Isaías 53
Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 53
Constable - Sheep are notoriously shortsighted; they go after the next clump of grass without regard to where their feet may lead them. They are also self-centered; their only thought is how they can satisfy themselves with no concern for the welfare of other sheep. Consequently sheep often get lost. Humans are the same. (Isaiah 53 Commentary)(ED: cf Pr 16:25, Jdg 21:25) Motyer says all of us like sheep describes "the folly and thoughtlessness of sin leading to the danger inherent in being sheep without a shepherd." (Ibid) Warren
Isaías 53
Constable notes that Isaiah 53 "is also the middle chapter in part two of the book (chs. 40-66). Most of the approximately 80 references to Isaiah in the New Testament come from this chapter." The Gospel According to Isaiah 53 writes that "In informal surveys among Messianic Jews, it is clear that Isaiah 53, more that any other portion of Scripture, has been used by God to lead Jewish people to Himself. However, there has never been an evangelistic campaign that used this text as the focal point in bringing the Gospel to Jewish people. The task of raising the awareness of the average Jewish person to this great passage of the Hebrew Scriptures is a challenge, as many Jewish people today are secular and have not studied the book of Isaiah or the Scriptures in depth. Chosen People Ministries conducted a professional precampaign phone survey of almost 600 Jewish homes in New York City to gauge their degree of familiarity with the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53. The results confirmed that most Jewish people are unfamiliar with this chapter....8% of those who responded said they were extremely familiar with Isaiah 53...and 72% had little familiarity with the passage and the concept of the Suffering Servant in it." F Duane Lindsey writes that The fourth Servant song (Isa. 52:13-53:12) “may without any exaggeration be called the most important text of the Old Testament.” This is confirmed first by its numerous citations in the New Testament (e.g., Luke 22:37; Acts 8:30-35; 1 Pet. 2:22-25),2 and second by the voluminous Jewish and Christian literature which has been based on this prophecy down through the centuries....the first two (Servant) songs (Isa. 42:1-9; 49:1-13) emphasized the ultimate success of Yahweh’s Servant-Messiah while alluding to His sufferings (Isa 42:4; 49:4), so the third song (Isa 50:4-11) amplified the sufferings and patient endurance of the Servant while implying His ultimate vindication or exaltation (Isa 50:7-9). The distinctive contribution of this fourth (Servant) song is to present the details and purpose of the Servant’s sufferings and death, particularly as they relate to His exaltation and the ultimate success of His mission....most scholars agree on the extent of this fourth song—Isaiah 52:13–15 constituting an introduction or prologue to Isaiah 53:1–12....As in the preceding two Servant songs, the fourth song also begins a cycle of thought that culminates in a powerful message of salvation (54:1–17). (The Career of the Servant in Isaiah 52:13-53:12) Isaiah 53 has been called the Great Calvary Chapter. Warren Wiersbe appropriately entitles this section of his commentary "Climbing Mount Everest." I think that picture is so apropos. One of my fellow pathology residents, Beck Weathers, made an attempt to climb Mt Everest and was one of several who were trapped in a blinding snowstorm in the 1996 Mount Everest disaster killing 8 of the climbers. Weathers survived. I heard him give a "motivational speech" in Austin, Texas about 10 years after the disaster. I would have thought his coming so near death's door would have generated a desire to know about what lies in store in the next life. I was wrong. I shared with him "Mount Everest" truths of Jesus Who died in our place, that we might live forever, but he quickly did the "Texas two step" around my presentation of the Gospel (Beck is one of the most intelligent, quick witted individuals I have ever met). That was some 20 years ago. I wonder if he has yet successfully scaled the Mount Everest of Isaiah 52:13-53:12? While I was probably a poor guide, I did point out the One Who alone is the Way, the Truth and the Life. Many men die on the "Mount Everest" of Isaiah 52:13-53:12, both Jews and Gentiles alike. Praise God that with the enablement of our supernatural Guide, the Holy Spirit, many souls have successfully scaled the heights of this majestic prophetic peak!
Isaías 53
Constable comments that "When the Lord would bare His arm to save humankind (Isa 51:9-10; 52:10; 63:12), that manifestation of His strength was not at all impressive. We might say that when God rolled up His sleeve, the arm that He exposed was not the powerful arm of a weight lifter but a scrawny arm. Nevertheless that arm would prove to be stronger than any other arm. The Arm of the Lord appears here as a person distinct from the Lord Himself, even the Servant of the Lord." (Isaiah 53 Commentary) F. C. Jennings observes, "Israel has cried and repeated the cry of, 'Awake, awake, O arm of the Lord!'. (Isa 51:9) But when that Arm came, who recognzed it? Can He—that son of the carpenter (as supposed)—can He be the arm of Jehovah? Can He, who dwells hidden, unknown in that humble home in despised Galilee, can He be the arm of Jehovah? Never a good thing comes out of Nazareth (Jn 1:46)". S Lewis
Isaías 53
Constable - Instead of appearing as a mighty oak or a flourishing fruit tree, the Servant would grow up before the Lord as a sucker, a normally unwanted shoot that sprouts up from a root." (Isaiah 53 Commentary) Brian Bell - Triple rejection: [1] Rejected His Words(report) [2] Rejected His Works Works(the arm of the Lord) [3] Rejected His Person(vs.2) (Isaiah 53 Notes) He grew up before Him like a tender shoot ("My servant grew up in the LORD's presence like a tender green shoot" - NLT) - The idea is like a "suckling shoot". What is so demeaning about Jesus being compared (term of comparison) a "tender shoot?" The Hebrew word for tender shoot is yoneq which is a Hebrew noun describing a suckling shoot growing off of the main branch or main stalk, such suckling usually being pruned because they sucked life out of the tree or plant. This is an interesting picture of Messiah because in Isa 53:8 this is exactly what happened to Him ("He was cut off out of the land of the living"). Although the Hebrew word for shoot is different earlier Isaiah describes Messiah as "a shoot (Who) will spring from the stem of Jesse" (Isa 11:1+), so some commentators see this description as an allusion to Messiah's lineage from the house of David, but that interpretation is unlikely for it does not describe a Messiah's contemptible origin, His sufferings and His rejection as in Isaiah 53. In fact the Isaiah 11:1ff passage describes the glorious millennium and is associated more with Messiah's second coming then His first coming. Jesus grew up before God and though He was unrecognized by the world, Jesus was observed carefully by His Father, Who ordered every minute circumstance of His life and Who was "well pleased" with Him (Lk 3:22+). James Culross on grew up - "Jehovah's Servant," as has been well said by another, "does not burst upon the world all at once in sudden splendour of daring or achievement, dazzling all eyes and captivating all hearts. He conforms to God's slow, silent law of growth. This law holds in every province of God's empire. Great lives are built up under this law:—a babe on mother's lap, opening its fringed eyelids to look forth wonderingly on an unknown world; a child learning to prattle and play; a boy at school; a young man with bloom on his cheek and splendid purpose in his eye; and so onward throughout successive stages....Even so did 'Jehovah's Servant' grow by a natural human growth." (Quoted by David Baron Isaiah 53 Exposition) Note the teaching conveyed by the phrase He grew up before Him - The point is that He and Him are distinct entities, alluding the the Son and the Father. Of course from a spiritual point, Jesus lived His whole life on earth as if continually in the presence of His Father (because He was)! What a pattern for His disciples to imitate! To always live our life (enabled by the Spirit of Jesus) Coram Deo! Jesus truly lived His life Coram Deo! It reminds me of Joe Stowell's story - Before (06440)(panim/paniym/paneh) literally means face or countenance from the verbal root panah meaning to turn toward. The unusual meaning is before or in front of. Before the face of God! In the presence of God which is the meaning of Coram Deo.
Isaías 53
Constable has an interesting note on stricken - Because the Hebrew word for stricken (naga) refers to smiting with leprosy in 2 Kings 15:5 (ED: REFERRING TO KING AZARIAH = UZZIAH), a tradition arose among the Jews that Messiah would be a leper! (Isaiah 53 Commentary) S Lewis
Isaías 53
Constable reminds us that "It was God who was behind the piercing and crushing of the Servant (Isa 53:6, 10). It was as though the Servant took the whipping that we deserved for being rebellious children (cf. Rom. 4:25; 1 Cor. 15:3; Heb. 5:8; 9:28; 1 Pet. 2:24-25)." God's justice and mercy met at the cross. As emphasized repeatedly, the words in Isaiah 53 will be the mournful confession of the future believing Jewish remnant for as John says "every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him." (Rev 1:7+) Jehovah says "they will look on Me Whom they have pierced; (note chalal but a different verb daqar for pierce - still clearly the same context) and they will mourn" (Zech 12:10+). The Gospel of John quotes Zechariah "And again another Scripture says, “THEY SHALL LOOK ON HIM WHOM THEY PIERCED.” Transgressions (06588)(pesha' from pasha = to rebel, transgress) means willful rebellion or revolt against authority (rising up in clear defiance of authority), guilt (incurred by transgressing). (cf Isa 1:2, 28; 43:25; 44:22; 46:8; 50:1). The fundamental idea of the root is a breach of relationships, civil or religious, between two parties (cf Jer 5:6). The same noun is used in Isaiah 53:8 explaining that the Suffering Servant "was cut off out of the land of the living For the transgression of my people." The picture is of God drawing a line in the sand and of us daring to cross that line! Pesha' is also used in Isaiah 53:8 "He was cut off out of the land of the living for the transgression of my people." Paul Apple on pesha' - Sin pictured as revolt, rebellion against the God of the universe; we cannot say the devil made me do it; we revolt all by ourselves; we don’t need the devil’s help to be rebels! Jehovah is Salvation - 1130 pages In Isaiah 43:25 God says “I, even I, am the one who wipes out your transgressions (pesha') for My own sake, And I will not remember your sins." And in Isaiah 44:22 “I have wiped out your transgressions (pesha') like a thick cloud And your sins like a heavy mist. Return to Me, for I have redeemed you.” And here in Isaiah 53:6 we see how it was possible for a holy God to wipe out the rebellious acts of an unholy people. How? The Holy God was pierced through for their unholy transgressions, in effect wiping them away for all who would accept His free gift by grace through faith. Isaiah 59:20 was another glorious prophetic promise to rebellious Israel that "A Redeemer will come to Zion, And to those who turn from transgressions (pesha') in Jacob,” declares the LORD." Pesha' is used also in Ezekiel 18:31 which is a prophecy of the New Covenant - Cast away from you all your transgressions (pesha') which you have committed and make yourselves a new heart and a new spirit! (SEE Ezek 36:24-27+, Jer 31:31-34+) For why will you die, O house of Israel?" Notice the repeated use of the pronoun "OUR" in this passage - "OUR transgressions," "OUR iniquities," "OUR well being." This is why the Suffering Servant gave Himself to piercing and crushing and chastening. As David Baron says "What else, we ask again, can these words mean than that He suffered vicariously? Not merely with, but for others? By no exegesis is it possible to escape this conclusion. And there is nothing in the conclusion that need surprise us." Vicarious means done in place of or instead of someone else. What Messiah accomplished was done in our place! Gotquestions observes that "So, in literal terms, the Christian concept of “vicarious atonement” is that Jesus was substituted for humanity and punished for our faults in order to pay for the sins we had committed and reconcile us to God. Vicarious atonement is also referred to as “substitutionary atonement” or “penal substitution.” (Isaiah 53 Exposition) David Baron quotes Culross on vicarious suffering... "Among the Jews, the idea of vicarious suffering was far from strange; their sacrificial system distinctly expressed it. Sin (said the sacrificial system) is an offence unspeakably odious to God, which He cannot look upon, but must punish. Death is the due punishment of sin. But God has no pleasure in the sinner's death. He is full of mercy, and has Himself opened up a channel, through sacrifice, whereby sin may be expiated, and pardon granted in righteousness. The sacrifices under the law had no intrinsic efficacy to put away sin; but only symbolized substitution—the substitution of Jehovah's righteous Servant in place of the guilty. Men may indeed exclaim against the propriety of one suffering for others, and may insist that every man be wounded for his own transgressions and bruised for his own iniquities. But there is no moral reason, so far as I can see, to forbid love from voluntarily stepping in and suffering for others, to save them from badness and misery. Now in this prophecy, here is One suffering for sins which He never committed—enduring what others deserved—standing in the transgressor's place, as if Himself the transgressor. (Isaiah 53 Exposition) Close your eyes a moment and imagine the incomprehensibly "heavy burden" of all of our horrible sins, coming down full force upon the sinless Suffering Servant, as He experiences the full weight of His Father's wrath! Absolutely beyond my imagination! Such infinite love! I seriously doubt that even eternity will give much insight into what really transpired on the Old Rugged Cross! Sin is a heavy burden to begin with but one that grows ever heavier the longer we resist God. David understood this principle For my iniquities are gone over my head; As a heavy burden they weigh too much for me. (Ps. 38:4) He was crushed for (because of) our iniquities - This sentence does not tell us who did the crushing, but in context this is clearly God the Father crushing His Son, for in Isa 53:10 this same verb for crushed (daka) states "the LORD was pleased to crush Him." SALVATION: God thought it; Christ bought it; the devil fought it; have you got it? Crushed is daka which means to crush, beat down, bruise, oppress. Daka is used of cruel agonies ending in death in Lam. 3:34. It describes the fine dust created in the mortar by crushing something or breaking it into pieces. What a picture of our Suffering Servant's sacrificial substitution - crushed, broken for us, who deserved Hell, so that we might receive Heaven. Broken and spilled out...oh my! Play Steve Green's song Broken and Spilled Out...One word in the lyrics below that needs explanation is "wasted" which of course Jesus was NOT, but to those who did not have eyes to see, it appeared as if His life was wasted! Lord You were God's precious Treasure His loved and His own perfect Son Sent here to show me The love of the Father Just for love it was done And though You were perfect and holy You gave up Yourself willingly You spared no expense for my pardon You were used up and "wasted" for me Broken and spilled out Just for love of me Jesus God's most precious treasure Lavished on me You were broken and spilled out And poured at my feet In sweet abandon Lord You were spilled out and used up for Me In the Messianic passage in Psalm 22:6 where Messiah says "I am a worm and not a man," there is an incredible picture which relates to the phrase "He was crushed for our iniquities" See the longer discussion of "I Am a Worm." Rod Mattoon gives a shorter version of the picture presented when Messiah said I Am A Worm - What is the meaning of "I am a worm"? The word "worm" is from the Hebrew word towla {to-law'} which refers to the crimson crocus grub. This worm was crushed for the purpose of making a scarlet red dye that was used for making royal robes. When it was crushed, it became unrecognizable. This worm attains the size and form of a pea, and is of a violet-black color. It is covered with a whitish powder, adhering to plants, chiefly various species of oak. The worm reproduces only once in its lifetime. When this worm reproduces, it climbs to a branch of a tree or a wooden post. It rigidly attaches itself to the tree in such a way that it can never be removed without tearing its body apart. The tola then lays its eggs on the tree. When the young ones arrive, they feed upon the living body of their mother. It is a very painful sacrifice for the mother to make. In essence, the mother becomes a living sacrifice. When the young are able to survive apart from the mother, the mother dies on the tree. As she dies, she exudes a scarlet dye, which not only stains the tree, but her young ones as well. They are completely covered by the mother's scarlet dye and remain so for the remainder of their lives. When the worm dies, it also leaves a crimson spot on the branch of the tree, but after three days, it dries out and changes color that is as white as snow. It then falls off, and flakes away. What a reminder of the atonement of Christ, His work on the cross, and our sins being made white as snow. Jesus was bruised for our iniquities. The chastisement of our peace was upon him. He was chastened for our well-being. He was beaten so we might be whole and complete. His punishment resulted in our peace. He is the Prince of Peace and by His stripes, by His wounds, we are healed. (Mattoon'sTreasures from Isaiah, Volume 3) Motyer draws attention to the use of for...for - the preposition min means ‘from’, hence it is used of one thing arising from another, a relationship of cause and effect. Our transgressions were the cause, his suffering to death the effect. Like Isa 53:4, this verse cannot be understood without the idea of substitution to which, here, the adjective ‘penal’ must be attached. (TOTC-Isaiah) Iniquities (05771)('avon from awah = to bend, twist, distort) describes sins power to twist or distort something good so that the result, effect or consequence is bad (e.g., sex outside of marriage). 'Avon describes the pervertedness, ‘bentness’, crookedness of our fallen human nature and is used repeatedly in Isaiah (Isaiah 1:4; 5:18; 6:7; 40:2; 43:24; 50:1). Messiah was crushed because of our sins (avon) which is such a stark contrast with the hatred and distortion of truth by the rabbis who referred to the Servant's good news (the Evangelium) as "Aven" or "Avongillajon" which means "the sinful or mischievous writing". Praise God for those Jews whose eyes have been opened to the truth of the Gospel which is not sin but instead remedies sin! John
Isaías 53
Constable - Oppressive legal treatment and twisted justice would result in His being taken away to suffer and die (cf. Matt. 26:59-61; Luke 23:2-4, 13-16). This was not the case in Israel's suffering in captivity. That suffering was in harmony with what justice prescribed. However, it was for the transgressions of the prophet's people that the Servant would suffer a fatal blow (cf. Ge 9:11; Ex 12:15; Dan. 9:26; Phil. 2:5-8; Col. 1:13-14, 19-20). This does not rule out His dying for Gentiles as well. Oppression (06115)(oster from astar = to restrain, retain, hold back, to keep from, to rule in 1 Sa 9:17) primarily means a violent constraint. It has another distinct nuance in Pr 30:16 meaning barrenness of womb (i.e., a closed womb) which is one of four things that will never be satisfied. Oster is used only here, and in Ps 107:39 (= oppression, Lxx = thlipsis) and Pr 30:16. Judgment (04941) (mishpat/mispat) refers to the judicial proceedings, in which Messiah was put on trial, accused and convicted as worthy of death. Thus this refers to His unjust judgment. As