1 Coríntios 7
Thomas Constable · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 7
Constable - When the unbeliever departs, the Christian is no longer under bondage (Gr. douleuo, lit. to be a slave). Does this refer to bondage to hold the marriage together or bondage to remain unmarried? Most of the commentators believe it means that the Christian is free to let the unbeliever depart; he or she does not have an obligation to maintain the marriage (Robertson and Plummer, p. 143; Fee, The First . . ., pp. 302-3.). Among these some hold that the believer is not free to remarry (cf. v. 11) (E.g., William A. Heth and Gordon J. Wenham, Jesus and Divorce.). Most of these believe that the Christian is free to remarry. (E.g., Barrett, p. 166; Bruce, 1 and 2 Corinthians, p. 70; Lenski, pp. 294–95; David K. Lowery, “1 Corinthians,” in Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament, p. 518; Morris, p. 111.) The Greek text does not solve this problem. I think Paul was not addressing the idea of remarrying here. I would counsel a Christian whose unsaved spouse has divorced him or her to remain unmarried as long as there is a possibility that the unsaved person may return. However if the unsaved spouse who has departed remarries, I believe the Christian would be free to remarry since, by remarrying, the unsaved partner has closed the door on reconciliation. ESV Study Bible - Most interpreters hold that God releases the believing spouse from the twin unending distresses of (a) a lifelong vain hope of reconciling with an unbeliever who has abandoned the believing spouse, and (b) a lifelong prohibition against enjoying the blessings of marriage again. Other interpreters, emphasizing 1 Cor. 7:39, hold that remarriage is never allowed after divorce. John
1 Coríntios 7
Constable - Comparing two equally committed Christians, an unmarried man can give more concentrated attention to the things of the Lord. A married man also needs to think about his family responsibilities. This is true of women, and particularly virgins, as well as men. Queen Elizabeth I said that England was her husband. Robertson and Plummer, p. 158. TECHNICAL NOTE - NET NOTE - There are three viable variant readings at this point in the text. (1) The reading ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄγαμος καὶ ἡ παρθένος (hē gunē hē agamos kai hē parthenos, “the unmarried woman and the virgin”) is represented by ancient and important MSS, as well as some significant versions (?15 B 104 365 1505 pc vg co). (2) The reading ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄγαμος καὶ ἡ παρθένος ἡ ἄγαμος (“the unmarried woman and the unmarried virgin”) is also found in ancient and important MSS (?46 א A 33 1739 1881 pc). (3) The reading ἡ γυνὴ καὶ ἡ παρθένος ἡ ἄγαμος (“the woman and the unmarried virgin”) is found in Western MSS (D F G) and the majority of Byzantine cursives. Based upon external evidence, the first and second readings are the strongest; the readings both reach deep into the second century with strong testimony from MSS of the Alexandrian texttype. Internal evidence seems equally balanced: Scribes may have wanted to add ἡ ἄγαμος to παρθένος for stylistic reasons, but they might also have wanted to remove it because it sounded redundant. Because Paul’s meaning is not quite clear, a decision on the proper textual reading is difficult. On the whole scribes tended to add to the text, not take from it. Thus the first reading should be favored as original, but this decision should be regarded as less than certain. NET NOTE on a virgin - tn Grk “The unmarried woman and the virgin.” The identity of the “virgin” here is a matter of interpretation (see note on “people who have never married” in v. 25 for discussion), which has in fact contributed to textual variation at this point in the text (see the text critical note above). As far as the translation is concerned, one must determine if one group of women or two are in view. It is possible that Paul means to refer to only one class of women here, namely unmarried virgins, but the use of the adjective ἡ ἄγαμος (hē agamos, “unmarried”) with “woman” and not “virgin” precludes that interpretation; in addition, the use of the article with both “woman” and “virgin” implies that two distinct groups are in view. If two groups are in view, English would more naturally use the conjunction “or” to indicate the distinction. Thus the translation “An unmarried woman or a virgin” has been used to make clear that two groups are in view. but - Term of contrast. One who is married is concerned about the things of the world (kosmos), how she may please (aresko) her husband - This emphasizes divided loyalties are unavoidable in marriage. Divided (3307) merizo from meris = a part) means to divide, part, share, separate. To make an allotment (distribute, deal out, assign, apportion He 7:2, 2 Cor 10:13, Ro 12:3) Friberg - divide, separate; (1) as separating into component parts divide (Mt 12.25); (2) as apportioning out something to someone distribute, divide out, assign (Ro 12.3), opposite sunago (gather); middle share with someone (Lk 12.13) Merizo - 19v in NT - Matt. 12:25; Matt. 12:26; Mk. 3:24; Mk. 3:25; Mk. 3:26; Mk. 6:41; Lk. 12:13; Rom. 12:3; 1 Co. 1:13; 1 Co. 7:17; 1 Co. 7:34; 2 Co. 10:13; Heb. 7:2 1 Corinthians 7:35 This I say for your own benefit; not to put a restraint upon you, but to promote what is appropriate and to secure undistracted devotion to the Lord. Amplified Now I say this for your own welfare and profit, not to put [a halter of] restraint upon you, but to promote what is seemly and in good order and to secure your undistracted and undivided devotion to the Lord. Wuest But this I am saying for your own profit, not in order that I may throw a noose over you [that is, constrain you to obey my commands], but I am saying this in order that in a seemly manner you may assiduously serve the Lord without distraction. (Eerdmans Publishing - used by permission) NET 1 Corinthians 7:35 I am saying this for your benefit, not to place a limitation on you, but so that without distraction you may give notable and constant service to the Lord. NLT 1 Corinthians 7:35 I am saying this for your benefit, not to place restrictions on you. I want you to do whatever will help you serve the Lord best, with as few distractions as possible. ESV 1 Corinthians 7:35 I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord. NIV 1 Corinthians 7:35 I am saying this for your own good, not to restrict you, but that you may live in a right way in undivided devotion to the Lord. GNT 1 Corinthians 7:35 τοῦτο δὲ πρὸς τὸ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν σύμφορον λέγω, οὐχ ἵνα βρόχον ὑμῖν ἐπιβάλω ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸ εὔσχημον καὶ εὐπάρεδρον τῷ κυρίῳ ἀπερισπάστως. KJV 1 Corinthians 7:35 And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. YLT 1 Corinthians 7:35 And this for your own profit I say: not that I may cast a noose upon you, but for the seemliness and devotedness to the Lord, undistractedly, ASV 1 Corinthians 7:35 And this I say for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is seemly, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction. CSB 1 Corinthians 7:35 Now I am saying this for your own benefit, not to put a restraint on you, but because of what is proper and so that you may be devoted to the Lord without distraction. NKJ 1 Corinthians 7:35 And this I say for your own profit, not that I may put a leash on you, but for what is proper, and that you may serve the Lord without distraction. NRS 1 Corinthians 7:35 I say this for your own benefit, not to put any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and unhindered devotion to the Lord. NAB 1 Corinthians 7:35 I am telling you this for your own benefit, not to impose a restraint upon you, but for the sake of propriety and adherence to the Lord without distraction. NJB 1 Corinthians 7:35 I am saying this only to help you, not to put a bridle on you, but so that everything is as it should be, and you are able to give your undivided attention to the Lord. GWN 1 Corinthians 7:35 I'm saying this for your benefit, not to restrict you. I'm showing you how to live a noble life of devotion to the Lord without being distracted by other things. BBE 1 Corinthians 7:35 Now I say this for your profit; not to make things hard for you, but because of what is right, and so that you may be able to give all your attention to the things of the Lord. not to put a restraint upon you 1Co 7:2,5-9,28,36 Mt 19:12 to promote what is appropriate: 1Co 7:36 Eph 5:3 Php 4:8 1Ti 1:10 Titus 2:3 And to secure (epiballo) undistracted devotion: 1Co 7:33,34 Lu 8:14 Lk 10:40-42 Lk 21:34 1 Corinthians 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries LASER FOCUS FOR THE LORD Laser-like focus means aligning your thought patterns, belief system, emotions, and actions with your goals consistently. If you want to become significant in life, you need to align with your set goals. Stop looking at two directions at the same time, and start focusing like a laser. This I say for your own benefit - That it might be profitable (cf use in 1 Cor 6:12+), helpful and to your advantage. not to put a restraint upon you, but to promote what is appropriate - "Paul had already said in 1 Corinthians 7:35 that he was not laying down an ironclad rule for everybody to follow, regardless of circumstances." (Wiersbe) Arnold - What Paul had to say about the advantages of singlehood were not to discourage the singles at Corinth but to encourage them. He was giving advice he thought was best for singles. Yet, he did not want to put them in a noose or straitjacket, and they were perfectly free to choose the life they wanted to live whether married or unmarried. Most singles, men and women, really struggle with the idea of being single for life. Yet, when they do understand this is God’s choice for them, they become grateful to the Lord, finding a new peace and determination for service for Christ. In the single state, they discover that Christ can meet their loneliness, for they appear alone but are never alone because God is with them. Single Christians should not grumble about their state, nor should they pout with the “woe is me” blues, but they should give themselves to the service of Christ. Look at the Apostle Paul. Because he had no distractions, he was able to move all over the Roman Empire. Out of his complete dedication and devotion to Christ, he changed the world through his preaching and letter writing. Remember, even Jesus Christ was a single person. Therefore, we know that God has a very special plan for the single who is dedicated to Him. When I was in Kenya, there was a single man named Vincent who was convinced God had given him the gift of celibacy for the time. He was from Uganda and in my class. He wrote a paper entitled, "The Single State” and here are some of his thoughts about being a single person: 1) I can have more time to devote to the Lord’s work and potentially be less distracted from the cares of temporal life; 2) I am free to take risks that a father might not take who has the whole family dependent on him like traveling to a foreign land and doing risky jobs; 3) I have freedom to move around the world without having to pack up a household first, and this freedom has brought me moments that I would not trade for anything else this side of eternity; 4) I can adapt to perilous situations like the rugged life among the primitive tribes, in a guerilla war zone or in disease and famine; 5) The single state enables me to get the most out of the time God gives for His work, and one of my chief delights is that I do not fit my ministry around a family schedule, having to be home at a certain time every night; 6) I care not where or how I live or what hardships I go through, so that I may gain souls for Christ; 7) God is sovereign over who gets married and who does not, and He can be trusted to do what is good for me. Restraint (1029)(brochos) referred to a snare or noose and was an allusion to the {Retiarius = literally, "net-man" in Latin} among the Romans, who carried a small casting net, {rete,} which he endeavoured to throw over his adversary's head. Only in 1Co 7:35, Septuagint in context of an adulterous woman "on the hunt!" in Pr 6:5 and Pr 7:21; Of the ensnaring influence of associating with a man given to anger in Pr 22:25 Appropriate (2158) euschemon from eu = good + scheme = figure, shape, appearance) means comely (in accord with propriety), prominent (having a quality that thrusts itself into attention, conspicuous in position or importance). Respected - Receiving deferential regard. Euschemon can speak of that which is appropriate for display or presentable (1 Cor 12:24). Alternatively, euschemon speaks of people considered worthy of public admiration (the sense in most NT uses). All 5 NT uses - Mk. 15:43; Acts 13:50; Acts 17:12; 1 Co. 7:35; 1 Co. 12:24 And to secure (epiballo) undistracted devotion to the Lord - Paul has just alluded to the "distractions" associated marriage (1 Cor 7:33-34) NLT = "whatever will help you serve the Lord best, with as few distractions as possible." ICB = "And I want you to give yourselves fully to the Lord without giving your time to other things." Undistracted (563)(aperispastos from a = without + perispáo = to draw different ways at same time = Martha in Lk 10:40) means without distraction or distracting care in regard to earthly things. Only in 1 Co 7:35. Not in the Septuagint. Devotion (2138)(euparedros from eu = well + paredros = sitting near) an adjective meaning literally sitting beside, sitting constantly by, and thus assiduous, devoted or constantly attending to (in this only use in 1 Cor 7:35 to the Lord Jesus Christ and His cause). BDAG has "being in constant attendance, constantly in service." Liddell-Scott has "constant waiting on." Not in the Septuagint. Related Resource: Comments on Paul's desire in Php 3:13 "Brethren, I do not regard myself as having laid hold of it yet; but one thing I do: forgetting what lies behind and reaching forward to what lies ahead, Single-minded Service . . . so that you may be devoted to the Lord without distraction. (1 Cor. 7:35) Two years after her divorce, Becky still struggled with loneliness. She kept busy with work, but she still had difficulty making friends at her new church, especially since she wasn’t the most outgoing person. She often felt like a fifth wheel, the only single person in a world of married couples. She had tried a singles Sunday school class but felt awkward. She had even joined a community book club but felt like she didn’t fit in. Besides, her job took so much out of her, she only wanted to veg out in front of the TV in the evenings. Still, she did wish she were more connected and not so lonely. Father, what should I do to connect more with others? Becky prayed. She immediately remembered overhearing a conversation as she walked to the sanctuary last Sunday about how there weren’t enough workers in the nursery on Sunday mornings. Serving in the nursery would be something she could do well and a way to get to know others. If we’re honest, many of us think singleness is a curse, not a blessing. Paul, however, had something different to say. He said, “God gives the gift of single life to some. . . . When you’re unmarried, you’re free to concentrate on simply pleasing the Master” (1 Cor. 7:7, 32 MSG). Regardless of the reason, being single is an opportunity to use your time to serve as God leads you. Perhaps He is leading you to teach a class, commit to being a prayer warrior, volunteer with a local ministry, or go on a short-term mission trip. Looked at with the right perspective, singleness can be an open door, a state of freedom that offers new opportunities. Ask God to show you how to make the most of it. (Journey Day by Day: Living Life Well) Robert