1 Coríntios 2

Tony Garland · Citado em PreceptAustin

1 Coríntios 2

Garland notes that "Paul shifts his focus to the means by which God reveals heavenly truth that is naturally unknowable. How can something that has no place in the human heart be made known? How do humans cross the divide between the world and God? These can happen only through God’s Spirit, Who searches all things, even the depths of God. Human creatures do not have access to these things and do not even have the grammar or vocabulary for them until it is graciously bestowed by God’s Spirit." (1 Corinthians - Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament) Archibald Brown - "This text (1 Cor 2:10KJV) is vitally united, you will see, to the verse which precedes it, because this verse begins with 'but,' (ED: NAS = "FOR") and that rivets it to the prior verse — it is the outcome of it — and that prior verse (1 Cor 2:9) has, I suppose, suffered more from misquotation and misapplication than any other verse in inspired writ. (ED: I HAVE TO SAY "AMEN!") You know it well: 'Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God has prepared for them that love him.' That text is always handed over to Heaven, and it is read as if it taught that Heaven is such a beautiful, such a glorious place, that really we know nothing whatever about it; that no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and no heart can imagine, all the beautiful things that are stored up in an at present unseen Heaven.I need hardly say that Heaven was not in the apostle's mind when he penned the words. You will see that so far from teaching that these things are not to be seen or cannot be known, the apostle goes on to say, in the language of our text, which is never quoted (ED: THUS EMPHASIZING THE VITAL IMPORTANCE OF CONTEXT FOR ACCURATE INTERPRETATION), 'But God has revealed them.' 1 Cor 2:10KJV) What a pity it is to cry halt and pull up at the end of the ninth verse, and say, 'Eye has not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things that God has prepared for them that love him,' and not to go on to the next verse, 'But God has revealed them.' The simple teaching of the passage is this: that mere worldly wisdom can never understand spiritual teaching; that there must be a revelation made by God, and that the work of the Holy Spirit is to make clear to men what they never could learn, either through the eye, through the ear, or by the imagination. God has revealed these glories to us, because there is no other way in which we could acquire a knowledge of them but by revelation. Mental perception, however keen, is not enough; you cannot fathom eternal realities. God has to draw the veil over these beauties, and reveal the facts in Scripture — and then the Holy Spirit reveals the Scripture again to us. There is thus a double revelation — God revealing his truth in the Word, and then the Holy Spirit revealing the Word unto us. Is it not true that the eye does not see these things? Millions of eyes can see God's work — but they never see the Artificer; millions of ears can hear the voice of God — but they never recognize that which is spoken. God must be revealed to be known. (1 Corinthians 2:10 The Deep Things of God 1899) The question to whom does "US" and "WE" refer (US in 1 Cor 2:10,12, WE in 1 Cor 2:12, 13)? Some writers feel US/WE is restricted to Paul and the other apostles who received inspiration from the Spirit and recorded His revelation. Others feel US/WE refers to all believers. I would suggest that even if the US refers only to the apostles, the truths revealed about the Holy Spirit in principle would be applicable in the lives of all believers. There are clearly good expositors on both sides of this interpretation. So below are some interpretations.of WE/US. Why is this important? As best I can discern the major difference is that if you believe the WE/US in verse 10-13 refers to the Paul and the apostles, then the point is that they were the ones who received the direct REVELATION (1 Cor 2:10 = "for TO US God REVEALED them...") and they were the one's who recorded the INSPIRED writings (1 Cor 2:12-13 = "WE have received...that WE might know the things freely given to US by God, which things WE also speak."). While Paul does not say "which things we also wrote down," he does say "speak" and thus this would be equivalent to claiming that what he said was INSPIRED. Does that make sense? Other resources that discuss inspiration of Scripture will quote Paul's words in 1 Corinthians 2 in support of that doctrine clearly indicating that they interpret the WE/US in this section to be referring to PAUL and the APOSTLES who penned holy writ. For example here are a few resources discussing INSPIRATION and citing 1 Corinthians 2... Halley's Bible Handbook - "Paul claimed for his teaching the inspiration of God (1 Corinthians 2:7-13; 14:37; 1 Thessalonians 2:13)." Gotquestions.org - "While there are different views as to the extent to which the Bible is inspired, there can be no doubt that the Bible itself claims that every word in every part of the Bible comes from God (1 Corinthians 2:12-13; 2 Timothy 3:16-17). This view of the Scriptures is often referred to as “verbal plenary inspiration.” (What does it mean that the Bible is inspired? ) H A Ironside's Illustrations of Bible Truth - 1 Cor 2:12, 13 Verbal Inspiration The following group interpret WE/US as referring to all believers William Baker - Despite the claim that the first-person plural occurrences here through 2:12 are editorial, referring to Paul alone (Kaiser 1981:311), it is contextually better to understand that Paul includes all true believers in his explanation of the Spirit’s role in both communicating and receiving the gospel (Garland 2003:99; Lofthouse 1955:75). (Cornerstone Bible Commentary) Schreiner - We stands here for all believers, and those who believe have received … the Spirit who is from God. The mark of believers is that they have ‘received’ the Spirit, and elsewhere Paul speaks of the inception of the Christian life as receiving (lambanō) the Spirit (Rom. 8:15; Gal. 3:2, 14). Indeed, the mark of being a Christian is the presence of the Spirit in one’s life (Rom. 8:9). (TNTC-1Cor) Faith Life Study Bible (Logos) - God has shown the hidden wisdom of God to those who follow Christ (v. 7). Paul argues that people desiring to know more or have greater wisdom should seek to walk more closely with Christ, as God reveals His eternal work to people this way. Leon

1 Coríntios 2

Garland adds that Paul is doing in this passage “is to draw a thick and heavy line between things human and divine and to place the things of God squarely outside the limits of human knowing.” That line is crossed only by the divine Spirit, who works in humans “a likeness of the Lord” (2Cor. 3:18) and enables the confession “Jesus is Lord” (1Cor 12:3; Gärtner 1967–68: 221)." (Ibid) Who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? - This is a truism everyone knows - only a man/woman knows their inmost thoughts. We cannot know what another man is thinking, his "self-consciousness." As an aside, this Biblical statement totally debunks so-called "mind reading" - it simply cannot be done by human beings! By God, yes, but not by men. Brian Bell - You can learn things about me by observing me or by what people say about me; but you can’t know what is going on in my mind or my spirit unless I choose to reveal it to you. Only I know what I’m thinking! (besides my wife she’s pretty good at it) Likewise, only the Spirit of God knows the mind of God.

1 Coríntios 2

1 Coríntios 2:10-16

Garland adds that Paul is doing in this passage “is to draw a thick and heavy line between things human and divine and to place the things of God squarely outside the limits of human knowing.” That line is crossed only by the divine Spirit, who works in humans “a likeness of the Lord” (2Cor. 3:18) and enables the confession “Jesus is Lord” (1Cor 12:3; Gärtner 1967–68: 221)." (Ibid) Who among men knows the thoughts of a man - We cannot know what another man is thinking, his "self-consciousness." As an aside, this Biblical statement totally debunks so-called "mind reading" - it simply cannot be done by human beings! By God, yes, but not by men. Pr 20:27 says "The spirit (that part God created with moral, intellectual and spiritual capacities) of man is the lamp of the LORD (the idea is the human spirit is like a lamp - in essence describing the function of the conscience, enabling people to know and do right and wrong), searching (eraunao) all the innermost parts of his being." The spirit of the man -

1 Coríntios 2:10-16

Garland adds that those who have received the Holy Spirit "are the opposite of persons directed by the spirit of the world (Eph. 2:2). It is that rebellious temper, analogous to the wisdom of the world (1Cor 1:20; 2:6; 3:19) and compelled by “another spirit” (2Cor. 11:4), that resists God’s Spirit and makes one incapable of recognizing the revelation of God except as foolishness. But Paul’s main point is that what derives from this world cannot bridge the gap to apprehend God. (Ibid) Henry Alford on the spirit of the world - Not merely, the mind and sentiments of unregenerate mankind, but the spirit (personally and objectively taken) of the world,—the spirit which is now working in the sons of disobedience, Eph. 2:2, where it is strictly personal. (1 Corinthians 2 - Greek Testament Critical Exegetical Commentary) Marvin Vincent on not the spirit of the world - The phrase means the principle of evil which animates the unregenerate world (Ed: See discussion of world or kosmos below); not the personal spirit of evil or Satan, since Paul does not use pneuma (spirit) elsewhere in the personal sense of an evil spirit. (1 Corinthians 2 - Vincent's Word Studies) Charles Hodge writes that "When Paul says he had not received that spirit, he means that human reason was not the source of the knowledge which he communicated." (1 Corinthians 2 - Hodge's Commentary) The spirit of the world could also be what is known in popular parlance as Zeitgeist, that entrenched, resolute anti-God philosophy which permeates the entire world system. John aptly describes the spirit of the world writing "all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the boastful pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world." (1Jn 2:16+, cp James 4:4+) The spirit of the world is that spirit that appeals to man's fallen nature. And because believers still possess the fallen nature (sarx), they must continually be alert to the subtle, seductive nature of the godless world system especially the erudite philosophy of the world! In my experience, the best way to battle against the spirit of the world is to surrender to the Spirit of Christ, trusting wholly in His power to protect us from "spiritual attacks." In the preceding context Paul had been addressing the wisdom of the world, which is "contaminated" by the godless "spirit of the world" and contrasting it with the hidden wisdom of God- " And my message and my preaching were not in persuasive (capacity to convince or win over) words of wisdom, but in demonstration (manifestation, proof) of the Spirit and of power, that your faith should not rest on the wisdom of men, but on the power of God. Yet we do speak wisdom among those who are mature; a wisdom, however, not of this age (referring to the present sinful age, the world system now dominated by Satan and out of which believers have been delivered = Gal 1:4), nor of the rulers of this age, who are passing away; but we speak God's wisdom in a mystery, the hidden wisdom (cp 1Cor 2:14), which God predestined before the ages to our glory (cp Eph 3:9); the wisdom which none of the rulers of this age has understood (1Cor 2:14); for if they had understood it, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory; (1Cor 2:4-8+) First Corinthians abounds with "real life" examples of the spirit of the world - petty divisions in 1Cor 3:1-4, immorality (1Cor 5:1ff), lawsuits between believers (1Cor 6:1ff), idolatry (1Cor 8:1-8), etc. World (2889)(kosmos related to the verb kosmeo = to order or adorn) refers to an ordered system. As used in this context, kosmos defines the world not as a neutral influence but as an "evil force", the inveterate, incorrigible, intractable, intransigent, irrevocable enemy of God and of every person who follows Jesus (e.g., Jn 15:18-19, 17:14). This begs the question "Why would any believer ever desire to befriend or be friends with such a 'ferocious' foe?" (cp James 4:4-note, 1Jn 2:15-17-note) Kosmos describes the system of godless values, priorities, and reasoning that unbelievers hold, all of which selectively exclude God. Let us make no mistake about it, the spirit of the world is neither neutral nor weak, but indefatigably creates an atmosphere (if you will) of powerful, anti-God attitudes and motivations which control the thinking and the actions of every unregenerate man, woman and child on planet earth. Trench summarizes the definition of kosmos, the anti-God world system, as "All that floating mass of thoughts, opinions, maxims, speculations, hopes, impulses, aims, aspirations, at any time current in the world, which it may be impossible to seize and accurately define, but which constitutes a most real and effective power, being the moral, or immoral atmosphere which at every moment of our lives we inhale, again inevitably to exhale." THE SPIRIT FROM GOD The Spirit Who is from God - Not spirit (pneuma) with a little "s," but with a capital "S," the Holy Spirit of God. Like every believer, the apostles received the Spirit when they were born again, for "if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him (God)." (Ro 8:9-note) Jesus described the giving of the Spirit in vivid terms declaring "He who believes in Me, as the Scriptures said, from his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water.'" But this He spoke of the Spirit, whom those who believed in Him were to receive; for the Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified." (Jn 7:38-39+, Jn 6:63) Paul speaks of the Spirit This is the only thing I want to find out from you: did you receive the Spirit by the works of the Law, or by hearing with faith? (Gal 3:2+)