Lucas 22
R.C.H. Lenski · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 22
Lenski - The festival was called ta azuma, "The Unleavened" (things), or as here, "The Festival of the Unleavened" (neuter plural, "bread" is added in the English only to round out the thought) because of the removal of all leaven from the homes for the seven days from the 14th to the 21st of Nisan, the 14th that year being a Thursday. Luke adds the other Jewish name "Passover," pascha, Hebrew Pesach, which is derived from Jehovah's passing over Israel to shield it from the death angel. (The Interpretation of St. Luke's Gospel) Warren
Lucas 22
Lenski comments that "Judas would do nothing until he had the money paid down. He intended to run no risks in regard to getting his money later on. The priests were shrewd enough to bind the man by paying him at once; he might otherwise fail them. They ran no risk whatsoever, for they had the power to arrest this man at any time. Judas returned to Jesus with the blood money in his bag." (The Interpretation of St. Luke's Gospel) Agreed (KJV = "covenanted")(4934)(suntithemi from sun = together + tithemi = to place, put) means literally to put together side by side. The three uses in the NT are all in the middle voice which conveys the meaning "to agree with," to work out a joint arrangement or as the KJV renders it "to covenant with," which suggests the coming together ("side by side") of two parties to form a pact or agreement. BDAG - to place something together with something else so as to be side by side, put/place with σκεῦος κενὸν μετὰ τῶν κενῶν συντιθέμενον pass. an empty vessel placed beside the (other) empty ones (in such a way that it knocks against them) (A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature) Gilbrant - Although suntithēmi can be used in a positive manner, its appearances in Scripture are all negative, as certain groups of people came together to scheme against those who were godly. In Luke 22:5 the chief priests and teachers of the Law came to an “agreement” to pay Judas for betraying Jesus. In John 9:22 the Jewish leaders “decided” to excommunicate anyone who believed Jesus to be the Messiah. Finally, Acts 23:20 relates the “pact” among the Jews as they plotted to kill Paul. (Complete Biblical Library Greek-English Dictionary) Suntithemi - 3x in 3v - agreed - Lk. 22:5; Jn. 9:22; Acts 23:20. Three uses in the Septuagint - 1 Sa 22:13 = "conspired against"; 1 Ki 16:28; Da 2:9 = "you have agreed together to speak lying and corrupt words before me." FULFILLED PROPHECY This passage (and the specific amount in Mt 26:15 "they weighed out thirty pieces of silver to him") is a fulfillment of Zechariah 11:12-13 I said to them, “If it is good in your sight, give me my wages; but if not, never mind!” So they weighed out thirty shekels of silver as my wages. 13 Then the LORD said to me, “Throw it to the potter, that magnificent price at which I was valued by them.” So I took the thirty shekels of silver and threw them to the potter in the house of the LORD. (For fulfillment of verse 13 see Mt 27:3-10) Fruchtenbaum - The priests took the 30 pieces of silver from the Temple treasury fund. One major purpose of the Temple treasury was to purchase sacrifices. The priests did so that day. They purchased the final sacrifice for sin when they paid for Judas to deliver Him up. Matthew 27:3-4 gives us some follow-up details regarding this 30 pieces of silver - Then when Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that He had been condemned, he felt remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” But they said, “What is that to us? See to that yourself!” The amount of money the leaders gave Judas was the price of a slave in the Old Testament (and a dead one at that!) “If the ox gores a male or female slave, the owner shall give his or her master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. (Ex. 21:32). Fruchtenbaum - According to Exodus 21:32, thirty pieces of silver is the price of restitution for a dead slave. It became a symbol of contempt, and the figure 30 would be avoided much like number 13 is avoided in our country (elevators often skip the number 13). Stein adds that "Luke may have mentioned money here to illustrate for his readers how money can destroy a person (cf. Luke 12:13–21; 16:19–31; 18:18–25)." Phillip Ryken - (ILLUSTRATION) That is all it was: just thirty pieces of silver. To this day, we are still shocked that Judas would perpetrate such a colossal crime for such a paltry sum. But it is often shocking what people will do for money. There is a notable example in the publication of the Gospel of Judas. The Swiss dealer who sold this false gospel to the National Geographic Society for one and a half million dollars—a woman named Frieda Nussberger-Tchacos—is a known felon who has trafficked in stolen antiquities. In order to avoid doing jail time, she betrayed one of her co-conspirators—a former director of the Getty Museum. The Los Angeles Times had this to say about the irony of her situation: “some things don’t change—except for inflation. Thirty pieces of silver then, or $1.5 million now: it’s still all about money.” Many Christians think of the love of money as one of the lesser sins, but see where it leads. When we refuse to be content with our financial situation—whether we happen to be rich or poor—we open the door to fatal temptation. Once we decide that we want something more than we already have, we start thinking about ways to get it. The more that desire grows, the more tempted we are to get what we want in ways that do not please God or depend on his providence. Are you content with what you have, or has your mind been playing around with ways to get richer? Are there any ways you are compromising your integrity for financial gain? The reason the Bible reveals that Judas had a profit motive is not to stigmatize him, but to show how ordinary his temptation was. Judas did it for the money, which is exactly the reason why a lot of people do a lot of the wrong things they do. Unfortunately, there is more than a little bit of the betrayer in all of us. Like Judas, we have had the extraordinary spiritual privilege of seeing the person and work of Jesus for ourselves. We have professed our faith in Christ and started to follow him, as Judas did. We have heard the preaching of his gospel, and we know something of his divine power. Yet even a temptation as simple as the love of money might lead us into a deep betrayal of the Lord we say that we worship. (Reformed Expository Commentary - Luke) Rod Mattoon asks "You may ask, "Can a Christian be a pawn of Satan?" You better believe you can! He cannot possess you, but he can influence you to do his work and hurt the work of Christ. Christians gripped with greed, gossip, hate, bitterness, jealousy, carnality, apathy, or immorality can become pawns of Satan. In fact, it was Paul who warned us about letting Satan get a foothold in our lives. Ephesians 4:27—Neither give place to the devil. 2 Corinthians 2:11—Lest Satan should set an advantage of us: for we are not ignorant of his devices. The phrase "get an advantage of us" is from the word pleonekteo which means "to overreach and be able to grab something, to be superior, to have more of us." Like a boy grasping for cookies in a cookie jar, Satan is grasping for control of you. When Satan gets control of us, that's when we get into trouble. (Treasures from Luke: Volume Six) Luke 22:6 So he consented, and began seeking a good opportunity to betray Him to them apart from the crowd. KJV Luke 22:6 And he promised, and sought opportunity to betray him unto them in the absence of the multitude. in the absence of the multitude Mt 26:5; Mark 14:2 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JUDAS CONSENTS TO THE OFFER Parallel passages: Matthew 26:16+ From then on he began looking for a good opportunity to betray Jesus. Mark 14:11+ They were glad when they heard this, and promised to give him money. And he began seeking how to betray Him at an opportune time. So he consented, and began seeking a good opportunity to betray Him to them - The bargain was promptly struck. An offer from the Jewish leaders was "on the table" and greedy Judas was quick to accept it. Notice the interesting irony of seeking a GOOD opportunity for a BAD deed, indeed, the worst deed! Mark says they "promised to give him money" suggesting that the payment would be made on completion of the dirty deed. In any event, it was enough to motivate the greed of Judas to begin seeking how to betray the One Who had always been faithful to him! Allison Trites - The conspiracy against Jesus is noted in all four Gospels, with John providing the fullest account and Luke the briefest (Lk 22:1–2; cf. John 11:45–52). John noted the insecurity of the Jewish religious leaders who conferred in the high council (or Sanhedrin) and concluded: “If we allow him to go on like this, soon everyone will believe in him. Then the Roman army will come and destroy both our Temple and our nation” (John 11:48). John also mentioned the high priest’s prophecy that Jesus “would die for the entire nation” (John 11:51); John noted Jesus’ prediction of his betrayal by Judas a little later (John 13:18–30). (Cornerstone Bible Commentary) Consented (1843)(exomologeo) means an open confession but in this context meant to consent or to fully accept the offer of the "blood money" from the Jewish leaders. Began seeking (2212)(zeteo) making efforts to discover an opening to betray Jesus. The imperfect tense means over and over Judas was watching for a convenient time to betray Jesus.
Lucas 22
Lenski - They learned the great lesson of absolute trust in their Sender. He did provide for them through the name and the fame with which he had filled all Galilee. Never once had he failed them. (Lenski New Testament Commentary – The Interpretation of St. Luke's Gospel) Luke 22:36 And He said to them, "But now, whoever has a money belt is to take it along, likewise also a bag, and whoever has no sword is to sell his coat and buy one. KJV Luke 22:36 Then said he unto them, But now, he that hath a purse, let him take it, and likewise his scrip: and he that hath no sword, let him sell his garment, and buy one. But now, Mt 10:22-25; John 15:20; 16:33; 1 Thessalonians 2:14,15; 3:4; 1 Pe 4:1 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JESUS ISSUES AN "ABOUT FACE"! About face is a military term used as a drill command in which a unit or soldier makes a 180-degree turn and figuratively signifies a reversal of direction in regard to attitude, behavior, or point of view. And He said to them, "But now" - (alla nun = an emphatic contrast) The previous passage describe "then," but now is a different time! This term of contrast introduces an radical reversal of Jesus' marching orders regarding their future evangelistic campaigns. Difficult days lie ahead. After His crucifixion everything would change! Jesus' arrest and crucifixion would trigger opposition, rejection and even overt persecution of His disciples. Now they would need to put in place things He had stated earlier like "Count the cost!" (cf Lk 14:28+). Jesus had hinted at what the future held when He said "Go; behold, I send you out as lambs in the midst of wolves." (Lk 10:3). Why the radical change? Clearly Jesus was with them in the past and was still generally popular because of His miracles and His healing. Soon, Jesus would no longer be with them. The past was their time of "training," but now they were to put into practice what they had learned. Luke does not describe the critical provision they would have which the did not have in the past and that provision of course was the empowering Holy Spirit (cf Acts 1:8+).
Lucas 22
Lenski comments - Judas is asked to realize what he is doing in order to be terrified at his own act. The emphasis is on the first and the last Greek word: "with a kiss—dost thou betray?" The kiss, the great and universal sign of friendship and love, is used here for the basest and most damnable act, the betrayal of no less a one than "the Son of man," he who is man and yet more than man (see 5:24). Judas performs his vicious act in the most vicious and atrocious way. John 18:4-9 brings out the truth that the kissing and the betrayal of Judas amounted to just nothing, for Jesus points himself out to his captors, prevents any molestation of the eleven, and delivers himself up. It was thus and not upon Judas' kiss that the chiliarch and possibly also the Jewish commander ordered men to step forward to take Jesus a prisoner. (The Interpretation of St. Luke's Gospel) NET Note - Jesus' comment about betraying the Son of Man with a kiss shows the hypocrisy and blindness of an attempt to cover up sin. On "misused kisses" in the Bible, see Ge 27:26–27; 2 Sa 15:5; Pr 7:13; 27:6; and 2 Sa 20:9. Mattoon on Judas' kiss - The kisses were hollow with hypocrisy, corrupt with chicanery, masked with misery, teeming with treachery, and plagued with penury of any passion for Jesus Christ. C H