn. 5:4+; 1Jn. 5:5+; Rev. 2:7+; Rev. 2:11+; Rev. 2:17+; Rev. 2:26+; Rev. 3:5+; Rev. 3:12+; Rev. 3:21+; Rev. 5:5+; Rev. 6:2+; Rev. 11:7+; Rev. 12:11+; Rev. 13:7+; Rev. 15:2+; Rev. 17:14+; Rev. 21:7+ Luke 11:22+ “But when someone stronger than he attacks him and overpowers him, he takes away from him all his armor on which he had relied and distributes his plunder. John 16:33+ “These things (John 13-16 UPPER ROOM DISCOURSE) I have spoken to you, so that in Me you may have peace. In the world you have tribulation (thlipsis), but take courage (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey); I have overcome (perfect tense = victory at Calvary which will endure eternally!) the world.” Romans 3:4+ May it never be! Rather, let God be found true, though every man be found a liar, as it is written, “THAT YOU MAY BE JUSTIFIED IN YOUR WORDS, AND PREVAIL WHEN YOU ARE JUDGED.” Romans 12:21+ Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) evil with good. 1 John 2:13+ I am writing to you, fathers, because you know Him who has been from the beginning. I am writing to you, young men, because (TERM OF EXPLANATION) you have overcome (perfect tense = when you became a believer with this effect enduring) the evil one (DEVIL AND HIS CHILDREN). I have written to you, children, because you know the Father. 1 John 2:14+ I have written to you, fathers, because you know Him who has been from the beginning. I have written to you, young men, because you are strong, and the word of God abides in you, and you have overcome (perfect tense = when you became a believer with this effect enduring) the evil one (DEVIL AND HIS CHILDREN). 1 John 4:4+ You are from God, little children, and have (perfect tense = when you became a believer with this effect enduring) them; because greater is He who is in you (Christ - Col 1:27+, Spirit of Christ - 1Co 6:19+) than he who is in the world (DEVIL AND HIS CHILDREN). 1 John 5:4+ For whatever is born (perfect tense = past completed act, enduring effect = cf "Eternal Security"!) of God overcomes the world; and this is the victory that has overcome the world–our faith. 1 John 5:5+ Who is the one who overcomes the world, but he who believes that Jesus is the Son of God? Revelation 2:7+ ‘He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who (present tense - continually) overcomes, I will grant to eat of the tree of life which is in the Paradise of God.’ Revelation 2:11+ ‘He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He who (present tense - continually) overcomes will not be hurt by the second death.’ Revelation 2:17+ ‘He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who (present tense - continually) overcomes, to him I will give some of the hidden manna, and I will give him a white stone, and a new name written on the stone which no one knows but he who receives it.’ Revelation 2:26+ ‘He who (present tense - continually) overcomes, and he who keeps My deeds until the end, TO HIM I WILL GIVE AUTHORITY OVER THE NATIONS; Revelation 3:5+ ‘He who (present tense - continually) overcomes will thus be clothed in white garments; and I will not erase his name from the book of life, and I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels. Revelation 3:12+ ‘He who (present tense - continually) overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will not go out from it anymore; and I will write on him the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from My God, and My new name. Revelation 3:21+ ‘He who (present tense - continually) overcomes, I will grant to him to sit down with Me on My throne, as I also overcame and sat down with My Father on His throne. Revelation 5:5+ and one of the elders *said to me, “Stop weeping; behold, the Lion that is from the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has overcome so as to open the book and its seven seals.” Revelation 6:2+ I looked, and behold, a white horse, and he who sat on it had a bow; and a crown was given to him, and he went out conquering and to conquer. Revelation 11:7+ When they (Rev 11:3+) have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up out of the abyss will make war with them, and overcome them and kill them. Revelation 12:11+ “And they overcame him because of the blood of the Lamb and because of the word of their testimony, and they did not love their life even when faced with death. Revelation 13:7+ It was also given to him (ANTICHRIST) to make war with the saints and to overcome them, and authority over every tribe and people and tongue and nation was given to him. Revelation 15:2+ And I saw something like a sea of glass mixed with fire, and those who (present tense - continually) had been victorious over the beast and his image and the number of his name, standing on the sea of glass, holding harps of God. Revelation 17:14+ “These will wage war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will overcome them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings, and those who are with Him are the called and chosen and faithful.” Revelation 21:7+ “He who (present tense - continually) overcomes will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be My son. Erase (cancel out, blot out, wipe away) (1813) exaleipho from ek = out, intensive [adds sense of "completely" - see also Vincent's note below] + aleipho = wipe, cover over, besmear) means literally to completely wipe off. Literally exaleipho means to remove by wiping off, as when a blackboard is erased. The word was applied to the process of obliterating writing on any material. Some of the uses in Scripture retain this literal meaning but most uses speak of a figurative blotting out or wiping off. The idea in all the uses is to cause something to cease by obliterating or eliminating any evidence. Twice in the Revelation God promises He will wipe away every tear. A number of uses in both OT (Septuagint) and the NT use this verb to describe the blotting out or wiping away of sins. Exaleipho was used by Thucydides of whitewashing a wall. Exaleipho - 5x - Acts 3:19+; Col. 2:14+; Rev. 3:5+; Rev. 7:17+ = "God will wipe every tear from their eyes"; Rev. 21:4+ = "He will wipe away every tear from their eyes" Name (3686) onoma means that by which something or someone is called or known. Thus a name constitutes the distinctive designation of a person or thing. However in antiquity the name meant more than it does today. We use a name as little more than a distinguishing mark or label to differentiate one person from another. But in the ancient world the name signified not only the person's identity but the inherent character of the person designated by the name. Stated another way, in ancient times, one's whole character (title, reputation, person) was implied in the name. For example, in John 1:12+ to "believe in His Name" (cf Jn 3:18+, John 20:31+, 1Jn 3:23+) is to believe (with a belief that results in a new, "circumcised" heart) in all Jesus is and all He has accomplished to effect our eternal redemption (Heb 9:12+). Onoma in the Revelation - Rev. 2:3+; Rev. 2:13+; Rev. 2:17+; Rev. 3:1+; Rev. 3:4+; Rev. 3:5+; Rev. 3:8+; Rev. 3:12+; Rev. 6:8+; Rev. 8:11+; Rev. 9:11+; Rev. 11:13+; Rev. 11:18+; Rev. 13:1+; Rev. 13:6+; Rev. 13:8+; Rev. 13:17+; Rev. 14:1+; Rev. 14:11+; Rev. 15:2+; Rev. 15:4+; Rev. 16:9+; Rev. 17:3+; Rev. 17:5+; Rev. 17:8+; Rev. 19:12+; Rev. 19:13+; Rev. 19:16+; Rev. 21:12+; Rev. 21:14+; Rev. 22:4+ Confess (acknowledge, profess, admit, promise) (3670) homologeo from homos = one and the same or together with+ lego = to say; confess from con = together, fateor = to say.) literally means to say the same thing as another and so to agree in one's statements with, to acknowledge, to admit the truth of (an accusation). This is the only use in Revelation. Homologeo - 23v - Matt. 7:23+; Matt. 10:32+; Matt. 14:7+; Lk. 12:8+; Jn. 1:20+; Jn. 9:22+; Jn. 12:42+; Acts 7:17+; Acts 23:8+; Acts 24:14+; Rom. 10:9+; Rom. 10:10+; 1 Tim. 6:12+; Tit. 1:16+; Heb. 11:13+; Heb. 13:15+; 1 Jn. 1:9+; 1 Jn. 2:23+; 1 Jn. 4:2+; 1 Jn. 4:3+; 1 Jn. 4:15+; 2 Jn. 1:7+; Rev. 3:5+ WHO IS AN OVERCOMER? WHAT IS OVERCOME? HOW IS IT OVERCOME? Rev 12:11+ Saints overcome Satan BECAUSE: (1) The blood of the Lamb (2) The word of their testimony (3) Not loving their life even to death! Rev 17:14+ Lamb overcomes kings and beast (antichrist) BECAUSE: He is Lord of lords and King of kings 1 Jn 2:14+ Young men overcome the evil one BECAUSE: (1) They are strong (2) Word of God abides in you 1 Jn 4:4+ Saints (little children) overcome the false prophets and spirit of antichrist BECAUSE: Greater is He (Spirit -1Jn 3:24+) Who is 1 Jn 5:4-5+ Whoever is born of God overcomes the world BECAUSE: (1) Our faith overcomes the world (2) He who believes (as a lifestyle) that Jesus is the Son of God John 16:33+ Saints overcome their tribulation in the world BECAUSE: (1) They are in Christ (2) Christ has overcome the world C H
Apocalipse 3
Garland - It is Christ’s desire that “those who hear the words of this prophecy” (Rev. 1:3+) not only hear the subject matter, but understand its significance. This phrase recognizes the reality that those whose hearts are not open to Christ may hear (or read) the words, but will not understand the message: If we desire that God would reveal more to us, we must first respond in obedience to that which has already been revealed. If we fail to respond to what He has already revealed, then we stand to lose what we already understand (Mark 4:24-25+; Luke 8:18+). Spurgeon rightly said "There are many, who have ears, who do not hear to any real purpose. There is the physical act of hearing, but they do not hear in the heart and the mind. It is a very different thing to have an impression on the drum of the ear and to have an impression on the tablet of the heart. “He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.” John
Apocalipse 3
Garland - The Laodicean church had religion, but was lacking relationship. They had attempted to substitute their own righteousness (Pr. 20:6; Proverbs 21:2; Mtt. 5:20; Luke 10:29+; Luke 18:9+) for the righteousness that can only come from God (Rom. 10:3+). They were clothed in see-through garments of their own works—naked but unable to see their condition. They needed to purchase from God the robes of righteousness. The following favor non-believers (and Rev 3:20+ is addressed to them) - Henry Alford/ Grant Osborne is non-committal but does write "But you are neither; you are totally ineffective, devoid of works and useless to God, and you make me sick.”....Rev 3:20+, is one of the most famous passages in Scripture, but it is often misunderstood as referring to evangelism when it really deals with church revival." COMMENT - Beloved, if one is "devoid of works" what does James says "that faith without works is useless...For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead." (James 2:20,26+) Osborne seems to imply the church does not need to be evangelized, but that they are already born again and just need to be revived from their complacent state. Lukewarm (5513)(chliaros from chlio = to become warm) of temperature between cold and hot lukewarm, tepid; metaphorically, of a half-hearted condition of love and loyalty. Literally moderately warm, figuratively showing little enthusiasm. The only use in the Bible. Chliaros - 1x - Rev 3:16+. Not used in the Septuagint. Hot (2200)(zestos) means boiling, boiling hot, hot (cf English "zest") and in Rev 3:15-16+ figuratively speaks of spiritual fervor. Fervent in spirit. Zealous. The rare word zestós occurs for “cooked” meat, “glowing” sand, and “boiling” water. It has the sense of “hot” as distinct from “tepid” or “cold.” No uses in the Septuagint. R L Thomas - "Zestos (“hot”) is...derived from zeō (“I boil”), which in its participial form is usually translated “fervent” (cf. Acts 18:25+; Ro 12:11+). Hot describes a person characterized by a healthy spiritual fervor. The picture is of one who has been heated to a boiling point by some outside source and has maintained that state (Alford; Charles; Beckwith; Lenski)" Zestos - 3x/2v - hot Rev. 3:15+; Rev. 3:16+. Not used in the Septuagint. Cold (5593) (psuchros from psucho - to breathe, blow) means cold, chilly, cool. Literally psuchros refers to a cup of cold water (Mt 10:42+) where Jesus told His disciples that doing acts of benevolence for those in need is equivalent to doing them for Christ himself. Psuchros is used metaphorically in Rev 3:15-16+ to describe one's life as cold (or hot) and thus devoid of any good quality. In classical Greek psuchros, is an adjective that describes things as “cold” (water, air, dead things, meat, etc.; Liddell-Scott). Psuchros is used more often in a figurative way to describe things as ineffectual or vain, feelings as cold, people as heartless or vain, jokes and literature as flat or insipid. Once in the Septuagint of Pr 25:25. Psuchros - 4x/3v - Matt. 10:42+; Rev. 3:15+; Rev. 3:16+. Septuagint - Pr 25:25 Spit (1692)(emeo) means to spit out, vomit, throw up. Related to the Latin vomere. Reject with extreme disgust or contempt. Once in the Septuagint in Isaiah 19:14. This gives us our English emetic which is used in medicine of a substance that induces vomiting often in order to purge something toxic that has entered the stomach (e.g., Syrup of Ipecac which is used to induce vomiting). Emeo - 1x in Rev 3:16+. Once in the Septuagint - Isa 19:14. Dictionary of Biblical Imagery - VOMIT - Vomiting is one of numerous biblical images of revulsion (see DISGUST, REVULSION). The image is usually used in relation to sin or its disgraceful punishment. Proverbs 26:11 likens a persistence in sin and folly to “a dog that returns to its vomit” (RSV), and 2 Peter 2:22+ compares the apostate who abandons the Christian faith to a dog that “turns back to his own vomit” (RSV). The word is found most often in the OT prophets as a part of God’s judgment on the nations. In such passages vomiting is often a natural result of drunkenness and a sign of defilement and excess that God views as disgraceful. In Jeremiah, God declares that the nations he is judging will be forced to drink a “cup of the wine of wrath” that will cause then to “drink, be drunk and vomit, fall and rise no more, because of the sword” God is sending to destroy them (Jer 25:15, 27+ RSV). Similarly, God promises to punish Egypt with a spirit of confusion that will make it “stagger … as a drunken man staggers in his vomit” (Is 19:14 RSV), and the drunkards of Ephraim will find that “all tables are full of vomit” (Is 28:8 RSV). God also promises to make Moab drunk to “wallow in his vomit, and … be held in derision” (Jer 48:26 RSV). In such prophetic visions of judgment, drunkenness and its attendant vomiting are vividly symbolic of both the depravity into which nations have fallen and the punishment and disgrace to which God appropriately subjects them. In another type of image, people under judgment are not pictured as themselves vomiting but as being vomited out, again a picture of revulsion. In Leviticus, God declares that the Promised Land vomited up its previous inhabitants because of their depravity (Lev 18:25+). God promises similar rejection to the children of Israel if they defile the land with their sins (Lev 18:28+; Leviticus 20:22+). When Israel disobeyed God, he allowed King Nebuchadnezzar to devour and crush the nation, so that it lamented, “He has swallowed me like a monster; he has filled his belly with my delicacies, he has spewed me out” (Jer 51:34 NRSV). In Revelation, God threatens a similar judgment to those who refuse to take their faith seriously, declaring that because the Laodiceans are lukewarm, he will spew them out of his mouth (Rev 3:16+). Vomiting is here a gesture of disgust, as when the fish expelled Jonah on the land (Jon 2:10); while the act rescued Jonah from his watery threat, the word used is a term of repulsion that suggests that Jonah was nauseating to the fish. At times vomiting graphically portrays the biting betrayal of sin, especially overindulgence in its various forms. Thus the sages promise that the wicked must vomit up the wealth they have swallowed (Job 20:15) and that vomiting is the gruesome penalty for overindulgence (Prov 25:16; Proverbs 23:8). See also DISGUST, REVULSION; DUNG; EATING; MOUTH; SPIT. (BORROW - see page 3086) TECHNICAL NOTE - "There Was No Aqueduct From Hierapolis to Laodicea. If an aqueduct had ever been built from Hierapolis to Laodicea, there would be some evidence of it. Furthermore, it would have been the most impressive Roman aqueduct ever built! The distance from the springs at Hierapolis to Laodicea is approximately 6 miles. Roman aqueduct systems were regularly this long and longer, but not over an open expanse. Aqueducts typically followed the terrain to minimize the work required. If necessary, the channel could cross a canyon on a bridge, or even a plain on a series of arches known as an arcade. The longest known arcade is part of the Zaghouan aqueduct that fed Carthage in North Africa, stretching 6.9 miles. At it’s highest, though, this arcade is only 65 feet tall. (Section of the longest Roman aqueduct arcade, leading to Carthage) By contrast, a hypothetical aqueduct from Hierapolis to Laodicea would need to cross 6 miles, but at a sustained height of over 330 ft! (See this very interesting Google Earth view of a hypothetical line from the hot springs at Hierapolis to Laodicea, with an elevation profile) The white travertine pools of Heirapolis/Pamukkale are easily visible from Laodicea on a normal day. This photo shows the view toward Hierapolis from the large theater on the north side of Hierapolis. The travertine terraces of the hot springs at Hierapolis/Pamukkale are visible as a white splotch across the valley. Imagine the magnitude of an aqueduct bridge that would span this distance at eye level! The tallest known Roman aqueduct bridge is the Pont d’Ael, in northern Italy (see picture). This bridge carried water 216 ft above the canyon floor, but the bridge is only 198 ft long from end to end, making it taller than it is wide. The better known Pont duGard is 899 ft long, and 161 ft tall (See picture). It is an impressive bridge, and one of the best preserved Roman aqueduct bridges, but it pales in comparison to the bridge that would have been needed to bring water from Hierapolis to Laodicea. An aqueduct bridge from Hierapolis to Laodicea would have needed to be more than twice this tall, and 35 times as long! The Romans sometimes used an inverted siphon to cross valleys, allowing them to use a reduced height bridge system. The problem with this kind of system was that water pressure became an issue as the height increased. In fact, such a system was used at Laodicea to cross the short saddle between the city and the hills to the south, but it was a relatively short and shallow siphon. It was made of large blocks of limestone, each with a hollow center, that were fitted tightly together. (See picture)..... There Was No Aqueduct From Colossae to Laodicea. The reasons for this are quite practical. There were good sources of water closer to Laodicea than the streams that fed Colossae, some 9 miles distant. There was no point in building an aqueduct from Colossae to Laodicea when closer water sources were at hand, and in fact there are no traces of any aqueduct from Colossae to Laodicea. Laodicea’s Water Came From the South. Laodicea’s water supply system has been discovered and traced, and it carried water from the hills to the south, the logical direction. Two springs are known to have been used; the Kara Huseyin Pinari spring, 2.8 miles away, and the larger Baspinar spring, approximately 5 miles away. The portion of the aqueduct system that has been traced at Laodicea is shown in blue on the photo (See picture); it was likely much longer originally. Most of the aqueduct follows the contour of the land, more like a canal, and did not require the construction of any bridge or supporting arches. (discussion) ILLUSTRATION - John