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Samuel Johnson · Citado em PreceptAustin
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Johnson applies this truth regarding killing the lamb - When we think of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ we also need to remember that the lamb pointed forward to him as the one who would be slain. And further, that his death was absolutely necessary. It is not the life that he lived by which we are redeemed, it is by the death that he died that we are redeemed. And so the lamb should be slain. How important it is for us to remember that fact. (Sermon) ILLUSTRATION - There is a story concerning Pastor D.M. Sterns, a great gospel preacher of the past generation. He preached a sermon and a man came up after his sermon and said, “Mr. Sterns, I don’t like your preaching. I don’t care for the cross. I think that instead of preaching the death on the cross it would be far better to preach Jesus the teacher and example.” “Would you then be willing to follow him if I preached Christ the example?” Mr. Sterns said. “I would,” replied the stranger. “I will follow in his steps,” little realizing of course that he was making a statement that is almost precisely what Peter writes about and 1 Peter chapter 2. And then Mr. Sterns said, “Well, then let us take the first step and the first step is the clause immediately after that fact that we are following in his steps ‘who did no sin’. Can you take that step?” “No, the man replied. I do sin and I acknowledge it.” “Well then,” said the gospel preacher, “your first need of Christ is not as an example but as a Savior.” And so the fact that the lamb had to be slain was devised by the Lord God as a type of the fact that he Lord Jesus ultimately is the Savior of sinners, must accomplish atonement by his death on the cross. (Sermon) Constable on kill it at twilight - Some of the ancient rabbis taught that God wanted the Jews to sacrifice the Passover lamb exactly at sunset because of the instructions in verse 6 and Deuteronomy 16:6. However “at twilight” literally means “between the two evenings.” The more widely held Jewish view was that the first evening began right after noon and the second began when the sun set. In Josephus’ day, which was also Jesus’ day, the Jews slew the Passover lamb in mid-afternoon. The Lord Jesus Christ died during this time (i.e., about 3:00 p.m., Mt. 27:45–50; Mk 15:34–37; Lk 23:44–46; 1 Cor 5:7). (ED: AND MANY BELIEVE HE DIED AT THE SAME TIME THE SACRIFICIAL LAMBS WERE SACRIFICED!) NET on the whole assembly of the congregation - Literally = “all the assembly of the community.” This expression is a pleonasm. The verse means that everyone will kill the lamb, i.e., each family unit among the Israelites will kill its animal. Currid on whole assembly of the congregation - The term ‘community’ is found for the first time referring to the people of God. It literally means ‘assembly’: the people of Israel are congregating for a communal worship service. This act of redemption is solidifying the Hebrews as one covenanted people before Yahweh. Cassuto on twilight - between the two evenings—that is, toward the evening of the full moon. John
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Johnson - George Pentecost in his studies in Exodus has written, “There is among the Hebrews a legend of two sisters who that night had, with the rest of their household, gone into their dwellings. One of them stood all ready to depart, and began quietly eating her portion of the roast body of the lamb (a type of the soul feeding upon Christ), her mind at perfect peace and rest. The other was walking about the dwelling, full of terrible fear lest the destroying angel should penetrate therein. This one reproached her sister for being so careless and confident, and finally asked her how it was that she could be so full of assurance when the angel of death and judgment was abroad in the land. The reply was, ‘Why, sister, the blood. He will pass over us. Now I have no right to doubt God’s Word, although I would be uneasy if I doubted the blood’s having been shed.’ ” (G
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Johnson - There is an authentic story told of an aged minister who had preached the gospel in clarity and power during all his public life, but who, when he was suffering at times, found himself greatly beset by doubt and uncertainty. Mentioning the matter to his wife, she drew his attention to John 5:24. As he read the precious words again, “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears My word, and believes Him who sent Me, has eternal life, and does not come into judgment, but has passed out of death into life,” he burst into a joyous laugh, and said, “How strange that I should ever forget words like these, when I have preached on them myself for years.” Sometime later his wife came into the room and found her aged husband leaning over the side of the bed, holding the open Bible beneath the couch. She exclaimed, “Whatever are you doing?” He answered, “Satan has been after me again, and as he is the prince of darkness. I took it that he would be in the darkest place in the room, which is under the bed, and so I was just showing him John 5:24; and the moment he saw it he ceased to trouble me.” We can quite understand the mental frailty of such an elderly person, but the principle is true. When the adversary of your soul comes against you seeking to destroy your confidence, show him what God has said. Exodus 12:14 'Now this day will be a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations you are to celebrate it as a permanent ordinance. memorial - Ex 13:9 Nu 16:40 Jos 4:7 Ps 111:4 135:13 Zec 6:14 Mt 26:13 Lu 22:19 1Co 11:23-26 a feast - Ex 5:1 De 16:11 Ne 8:9-12 ordinance - Ex 12:17,24,43 13:10 Lev 23:4,5 Nu 10:8 18:8 De 16:1 1Sa 30:25 2Ki 23:21 Eze 46:14 1Co 5:7,8 INSTITUTION OF PASSOVER AND UNLEAVENED BREAD FEASTS This next section in Exodus 12:14-20 is a description of Unleavened Bread. Alan
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Johnson applies this noting that "The act corresponds to the act of faith in the New Testament, for that is the means of the application of the blood of Christ to the heart." S Lewis Johnson - The application of the blood of the Passover lamb that was shed was to be made to the lentil and the two side posts. That was their duty. Now, it’s a striking fact that this is parallel with the salvation we have in Christ. Many believe in the shed blood but not in the sprinkled blood. They sometimes acknowledge that Christ has died for sinners but they have never applied that blood to their own heart. What a difference it makes when we believe not simply in the fact that Christ died for sinners but that he died for me, that we have sprinkled the blood upon our hearts in his grace. It wasn’t the lamb tied to the altar that saved. It wasn’t just the blood of a slain lamb in a basin that saved. It was the blood sprinkled that saved. (Sermon)
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Johnson says the LORD "hovers over" the house and protects it from the destroying angel! And so the blood results in Jehovah passing over the door and not allowing the destroyer inside, which equates with protection. (See discussion by S Lewis Johnson in notes on Ex 12:13). As Johnson says "we learn an important spiritual truth here and the important spiritual truth is simply this, that safety spiritually is dependent upon the blood that is shed by the redeeming substitute." David
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Johnson applies this truth of the protecting power of the blood - I remember many years ago when I was first converted I had some difficult with assurance of salvation. And finally one day reflecting upon John 6:37 when Jesus said that every one who comes to him will be kept by him. I remember going into my bedroom in Birmingham, Alabama, kneeling down by the side of my bed and saying to the Lord something like this, “Lord, in John 6:37 you have said, ‘Him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out.’ I have been concerned over this wondering if I have truly come. But I want you to know that if I have not come to this point I am coming now and receiving the Lord Jesus as my own personal Savior.” I never had any doubts after that about my salvation because I realized finally that my salvation depended upon the blood that was shed for me by Jesus Christ and my conviction given by God the Holy Spirit that God is faithful to his word. (Sermon) Destroyer (07843)(shachath) means in this context one who destroys (cf fate of Sodom and Gomorrah = Ge 13:10, Ge 18:28, 31-32), to lay waste (Egypt from swarms of flies - Ex 8:24). The Septuagint uses the verb olethreuo which means to kill or destroy and is used in Hebrews 11:28KJV+ (not in Nestle-Aland) "By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, so that he who destroyed (olethreuo) the firstborn would not touch them." Who is the destroyer - Walter Kaiser writes "“The destroyer” of v.23 (See 2 Sa 24:16 Isa 37:36) was not a demonic power that rivaled God but was probably an angel of the Lord who expedited his will. In Psalm 78:49, however, where God lets loose on the Egyptians four different words for his anger, this wrath is collectively called “a band of destroying angels” (mišlahaṯ malʾaḵê rāʿîm). Thus whether an angel was the mediating agent or the term was a figurative personification of the final judgment of God on Egypt, it was still God’s direct work. The NT will remember this “destroyer” (ho olothreuōn) in Hebrews 11:28. His work in bringing the plague on Israel for Korah, Dathan, and Abiram’s rebellion in Numbers 16:41–49 and the serpents in Numbers 21:5–6 will also be labeled the work of “the destroying angel” in 1 Corinthians 10:9–10 (see Notes). Question: "Who is the destroying angel?" Answer: The destroying angel is also commonly referred to as the angel of death. On numerous occasions, God used angelic beings— heavenly messengers of some kind—to bring judgment to sinners on earth. Various Bible translations refer to this being as a “destroying angel.” There is no clear biblical evidence that any one particular angel was given the title “destroying angel” or “angel of death.” The most we can say is that the Bible’s mentions of a “destroying angel” are references to a heavenly being or beings that came to destroy those under God’s judgment. The most famous visitation of a destroying angel was on the first Passover. Egypt was about to experience the tenth and final plague, the death of the firstborn. Moses’ instructions to the Hebrews contained this warning: “When the LORD goes through the land to strike down the Egyptians, he will see the blood on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer to enter your houses and strike you down” (Exodus 12:23). Some other translations have “Angel of Death” (GNT) or “death angel” (NLT) instead of “destroyer.” This being is called “the destroyer of the firstborn” in Hebrews 11:28+. Interestingly, the original Hebrew text of Exodus 12:23 does not mention an “angel” at all. It simply says that “the destroyer” or “the spoiler” or “the one who causes damage” would slay the firstborn of Egypt. It could have been the Lord Himself who was the destroyer, although the possibility exists that God sent an angel to do the deed. Psalm 78 recounts the plagues in Egypt and sums them up as God’s unleashing of “a band of destroying angels” (Ps 78:49). The Hebrew word for “angel” is used here, but it is not limited to one particular angel. A destroying angel—a heavenly messenger who brought destruction—was also sent by God to judge the Israelites because of David’s sin in numbering the people: “The Lord sent a plague on Israel from that morning until the end of the time designated, and seventy thousand of the people from Dan to Beersheba died. When the angel stretched out his hand to destroy Jerusalem, the Lord relented concerning the disaster and said to the angel who was afflicting the people, ‘Enough! Withdraw your hand.’ The angel of the Lord was then at the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite. When David saw the angel who was striking down the people, he said to the Lord, ‘I have sinned’” (2 Samuel 24:15–17). The Assyrians who attacked Jerusalem during King Hezekiah’s reign also met what could be called an angel of death or a destroying angel: “That night the angel of the Lord went out and put to death a hundred and eighty-five thousand in the Assyrian camp. When the people got up the next morning—there were all the dead bodies!” (2 Ki 19:32–35). In this passage (2 Ki 19:35) and in 2 Sa 24:16, the destroying angel is actually called “the angel of the Lord,” which many scholars take to be a reference to Christ in a pre-incarnate appearance. (ED: Related Resource = Angel of the LORD) Another angel who brought death and destruction is mentioned in the judgment of King Herod (Acts 12:23). An angel with lethal intent, identified as “the angel of the Lord,” bearing a sword gives a warning to Balaam (Nu 22:31–33). And Jesus mentions that angels will be involved in the end-times judgment of the wicked (Matthew 13:49–50). In none of these cases are the angels called “the angel of destruction” or “the angel of death.” We might refer to an angel who metes out God’s judgment as an “angel of destruction,” but it is not an explicitly biblical term. (Source: Gotquestions) Note: As an aside Revelation has a number of references to angels and some are instrumental in administration of the wrath of God. Bob Marcaurelle - God did not say, "When I see good people, I will pass over you ... When I see sincere people who are really trying to be good, I will pass over you ... When I see baptized people, church members, I will pass over you ... When I see strong faith and no fear or doubt, I will pass over you." No, He said, "When I see the blood I will pass over you." The New Birth, symbolized here as eating the Lamb, partaking of Christ's life and strength, will make us good people and sincere people and church members and men and women of strong faith. But it is our faith in Christ, however weak, our admission of sin and guilt, and our taking forgiveness from His pierced hands, that spares us from the plague of the second death. And, thank God, it is not feelings that God looks for.Illustration: Picture a Hebrew boy, huddled in his home. He hears the screams from across the road. He feels the very presence of death all around. He says, "Daddy, I'm scared!" That Hebrew dad says, "Don't worry, son, the blood is on the door." Oh, folks, sometimes my faith is strong and sometimes it is weak. Sometimes Jesus seems so close I feel I can reach out and touch him. But the all important thing is my faith, however weak, is in Jesus and no matter how I FEEL, by faith I know "My Lord is near me all the time." Put your faith in Jesus and when the death angel comes he will take you to live with God and over you, hell, the second death, will have no power (Rev. 20:6). S Lewis Johnson - It is remarkable that both our Lord and the apostle Paul specifically teach that the Lord Jesus Christ is the fulfillment of the Passover ritual. In the last Passover and first Lord’s Supper, the Lord Jesus plainly taught that he was the Passover Lamb by commanding that he be remembered in the meetings of the saints by a repetition of the Lord’s Supper. Although Israel had been admonished by the Lord to observe the Passover service “as a permanent ordinance” (Exod. 12:14), the Lord Jesus now admonishes believers to continually eat the bread and drink the wine throughout time until he comes “in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19; cf. 1 Cor. 11:24–25). It was a clear claim that he is the Passover Lamb, and in observing the Lord’s Supper they were observing the Passover ritual in its intended fulfillment. Paul, too, makes the connection saying, “For Christ our Passover [‘our paschal lamb,’ RSV] also has been sacrificed” (1 Cor. 5:7). That brings me to one final appeal. Realizing that it is not simply the living Lamb, nor even the shed blood of the Lamb, but the sprinkling of the shed blood of the slain Lamb that saves, have you sprinkled the blood? August Van Ryn has sought to show the difference between believing a fact and making that fact one’s own in experience in this way: “I was walking some years ago with a brother in an eastern city, and as we passed a large building this fellow believer pointed to it, and said, ‘Van, they put eighty-two millions in silver bars in that building the other day.’ Now that statement did not thrill me in the least. What were eighty-two million dollars to me? Nothing at all. You see, that man left out two words. If he had said, ‘There are eighty-two millions for you in that building,’ what a thrill that would have been! If he had made it only a million for me, I might have managed to get along with that, but he left me out altogether. You can easily see—can’t you—what a difference there is between eighty-two million dollars and eighty-two million dollars for you.” And then Mr. Van Ryn concluded with, “Have you ever really believed then that Christ died for you?” That is my appeal to my readers, too. In the spirit of Charles Haddon Spurgeon’s words, “I have dwelt sufficiently on the efficacy of the blood, but no tongue of seraph can ever speak its worth. I must go home to my chamber and weep because I am powerless to tell this story adequately.” I appeal to you in the name of the Messiah, the Lord Jesus Christ, give yourself to him in faith, relying upon his atoning blood to save your soul. May God help you to see and sing, There is a fountain filled with blood, Drawn from Immanuel’s veins, And sinners plunged beneath that flood Lose all their guilty stains. The dying thief rejoiced to see That fountain in his day, And there may [you], though vile as he, Wash all [your] sins away. -- William Cowper Exodus 12:24 "And you shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children forever. Ex 12:14 Ge 17:8-10 DELIVERANCE TO BE A MEMORIAL FOREVER And you shall observe this event as an ordinance for you and your children forever - Shall observe (Heb = shamar; Lxx = phulasso) means to guard and protect. Moses instructs the elders that the Passover was to be observed (guarded, protected) by Israel forever! Your children forever means it must be carefully taught to children so that its meaning and significance would pass from generation to generation. Don't miss the repetition of God's call to Israel to observe the Passover throughout their generations, forever (Ex 12:14, Ex 12:17, Ex 12:24) John Currid applies this section - The Lord’s Supper in the New Testament is a Passover commemoration (see Matt. 26:17–19). Every Passover meal included two elements: wine and unleavened bread. The wine symbolized the blood of the lamb that was shed for the Israelites to protect them from the avenging angel. The bread signified the bread that the Hebrews carried on their backs when they left Egypt in haste. Jesus reinterprets those two elements and pronounces the Passover event a type of foreshadowing of himself and his ministry. In Matthew 26:26–28, Jesus says that the wine is a figure of the blood of Christ that takes away the sins of his people, and the bread is a figure of his body that is hung on the cross for sinners. In short, what Jesus is proclaiming is that he is the Passover Lamb, who by the shedding of his blood is a substitute for his people, protecting them from the wrath and judgement of God. In other words, as Israel is covered by the blood of the Passover lamb, so the new Israel is covered by the blood of the Messiah (see John 1:29; 1 Peter 1:19; 1 Cor. 5:7). The fact of the matter is that when Christians celebrate the Lord’s Supper they are keeping the Passover that God commanded his people to honour in perpetuity....The reason that Christians celebrate the Passover in this way is, first, to remind themselves of the work of Christ in delivering his people from death and darkness. It is, furthermore, a sign that believers are the people of God and the covenant, and that God dwells in their midst. And, finally, it is a sign of the continuity of the people of God from the Old Testament to the New Testament and beyond.(EPSC-Ex) Exodus 12:25 "When you enter the land which the LORD will give you, as He has promised, you shall observe this rite. when - Dt 4:5 Dt 12:8,9 Dt 16:5-9 Jos 5:10-12 Ps 105:44,45 as He has promised, Ex 3:8,17 PASSOVER TO BE PRACTICED When you enter the land which the LORD will give you, as He has promised - The land...as He has promised (see promises in Ex 3:8,17, Ge 13:15) reiterates the Abrahamic Covenant and promise of the land. You shall observe this rite - For the second time in two verses it is emphasized that Israel is to observe this rite. The idea of observe (Heb = shamar; Lxx = phulasso) is to guard and protect, so that the implication is that this rite could become corrupted or fuzzy in their memory. The Hebrew word for rite (abodah) conveys the idea of service with an attitude of worship. This thought is brought out by the Septuagint's use of the noun latreia which in the NT describes religious service based in worship (see Heb 9:1, Heb 9:6). Abodah used 20x in Exodus - Ex 1:14; Ex 2:23; Ex 5:9; Ex 5:11; Ex 6:6; Ex 6:9; Ex 12:25; Ex 12:26; Ex 13:5; Ex 27:19; Ex 30:16; Ex 35:21; Ex 35:24; Ex 36:1; Ex 36:3; Ex 36:5; Ex 38:21; Ex 39:32; Ex 39:40; Ex 39:42; John Currid on rite - The Hebrew word for ‘ceremony’ (rite - abodah) is the common term for labour/service. Used earlier of the Hebrews’ slavery under Pharaoh (Exod. 1:14), it here reflects who it is that the Israelites truly serve. And the contrast is clear: the hard and cruel service they rendered to Pharaoh is now replaced by a compassionate, loving service to Yahweh. Bruckner - The remarkable thing to note here is that God gives the people liturgical instructions for the future before their deliverance or exit from Egypt. Hope was created as plans were laid. David