Marcos 8
Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin
Marcos 8
Constable has an interesting analysis - This pericope parallels and recalls Jesus’ teaching about bread when He cast the demon out of the Phoenician girl (Mk 7:24–30). In both cases leavened bread metaphorically represented teaching. The Gentile woman wanted Jesus’ teaching and so presented a positive example for the disciples. The Jewish religious leaders rejected Jesus’ teaching and advanced false teaching, which Jesus warned His disciples to avoid. And (kai) marks continuation of preceding section Mk 8:11-13. they had forgotten to take bread - Don't miss the context. The disciples had just witnessed a striking confrontation between Jesus and the religious leaders and this is what they should have been discussing. Instead they are worried about bread!!! The disciples are still more governed by their stomach than by their heart! What had they forgotten? They had forgotten to take some from the 7 baskets from the feeding of the 4000. They had also forgotten about the miracle "Bread Maker!" And did not have more than one loaf in the boat with them - But what would one loaf be in the hands of Jesus? While the disciples focused on literal bread, Jesus would use their need to focus on a greater need, their spiritual need as described below. The one loaf, a thin, hard bread cake which kept well, was the sole remainder of their previous store of food. Mark 8:15 And He was giving orders to them, saying, "Watch out! Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod." Wuest And He repeatedly charged them, saying, Constantly be keeping a discerning mind’s eye upon, and ever be on the lookout for the leaven of the Pharisees and of the Herodians. (Wuest) NET Mark 8:15 And Jesus ordered them, "Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod!" NLT Mark 8:15 As they were crossing the lake, Jesus warned them, "Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and of Herod." ESV Mark 8:15 And he cautioned them, saying, "Watch out; beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod." NIV Mark 8:15 "Be careful," Jesus warned them. "Watch out for the yeast of the Pharisees and that of Herod." GNT Mark 8:15 καὶ διεστέλλετο αὐτοῖς λέγων, Ὁρᾶτε, βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῆς ζύμης τῶν Φαρισαίων καὶ τῆς ζύμης Ἡρῴδου. KJV Mark 8:15 And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod. YLT Mark 8:15 and he was charging them, saying, 'Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod,' ASV Mark 8:15 And he charged them, saying, Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod. CSB Mark 8:15 Then He commanded them: "Watch out! Beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod." NKJ Mark 8:15 Then He charged them, saying, "Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod." NRS Mark 8:15 And he cautioned them, saying, "Watch out-- beware of the yeast of the Pharisees and the yeast of Herod." giving orders Nu 27:19-23 1Ch 28:9,10,20 1Ti 5:21 6:13 2Ti 2:14 Watch out! Beware: Pr 19:27 Mt 16:6,11,12 Lu 12:1,2,15 the leaven of the: Ex 12:18-20 Lev 2:11 1Co 5:6-8 of Herod: Mk 12:13 Mt 22:15-18 Mark 8 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Verses 1 Corinthians 5:8 Therefore let us celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth. Matthew 16:6+ And Jesus said to them, “Watch out! and Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and Sadducees.” THE SUBTLE, CORRUPTING INFLUENCE OF "RELIGIOUS LEAVEN" And He was giving orders to them - Giving (strict) orders (diastello - commanding with authority) is in the imperfect tense indicating that Jesus was repeating these emphatic commands! The repeated warning was needed. Obviously avoidance of the leavening influence of the false teachers was absolutely crucial to maintain the integrity of the Gospel! It was then and is still crucial today! Jesus used the leaven in the loaf the disciples had brought to spin off into a spiritual conversation with His men. Saying "Watch out! Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of Herod - Both commands are in the present imperative calling for the disciples to continually be vigilant and on alert for the leaven of the legalists, for their "leaven" could be very subtle and even appear "spiritual." In Luke Jesus warned His disciples "Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy." (Lk 12:1+) Herod presumably stands for the party of the Herodians. So here Jesus presents what is in essence a riddle using the picture of leaven (which was used to make bread) and the disciples totally missed Jesus' point as seen in Mark 8:16. Jesus' warning in Matthew included the "leaven of the...Sadducees." In context leaven speaks of the evil influence of these men for it was a symbol of corruption. The poison of these snakes was like a little piece of leaven which could permeate all the dough with dramatic negative effects. Matthew's account did not mention the leaven of Herod, which probably refers to his immoral conduct, etc.
Marcos 8
Constable - The disciples’ interest in the problem of lack of food contrasts with Jesus’ fervent concern over unbelief (cf. Mk 8:12, 15). Spiritual truth failed to impress them because they had minds that were not open to it (Mk 8:17). Guerlich notes that "Here, we find the climax of the repeated Markan theme about the disciples’ lack of understanding (Mk 8:17b, 21; cf. Mk 4:13, 41; 6:37, 52; 7:18; 8:4).” (WBC)
Marcos 8
Constable adds "Sight is a common metaphor for understanding. The disciples should have seen the deaf man as a picture of themselves unable to comprehend what Jesus said. This blind man also represented them in their inability to understand what Jesus showed them Jesus could and would make them whole as He healed these two physically limited men." C H
Marcos 8
Constable - The timing of this question in Jesus’ ministry was very important. The disciples had believed that Jesus was the Messiah from the beginning of their contact with Him (John 1:41, 51). However their understanding of the Messiah then was the traditional one of their day, namely that of a political leader. The multitudes likewise failed to understand that Jesus was much more than that. The religious leaders where becoming increasingly antagonistic. The disciples were about to receive new revelation regarding Jesus that would have costly implications for them. Therefore it was necessary for them to confess Jesus’ identity clearly and unmistakably now. And He continued by questioning them, "But who do you say that I am?" - You is plural (all 12) and emphatic! Say (lego) is plural underscoring the fact that His question was addressed to all 12 disciples. Questioning is eperotao in the imperfect tense indicating again and again. “He kept on questioning them.” This is Jesus' final exam question.
Marcos 8
Constable - Peter’s confession constitutes a high-water mark in the disciples’ understanding of and commitment to Jesus. They still had much to learn about the significance of Jesus being the Messiah that the Old Testament promised and its implications. Nevertheless now Jesus could build on their faith and commitment.
Marcos 8
Constable - The three groups that would reject Jesus constituted the Sanhedrin. The elders were its lay members. They were men of wealth and were the leaders of aristocratic families. The chief priests were the ranking priests and were mostly Sadducees. They occupied a hereditary office and supervised the temple and the sacrificial system. The chief priests included Annas, Caiaphas, and the leaders of the 24 divisions of the priesthood. The scribes or teachers of the law were the approved interpreters of the law, and they were mostly Pharisees. They were the theologians and lawyers of Judaism who were experts in Israel’s laws. Together these three groups formed a united front as opponents of Jesus. Hiebert - be rejected means that He would be subjected to an official examination and, like a spurious coin, be disapproved. Because He did not meet its standards for the Messiah, the Sanhedrin as a definite act would reject Him. The three groups composing the Sanhedrin are made distinct by the definite article before each; each group would equally share the guilt. The elders were influential lay leaders of the nation who were members of the court. Only in this enumeration of its constituent elements are they named first. The chief priests included the official high priest, any ex-high priest, and the leaders of the twenty-four courses. They were Sadducees and the most influential element in the court. The scribes, mostly Pharisees, were the professional interpreters of the Mosaic law and the guardians of the rabbinical tradition. Had the Sanhedrin not persisted in its absolute rejection of Jesus, Pilate would not have crucified Jesus. (Gospel of Mark - An Expositional Commentary)