Atos 20

Steven Cole · Citado em PreceptAustin

Atos 20

Cole comments regarding these faithful men that Paul's "strategy, as he explains to Timothy, was to entrust the things of God to faithful men who will be able to teach others also (2 Tim. 2:2).If you have known the Lord for any length of time, you should be asking God to bring into your life some men (or, women to women) who are younger in the Lord, to whom you can entrust the things God has taught you. Look for “FAT” men: Faithful, Available, and Teachable. If they are lacking any one of those qualities, you’ll be wasting your time. They must be faithful in their walk with God. They must have the time to get together. They must have teachable hearts. If you are younger in the Lord, pray that God would link you with an older brother who could do with you as Paul did with these men, to equip you for service. (Sermon) Guzik suggests "These traveling companions of Paul were probably representatives from other churches who had sent money with Paul to Jerusalem. They were also present as ambassadors from the churches Paul has founded among the Gentiles, and were there to vouch for Paul’s good stewardship in regard to the collection destined for Jerusalem." (Acts 20 Commentary Notes) Cole adds - Luke lists the names of the men who traveled with Paul (Acts 20:4). They were representatives of the various churches, entrusted with carrying their collection (which Paul had raised) to Jerusalem to help the poor believers there. (Sermon) Accompanied (4902)(sunepomai from sun = with, intimately with + hepomai = to follow) means follow along with, literally following them and figuratively complying with or being in accordance with. Louw-Nida - "to accompany someone, with explicit marking of association." Only use in the NT. Sopater of Berea - only mention Aristarchus - "the best ruler" ("aristocracy" - ruling class) Aristarchus as far as Rome - Acts 27:2; Col 4:10+ (my fellow prisoner) Aristarchus (708) whose name means "best ruler" was a Jewish believer (cp Col 4:10 and Col 4:11) had a Greek name and was a Macedonian of Thessalonica (Acts 20:4; 27:2) who traveled with the Paul on his third missionary journey through Asia Minor (Acts 19:29; 20:4; 27:2). Aristarchus first appeared during Paul’s three year ministry at Ephesus. He was seized by the rioting mob, who recognized him as one of Paul’s companions (Acts 19:29) and later preceded Paul to Troas (Acts 20:4-6). A faithful companion and friend, Aristarchus accompanied Paul on his return trip to Jerusalem (Acts 20:4), and on his voyage to Rome (Acts 27:4) where he attended the apostle and shared his imprisonment. As Paul writes Colossians, Aristarchus is still beside him. Secundus (second or fortunate) - only mention. Secundus was a common name for a slave because they were often not called by their true names, and the first-ranking slave in a household would often be called Primus. The second-ranking slave was often called Secundus. Notice the two representatives from Thessalonica - An Aristocrat and a Slave (presumably). In Col 3:11note Paul describes "a renewal in which there is no distinction between Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave and freeman, but Christ is all, and in all." Gaius, a Macedonian (Acts 19:29) who was Paul's host at Corinth when the Epistle to the Romans was written (Rom. 16:23) and was baptized with his household by Paul (1 Cor. 1:14). He accompanied Paul to Ephesus and was seized by the mob (Acts 19:29). The association of his name with that of Arístarchos seems to identify him with the Gaius of Derbe (Acts 20:4). The Apostle John addresses his third Epistle to someone by that name, but we do not know whether it is the same person or not. Vincent disagrees as to his identity with Gaius in Acts 19:29 - Gaius. Not the one mentioned in Acts 19:29, who was a Macedonian. Timothy - Personal name meaning, “honoring God.” Friend and trusted coworker of Paul. When Timothy was a child, his mother Eunice and his grandmother Lois taught him the Scriptures (2 Timothy 1:5 ; 2 Timothy 3:15 ). A native of Lystra, he may have been converted on Paul's first missionary journey (Acts 14:6-23 ). Paul referred to Timothy as his child in the faith (1 Corinthians 4:17 ; 1 Timothy 1:2 ; 2 Timothy 1:2 ). This probably means that Paul was instrumental in Timothy's conversion. When Paul came to Lystra on his second journey, Timothy was a disciple who was well-respected by the believers (Acts 16:1-2 ). Paul asked Timothy to accompany him. Timothy's father was a Greek, and Timothy had not been circumcised. Because they would be ministering to many Jews and because Timothy's mother was Jewish, Paul had Timothy circumcised (Acts 16:3 ). Timothy not only accompanied Paul but also was sent on many crucial missions by Paul (Acts 17:14-15 ; Acts 18:5 ; Acts 19:22 ; Acts 20:4 ; Romans 16:21 ;1 Corinthians 16:10 ; 2 Corinthians 1:19 ; 1Thessalonians 3:2,1 Thessalonians 3:6 ). For example, when Paul was unable to go to Corinth, he sent Timothy to represent Paul and his teachings (1 Corinthians 4:17 ). Later when Paul was in prison, he sent Timothy to Philippi (Philippians 2:19 ). Paul felt that no one had any more compassion and commitment than Timothy (Philippians 2:20-22 ). So close were Paul and Timothy that both names are listed as the authors of six of Paul's letters (2 Corinthians 1:1 ; Philippians 1:1 ; Colossians 1:1 ; 1 Thessalonians 1:1 ; 2 Thessalonians 1:1 ; Philippians 1:1 ). In addition, Paul wrote two letters to Timothy (1 Timothy 1:2 ; 2 Timothy 1:2 ). As Paul's ministry neared the end, he challenged Timothy to remain true to his calling (1 Timothy 1:18 ). As Paul faced death, he asked Timothy to come to be with him (2 Timothy 4:9 ). At some point in his life, Timothy was imprisoned; but he was released (Hebrews 13:23). (Holman Bible Dictionary) Timothy mentioned 24 verses - Acts 16:1; 17:14f; 18:5; 19:22; 20:4; Rom. 16:21; 1 Co. 4:17; 16:10; 2 Co. 1:1, 19; Phil. 1:1; 2:19; Col. 1:1; 1 Thess. 1:1; 3:2, 6; 2 Thess. 1:1; 1 Tim. 1:2, 18; 6:20; 2 Tim. 1:2; Phlm. 1:1; Heb. 13:23 Trophimus of Asia (3x in the NT - Acts 20:4; 21:29; 2 Tim. 4:20) Personal name meaning, “nutritious.” Gentile Christian from Ephesus who accompanied Paul to Jerusalem for the presentation of the collection (Acts 20:4-5 ; Acts 21:29 ). Paul's free association with Trophimus led to the false charge that Paul had defiled the Temple by bringing a Gentile within the Court of Israel (Acts 21:19 ). The Trophimus whom Paul left in Miletus (2 Timothy 4:20 ) is either another Trophimus or else evidence for a second Roman imprisonment. (According to Acts, Paul did not pass by Miletus on his way to Rome). (Ibid) Trophimus went as far as Jerusalem Acts 21:29 Tychicus (5x - Acts 20:4; Eph. 6:21; Col. 4:7; 2 Tim. 4:12; Tit. 3:12) - Personal name meaning, “fortunate.” One of Paul's fellow workers in the ministry. A native of Asia Minor (Acts 20:4 ), he traveled with the apostle on the third missionary journey. Tychicus and Onesimus carried the Colossian letter from Paul (Colossians 4:7-9 ), and were to relate to the church Paul's condition. Paul also sent Tychicus to Ephesus on one occasion (2 Timothy 4:12 ) and possibly to Crete on another (Titus 3:12 ). Tradition holds that he died a martyr. (Ibid) NET Note on Asia - In the NT “Asia” always refers to the Roman province of Asia, made up of about one-third of the west and southwest end of modern Asia Minor. Asia lay to the west of the region of Phrygia and Galatia. The words “the province of” are supplied to indicate to the modern reader that this does not refer to the continent of Asia. Asia in the NT (map) - Acts 2:9; 6:9; 16:6; 19:10, 22, 26f; 20:4, 16, 18; 21:27; 24:18; 27:2; Rom. 16:5; 1 Co. 16:19; 2 Co. 1:8; 2 Tim. 1:15; 1 Pet. 1:1; Rev. 1:4 Acts 20:5 But these had gone on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas. NET Acts 20:5 These had gone on ahead and were waiting for us in Troas. GNT Acts 20:5 οὗτοι δὲ προελθόντες ἔμενον ἡμᾶς ἐν Τρῳάδι, NLT Acts 20:5 They went on ahead and waited for us at Troas. KJV Acts 20:5 These going before tarried for us at Troas. ESV Acts 20:5 These went on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas, ASV Acts 20:5 But these had gone before, and were waiting for us at Troas. CSB Acts 20:5 These men went on ahead and waited for us in Troas, NIV Acts 20:5 These men went on ahead and waited for us at Troas. NKJ Acts 20:5 These men, going ahead, waited for us at Troas. NRS Acts 20:5 They went ahead and were waiting for us in Troas; YLT Acts 20:5 these, having gone before, did remain for us in Troas, Troas: Troas was a maritime city and country of Phrygia, in Asia Minor, anciently called Dardania, lying on the Hellespont, west of Mysia Ac 16:8,11 2Co 2:12 2Ti 4:13 Acts 20 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries LUKE AGAIN ON THE SCENE And were waiting for us - First person plural once again signifies Dr Luke has again personally joined the team, having joined on at Philippi. Supposedly Luke had remained in Philippi after Paul and Silas had been run out of town as suggested by Luke's use of “they” in Acts 17:1+. Darrell Bock comments on the "us"/"we" sections of Acts - Internally for Acts, the most important authorship evidence involves the “we” sections (Bruce 1990, 3-5; Ellis 1974, 43-44; Hemer 1989, 312-34). They appear in Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16. Some have said their appearance seems to fall at random parts of Acts (Fitzmyer 1989, 1-26), but close examination reveals that this is not entirely the case, for each “we” text involves a sea trip.(Holman Apologetics Commentary on the Bible) Troas (see map)(another map)(Wikipedia) (6x in the NT - Acts 16:8, 11; 20:5, 6; 2 Co. 2:12; 2 Tim. 4:13) - A city in northwest Asia Minor visited by Paul during his second and third missionary journeys (Acts 16:8 ,Acts 16:8,16:11 ; Acts 20:5-6 ;2 Corinthians 2:12 ; 2 Timothy 4:13 ). Troas was founded before 300 B.C. by Antigonus, a successor of Alexander the Great and was located about ten miles south of the city of Troy. The emperor Augustus (31 B.C.-14 A.D.) made it a Roman colony. It served as an important seaport in the Roman Empire for those traveling between Asia Minor and Macedonia. Today (see Wikipedia), ruins of the city wall (about six miles in circumference), a theater, and an aqueduct remain.

Atos 20

Cole on Sabbath- The church met on Sunday. This is the earliest clear reference to the custom of the church to gather on the first day of the week, rather than on the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday). Some scholars say that the meeting took place on what we would call Saturday night, since the Jews reckoned time from sundown to sundown. But others argue that Luke was using the Roman method, which started the day at midnight, as we do, in which case this church meeting took place on our Sunday night. This is supported by the fact that the text says that Paul intended to leave “the next day” (20:7), which is identified as “daybreak” (20:12). Under the Jewish reckoning, daybreak would be the same day as the previous night. Also, the chronology here requires that Paul left Troas on a Monday morning, not Sunday (William Ramsay, St. Paul, the Traveller and the Roman Citizen [Baker], pp. 289-290). Thus this all-night church meeting took place on Sunday night. You ask, “What difference does it make what day of the week the church meets on?” It makes a difference because the switch from Saturday to Sunday worship must have taken place because of the resurrection of Jesus from the tomb on Sunday morning. Why else would Jews, who largely made up the early Christian congregations and who had a God-given command and a centuries-long tradition of seventh-day worship, change to worshiping on the first day of the week? The only reasonable explanation is that the Lord Jesus, whom they worshiped, arose from the dead on that day. Thus the Sunday worship of the church is an evidence of and a testimony to the resurrection of Jesus. Does this mean that Sunday is now the Christian Sabbath, and that Christians must follow the Jewish law regarding Sabbath observance? While there are differing views on this question (I disagree with some of my heroes, such as Charles Spurgeon, Hudson Taylor, and J. C. Ryle), I think that the Sabbath was the shadow that has now been fulfilled in Christ, the substance (Col. 2:16-17). He Himself is our “Sabbath rest” (Hebrews 4). The Sabbath command is the only one of the Ten Commandments not specifically repeated in the New Testament. Although Paul warned the Gentile churches about many things, he never mentioned breaking the Sabbath. Neither did the Jerusalem Council impose Sabbath-keeping on the Gentile believers (Acts 15). (John MacArthur, Jr., The MacArthur New Testament Commentary, Acts 13-28 [Moody Press], pp. 202-203, lists ten reasons why Christians are not required to observe the Sabbath, some of which I have used here.) Although we are not under the Old Testament law regarding the Sabbath, I do believe that we should set aside the first day of every week (“the Lord’s Day,” Rev. 1:10; see also 1 Cor. 16:1) to gather with God’s people for worship and instruction. Since Sunday was not a day off in the Roman Empire, and the slaves and others would have had to work, the church met on Sunday evening. We need to make it a priority to set apart time for gathering with the church on Sunday, and by doing so, we bear witness to the fact that our Savior is risen from the dead. (Sermon) Henry

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Cole - Luke sums up their worship by stating that they gathered “to break bread,” a reference to the Lord’s Supper. Weekly observance is not commanded, but it did seem to be the custom of the early church. If we could throw away our clocks and not have to be concerned about getting one service over so that the next service can get started on time, I would like to have communion every Sunday. Communion points us to our Savior’s supreme sacrifice for our sins on the cross. It makes us examine ourselves to make sure that we have confessed all of our sins against the Lord and against one another. It reminds us of the need to feed spiritually on Christ and to rely on His grace. It should cause our hearts to be drawn to Him in love and adoration. Paul began talking to them: Imperfect tense - over and over he kept on talking at length. Jack Arnold - Paul understood that the saints needed spiritual food as well as physical food, and the only way to grow in grace was through an understanding and application of the Bible. Paul undoubtedly taught them doctrine and then the application of that doctrine. He must have covered most every major point of theology for he went on right up to midnight. Paul is our example today. When we are preaching to Christians, our sermons should be longer in length and filled with doctrine and applications of that doctrine. Paul preached more than 15 minutes, and apparently these people loved the preached Word and were willing to sit by the hour to learn and apply God’s Word. They did not leave at one minute after twelve noon because the preacher was not finished with his sermon as so many do today. People who like short sermons should remember the words of a qreat preacher who said, “Sermonettes are for Christianettes.” Some people say that “a man who thinks by the inch and preaches by the yard ought to be dealt with by the foot.” Paul would have been booted out of most churches today, evangelical and liberal. He would have been put out of liberal churches because of his solid Christian doctrine and out of evangelical churches for his methods and his love to preach the Word for hours at a time. (Acts 20:1-12 New Testament Practices)

Atos 20

Cole observes that "Not everyone is called to be a preacher or missionary, as Paul was. But with whatever gifts God has entrusted to us, the bottom line is the same: we must be faithful by our lives and words to the gospel of the grace of God. If our lives and words betray the gospel of God’s grace, we are in some sense guilty of the blood of those who were tainted by our failure (Acts 20:26). If our lives and our words bear witness to the gospel of God’s grace, we are innocent of the blood of those who came in contact with our witness. (Finishing the Course Acts 20:22-27) Acts 20:27 "For I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole purpose of God: ou gar hupesteilamen (1SAMI) tou me anaggeilai (AAN) pasan ten boulen tou theou humin.: NET Acts 20:27 For I did not hold back from announcing to you the whole purpose of God. GNT Acts 20:27 οὐ γὰρ ὑπεστειλάμην τοῦ μὴ ἀναγγεῖλαι πᾶσαν τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ὑμῖν. NLT Acts 20:27 for I didn't shrink from declaring all that God wants you to know. KJV Acts 20:27 For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God. ESV Acts 20:27 for I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole counsel of God. ASV Acts 20:27 For I shrank not from declaring unto you the whole counsel of God. CSB Acts 20:27 for I did not shrink back from declaring to you the whole plan of God. NIV Acts 20:27 For I have not hesitated to proclaim to you the whole will of God. NKJ Acts 20:27 "For I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God. NRS Acts 20:27 for I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole purpose of God. YLT Acts 20:27 for I did not keep back from declaring to you all the counsel of God. My Amplified Paraphrase: For I did not shrink back, hold anything back, or hesitate in fear, but faithfully, boldly, fully proclaimed, declared, taught, and unfolded to you the entire counsel, purpose, plan, and will of God—every truth He intended you to know, without omission, distortion, or partiality. I kept nothing hidden, omitted nothing, nothing softened, nothing neglected. I declared to you the full counsel of God, the whole truth as God revealed it. I did not shrink: Acts 20:20,35, 26:22,23, 2 Co 4:2 Ga 1:7-10, 4:16 1 Th 2:4 The whole purpose of God: Acts 2:23 Ps 32:11 Isa 46:10,11 Jer 23:22 Mt 28:20 Luke 7:30, Jn 15:15 1Co 11:23 Eph 1:11 Acts 20 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PAUL'S RESPONSIBILITY FULFILLED For (gar) I did not shrink (hupostellō) from declaring (anaggello) to you the whole purpose (boule) of God - Paul continues his farewell message to the Ephesian elders by explaining why he can testify with a clean conscience regarding his ministry among them. He had never shrunk back (hupostellō) from declaring anything they needed, nor had he selectively avoided difficult truths. With pastoral courage and apostolic faithfulness, he had delivered the whole counsel of God—the full breadth of God’s saving purpose, redemptive plan, and sanctifying truth. This verse serves as both a defense of his ministry and a pattern for every spiritual leader: to hold nothing back, to proclaim everything God has revealed, and to shepherd the flock with fearless integrity. Acts 20:27 stands as a solemn reminder that true ministry is measured not by popularity or comfort but by the faithful, unreserved declaration of God’s truth. For (gar) is a term of explanation. Stop and ask what Paul is explaining. He has just said he was "innocent of the blood of all men." How so? He goes on to explain that he had declared the "whole purpose of God" which is another way of saying that he had preached the Gospel at Ephesus, fulfilling his responsibility as a watchman. If he had not told them of the Gospel by which a man is saved or if he had adulterated God's clear revelation (e.g., Gal 1:8, 9), he would not have been innocent, because he would not have warned them but would have held back (cp meaning of "shrink") the truth that God had revealed to him to give to others (See Jesus' instructions to Ananias regarding the newly born again Paul's responsibility - Acts 9:15, 16, see especially Jesus' direct instructions to Saul/Paul in Acts 22:21 and Acts 26:14, 15, 16, 17, 18). I did not shrink - David

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Cole - Paul apparently preached in Troas for at least four hours, if not longer (until midnight)! Then, after the incident with Eutychus, he went back upstairs and talked with them (a different Greek word is used here, which indicates conversation) about the things of God until daybreak. Also, before Paul left Ephesus after the riot, he first exhorted the believers (Acts 20:1). Luke summarizes Paul’s lengthy ministry in the districts around Macedonia by saying, “he had given them much exhortation” (Acts 20:2). As we saw in Acts 2:42, the early church devoted itself to the apostles’ teaching. Our text does not require that every sermon be four hours long (“Whew!”). Someone has said that if you’re going to preach for that long, you also have to be able to raise the dead, as Paul did! This was obviously a special occasion, the only time that this church could hear the apostle Paul; but they were willing to stay up all night to do it! It illustrates what Paul later strongly commanded Timothy, to preach the Word (2 Tim. 4:1-5). (Sermon)

Atos 20

Cole notes that... Greed is always easy to recognize in others: They won’t share what they have with me! But it’s not so easy to spot it in ourselves. Charles Simeon, in a sermon on Luke 12:15 (Caution Against Covetousness), developed three criteria to judge whether we are under the influence of greed. He said that we should examine the manner in which we seek material things; the degree to which we enjoy them; and, the manner in which we mourn or are anxious when we lose them. Givers are blessed because they are freed from this sin that brings both temporal and eternal destruction. Acts 20:34 "You yourselves know that these hands ministered to my own needs and to the men who were with me: autoi ginoskete (2PPAI) oti tais chreiais mou kai tois ousin (PAPMPD) met' hemou huperetesan (3PAAI) ai cheires autai.: NET Acts 20:34 You yourselves know that these hands of mine provided for my needs and the needs of those who were with me. GNT Acts 20:34 αὐτοὶ γινώσκετε ὅτι ταῖς χρείαις μου καὶ τοῖς οὖσιν μετ᾽ ἐμοῦ ὑπηρέτησαν αἱ χεῖρες αὗται. NLT Acts 20:34 You know that these hands of mine have worked to supply my own needs and even the needs of those who were with me. KJV Acts 20:34 Yea, ye yourselves know, that these hands have ministered unto my necessities, and to them that were with me. ESV Acts 20:34 You yourselves know that these hands ministered to my necessities and to those who were with me. ASV Acts 20:34 Ye yourselves know that these hands ministered unto my necessities, and to them that were with me. CSB Acts 20:34 You yourselves know that these hands have provided for my needs and for those who were with me. NIV Acts 20:34 You yourselves know that these hands of mine have supplied my own needs and the needs of my companions. NKJ Acts 20:34 "Yes, you yourselves know that these hands have provided for my necessities, and for those who were with me. NRS Acts 20:34 You know for yourselves that I worked with my own hands to support myself and my companions. YLT Acts 20:34 and ye yourselves know that to my necessities, and to those who were with me, minister did these hands; Acts 20 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries You yourselves - The pronoun you serves to intensify Paul's following claim. The elders had personal, intimate knowledge of the truth of what he was saying. As A T

Atos 20:17-27

Cole observes that... Not everyone is called to be a preacher or missionary, as Paul was. But with whatever gifts God has entrusted to us, the bottom line is the same: we must be faithful by our lives and words to the gospel of the grace of God. If our lives and words betray the gospel of God’s grace, we are in some sense guilty of the blood of those who were tainted by our failure (Acts 20:26). If our lives and our words bear witness to the gospel of God’s grace, we are innocent of the blood of those who came in contact with our witness. (Sermon- Recommended) Acts 20:27 "For I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole purpose of God: ou gar hupesteilamen (1SAMI) tou me anaggeilai (AAN) pasan ten boulen tou theou humin.: I did not shrink: Acts 20:20,35, 26:22,23, 2Co 4:2 Ga 1:7-10, 4:16 1Th 2:4 The whole purpose of God: Acts 2:23 Ps 32:11 Isa 46:10,11 Jer 23:22 Mt 28:20 Luke 7:30, Jn 15:15 1Co 11:23 Eph 1:11 PAUL'S RESPONSIBILITY FULFILLED For (gar) is a term of explanation. Stop and ask what Paul is explaining. He has just said he was "innocent of the blood of all men." How so? He goes on to explain that he had declared the "whole purpose of God" which is another way of saying that he had preached the Gospel at Ephesus, fulfilling his responsibility as a watchman. If he had not told them of the Gospel by which a man is saved or if he had adulterated God's clear revelation (e.g., Gal 1:8, 9), he would not have been innocent, because he would not have warned them but would have held back (cp meaning of "shrink") the truth that God had revealed to him to give to others (See Jesus' instructions to Ananias regarding the newly born again Paul's responsibility - Acts 9:15, 16, see especially Jesus' direct instructions to Saul/Paul in Acts 22:21 and Acts 26:14, 15, 16, 17, 18). I did not shrink - David

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Atos 20:28-38