Efésios 4
Matthew Poole · Citado em PreceptAustin
Efésios 4:31
Poole - such inordinate loudness as men in anger are wont to break out into in their words. Vincent -“the outcry of passion, the outward manifestation of anger in vociferation or brawling.” (Ephesians 4 Word Studies) Lange says that clamor "is wild, rough crying, refers to the voice, improperly strained and sharpened, as in scolding, upbraiding, to the casting about of words uninterruptedly. It is the steed of anger (Chrysostom)." Krauge - 6x in 6v - NAS = clamor(1), crying(2), shout(1), uproar(1), voice(1). Matthew 25:6 "But at midnight there was a shout, 'Behold, the bridegroom! Come out to meet him.' Luke 1:42 And she cried out with a loud voice and said, "Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb! Acts 23:9+ (PEOPLE SHOUTING BACK AND FORTH) And there occurred a great uproar; and some of the scribes of the Pharisaic party stood up and began to argue heatedly, saying, "We find nothing wrong with this man; suppose a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?" Ephesians 4:31 Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you, along with all malice. Hebrews 5:7+ In the days of His flesh (= incarnation of Christ, not that He ever acted "fleshly" in the bad ethical sense!), He offered up both prayers and supplications with loud crying and tears to the One able to save Him from death, and He was heard because of His piety. Revelation 21:4+ and He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away." Krauge - 51x in the non-apocryphal Septuagint - Gen 18:20f; 19:13; Exod 3:7, 9; 11:6; 12:30; 1 Sam 4:6; 5:12; 2 Sam 6:15; 22:7; 1 Kgs 12:24; Neh 5:1, 6; 9:9; Esth 4:3; Job 16:18; 34:28; 39:25; Ps 5:1; 9:12; 18:6; 102:1; 144:14; Eccl 9:17; Isa 5:7; 30:19; 58:4; 65:19; 66:6; Jer 4:19; 8:19; 14:2; 18:22; 20:16; 25:36; 31:35; 46:12; 48:5, 34; 49:21; 50:46; 51:54; Ezek 21:22; 27:28; Amos 1:14; 2:2; Jonah 1:2; 2:2; Zeph 1:10, 16 Genesis 18:20 And the LORD said, "The outcry (LXX = krauge) of Sodom and Gomorrah is indeed great, and their sin is exceedingly grave. Exodus 3:7 The LORD said, "I have surely seen the affliction of My people who are in Egypt, and have given heed to their cry (LXX= krauge) because of their taskmasters, for I am aware of their sufferings. Psalm 144:14 Let our cattle bear Without mishap and without loss, Let there be no outcry (LXX = krauge) in our streets! Slander (988) (blasphemia from blapto = hinder, injure, hurt + pheme = report, rumor, fame from phemí = to speak; see study of verb form blasphemeo) refers to verbal abuse against someone which denotes the very worst type of slander. It is speech which seeks to wound someone's reputation by evil reports, evil speaking. Abusive speech against someone by telling lies or otherwise offending them. In Classical Greek blasphemia/blasphemeo represented the strongest expression of personal defamation. The idea is that the words spoken to hurt, destroy, discredit or smite another person's reputation ot good name by speaking evil against them. Today we might call this "smear tactics" (an everyday practice in American politics!) Blasphemia means literally to speak to harm and in general therefore means to bring into ill repute and so to slander, to defame (to harm the reputation of by libel or slander), speak evil of, to rail at (revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language and rail stresses an unrestrained berating), to speak calumny (noun form = a misrepresentation intended to blacken another’s reputation = the act of uttering false charges or misrepresentations maliciously calculated to damage another’s reputation), to calumniate (verb form = to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about - calumniate imputes malice to the speaker and falsity to the assertions) Blasphemia is speech that is harmful, which denigrates or defames and thus refers to reviling, denigration, disrespect, slander, abusive speech (as against a person's reputation), evil speaking. In the Revelation blasphemia refers to that evil speech directed against the nature and power of God and especially characterizes the speech of the Antichrist (Rev 13:1, 5, 6+) Blasphemy is an injury offered to God, by denying that which is due and belonging to him, on attributing to him that which is not agreeable to his nature. -- Linwood. It is worth noting that in the OT blasphemy was a most serious sin, so serious in fact, that the Law of Moses decreed that anyone who blasphemed the name of Jehovah God should be stoned (Lv 24:10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). This law even included foreigners who were guests in the camp of Israel. Sam Gordon - It is when we spread malicious rumours and juicy stories about people. It is when we pour petrol on a fire and then walk away holding the fire extinguisher. It is the kind of thing we tend to do behind people’s backs because we want to destroy their reputation
Efésios 4:31
Poole - And evil speaking - either with respect to God or man, though the latter seems particularly meant here; railing, reviling, reproaching, &c., the ordinary effects of immoderate anger.
Efésios 4:32
Poole - sweet, amiable, facile in words and conversation, Luke 6:35. Vine writes that chrestos "primarily signifies “fit for use, able to be used” (akin to chraomai, “to use”), hence, “good, virtuous, mild, pleasant” (in contrast to what is hard, harsh, sharp, bitter). It is said (a) of the character of God as "kind, gracious," Lk 6:35; 1Pe 2:3; "good," Ro 2:4 , where the neuter of the adjective is used as a noun, "the goodness" (cp. the corresponding noun chrestotes, "goodness," in the same verse); of the yoke of Christ, Mt 11:30 , "easy" (a suitable rendering would be "kindly"); (c) of believers, Ephesians 4:32; (d) of things, as wine, Lk 5:39 , RV, "good," for AV, "better" (cp. Jer 24:3,5 , of figs); (e) ethically, of manners, 1Cor 15:33 . (Easy, Easier, Easily - Vine's Expository Dictionary of NT Words) Chrestos expresses the material usefulness of things with regard to their goodness, pleasantness and softness. Chrestos was a common proper name of the first century. (See 1Pe 2:3+). NIDNTT states in classic use "chrestos originally denoted usefulness, and hence what appeared useful, good, suitable and proper (e.g. mild wine). This was very soon followed by the broadening of the concept to include moral excellence and perfection, in which inner greatness was linked with genuine goodness of heart. So chrestos meant morally good and honourable, the capacity to show kindness to everyone. Used as a noun, to chreston meant a friendly nature, kindness; in the plur. ta chresta, kind actions (Herodotus). In the same way the noun, he chrestotes, from Euripides on, acquired the meaning of friendliness, kindness, mildness, and was used in inscriptions as a title of honour for rulers and important public figures. (Brown, Colin, Editor. New International Dictionary of NT Theology. 1986. Zondervan)