2 Coríntios 7
Marvin Vincent · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 7
Vincent - Tribulation is perhaps as accurate a rendering as is possible, being derived from tribulum, the threshing-roller of the Romans. In both the idea of pressure is dominant, though thlipsis does not convey the idea of separation (as of corn from husk) which is implied in tribulatio." Conflicts (fightings, struggles, battles)(3163) mache from machomai = to fight - this word is used for physical combat, especially military) when used literally refers to physical combat or a contest fought with weapons = battle, conflict, fight. The idea is a serious clash or conflict, and can be either physical or non-physical. It pictures violent personal relationships. Fear (5401) phobos from phebomai = flee, withdraw) (see another discussion of phobos) is used in an active sense to describe that which causes fear or terror. Fear is usually an emotion of severe distress aroused by intense concern of some impending pain, danger, etc, and is usually accompanied by a desire to flee because feeling inadequate or without sufficient resources. Wick Broomall suggests the following outline for the remainder of the chapter. He entitles it... Reasons for Paul’s High Regard for the Corinthians. 2Co 7:5-16. 2Co 7:5-7 give Paul’s first reason: Their regard for him. 2Co 7:8-12 give Paul’s second reason: Their response to his letter. 2Co 7:13-16 Paul gives the third reason: Their reception of Titus. (Wycliffe Bible Commentary - online) Honest Relationships We were troubled on every side. Outside were conflicts, inside were fears. — 2 Corinthians 7:5 Today's Scripture: 2 Corinthians 7:2-7 Meet Mr. and Mrs. Everything’s Fine. They’re dedicated to ministering to people and everyone respects them, but many feel uncomfortable around them. They always speak in glowing terms about their marriage and the joys of parenthood. They have a Bible verse for every situation. One of their friends said, “When I’m around them, I don’t feel free to say how I really feel. When I do, they just tell me to ‘trust God.'” Now consider the apostle Paul. Instead of pretending that everything was always okay, he was transparent about his own struggles. This made people feel safe to open up to him. Listen to his honesty: “Our bodies had no rest, but we were troubled on every side. Outside were conflicts, inside were fears” (2 Cor. 7:5). Sharing those painful experiences and raw emotions enabled Paul to give this sincere testimony: “Nevertheless God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus” (v.6). Wearing a mask that shows everything's fine Says that life's struggles are not God's design; But when we're open, transparent, and true, People will trust God to meet their needs too. —Sper The more we work at what we should be, the less we'll need to hide what we are. Streams in the Desert - “We are troubled on every side.” (2 Cor. 7:5.) WHY should God have to lead us thus, and allow the pressure to be so hard and constant? Well, in the first place, it shows His all-sufficient strength and grace much better than if we were exempt from pressure and trial. “The treasure is in earthen vessels, that the excellency of the power may be of God, and not of us.” It makes us more conscious of our dependence upon Him. God is constantly trying to teach us our dependence, and to hold us absolutely in His hand and hanging upon His care. This was the place where Jesus Himself stood and where He wants us to stand, not with self-constituted strength, but with a hand ever leaning upon His, and a trust that dare not take one step alone. It teaches us trust. There is no way of learning faith except by trial. It is God’s school of faith, and it is far better for us to learn to trust God than to enjoy life. The lesson of faith once learned, is an everlasting acquisition and an eternal fortune made; and without trust even riches will leave us poor.—Days of Heaven upon Earth. “Why must I weep when others sing? ‘To test the deeps of suffering’. Why must I work while others rest? ‘To spend my strength at God’s request.’ Why must I lose while others gain? ‘To understand defeat’s sharp pain.’ Why must this lot of life be mine When that which fairer seems is thine? ‘Because God knows what plans for me Shall blossom in eternity.’ ” 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who comforts the depressed, comforted us by the coming of Titus; KJV 2 Corinthians 7:6 Nevertheless God, that comforteth those that are cast down, comforted us by the coming of Titus; NET 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who encourages the downhearted, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus. BGT 2 Corinthians 7:6 ἀλλ᾽ ὁ παρακαλῶν τοὺς ταπεινοὺς παρεκάλεσεν ἡμᾶς ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ Τίτου, NLT 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who encourages those who are discouraged, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus. ESV 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus, NIV 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus, YLT 2 Corinthians 7:6 but He who is comforting the cast-down -- God -- He did comfort us in the presence of Titus; ASV 2 Corinthians 7:6 Nevertheless he that comforteth the lowly, even God, comforted us by the coming of Titus; CSB 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who comforts the humble, comforted us by the arrival of Titus, MIT 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, the companion of the humble, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus. NKJ 2 Corinthians 7:6 Nevertheless God, who comforts the downcast, comforted us by the coming of Titus, NRS 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who consoles the downcast, consoled us by the arrival of Titus, NAB 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who encourages the downcast, encouraged us by the arrival of Titus, NJB 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God, who encourages all those who are distressed, encouraged us through the arrival of Titus; GWN 2 Corinthians 7:6 Yet God, who comforts those who are dejected, comforted us when Titus arrived. BBE 2 Corinthians 7:6 But God who gives comfort to the poor in spirit gave us comfort by the coming of Titus; But God, who comforts the depressed: 2Co 1:3-4 2:14 Isa 12:1 51:12 57:15,18 61:1,2 Jer 31:13 Mt 5:4 Joh 14:16 Ro 15:5 Php 2:1 2Th 2:16,17 comforted: 2Co 2:13 1Co 16:17,18 1Th 3:2,6,7 3Jn 1:2-4 2 Corinthians 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Isaiah 49:13 (GOD OF ALL COMFORT) Shout for joy, O heavens! And rejoice, O earth! Break forth into joyful shouting, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people And will have compassion on His afflicted. Isaiah 51:3 Indeed, the LORD will comfort Zion; He will comfort all her waste places. And her wilderness He will make like Eden, And her desert like the garden of the LORD; Joy and gladness will be found in her, Thanksgiving and sound of a melody. Isaiah 52:9 Break forth, shout joyfully together, You waste places of Jerusalem; For the LORD has comforted His people, He has redeemed Jerusalem. 2 Corinthians 1:3-11+ Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, 4 Who comforts us in all our affliction so that we will be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. 5 For just as the sufferings of Christ are ours in abundance, so also our comfort is abundant through Christ. 6 But if we are afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation; or if we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which is effective in the patient enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer; 7 and our hope for you is firmly grounded, knowing that as you are sharers of our sufferings, so also you are sharers of our comfort. 8 For we do not want you to be unaware, brethren, of our affliction which came to us in Asia, that we were burdened excessively, beyond our strength, so that we despaired even of life; 9 indeed, we had the sentence of death within ourselves so that we would not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead; 10 Who delivered us from so great a peril of death, and will deliver us, He on whom we have set our hope. And He will yet deliver us, 11 you also joining in helping us through your prayers, so that thanks may be given by many persons on our behalf for the favor bestowed on us through the prayers of many. Acts 28:15+ (EFFECT OF BRETHREN IN ENCOURAGEMENT) And the brethren, when they heard about us, came from there as far as the Market of Appius and Three Inns to meet us; and when Paul saw them, he thanked God and took courage (became confident). 1 Cor 16:17+ I rejoice over the coming of Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus, because they have supplied what was lacking (husterema) on your part. Galatians 6:2+ Bear (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) one another’s burdens, and thereby fulfill the law of Christ. GOD'S PROVIDENTIAL PROVISION But God - A wonderful contrast describing what happens when God "steps in!" The key word in 2Co 7:6-7 is comfort (parakaleo). This was not the first time Paul had experienced the God of all comfort as he wrote in 2Co 1:3-11. First and foremost is God comfort, then people (Titus) comfort. THOUGHT - We have all experienced similar "but God" moments in our life when God sets our feet on the mountain once again (cf Hab 3:19+) and it therefore behooves us to keep them in our memory when we are walking through the "valley times." But God in the Corinthians letters (accounts for 8/20 NT occurrences) - 1Co. 1:27; 1Co. 3:6; 1Co. 3:7; 1Co. 6:13; 1Co. 7:15; 1Co. 12:24; 1Co. 15:38; 2Co. 7:6 Who (present tense - continually) comforts (parakaleo) the depressed (tapeinos) comforted us by the coming (parousia) of Titus - Note that first it is God Who continually comforted Paul (who was depressed). Comfort also has the sense of encourage, a effect Titus' arrival surely had on Paul's psyche! Depressed describes Paul's despondent, downcast state over concerns regarding Corinth. As we might say today Paul was "down in the mouth!" Coming is parousia meaning both an arrival and a being present at a place (as in Php 2:12), but also coming (1Co 16:17) and is used in 1Co 15:23 (cf 1Th 2:19, 3:13, 4:15, 5:23) of "Christ at His coming." Thou hast turned for me my mourning into dancing; Thou hast loosed my sackcloth and girded me with gladness --Psalm 30:11 Homer Kent - It was God who had stood beside these discouraged and apprehensive missionaries and provided the strength and comfort they needed to move forward with their ministry. (A Heart Opened Wide: Studies in 2 Corinthians)
2 Coríntios 7
Vincent adds "Metanoia (repentance) is therefore, primarily, an after-thought, different from the former thought; then, a change of mind which issues in regret and in change of conduct. These latter ideas, however, have been imported into the word by scriptural usage, and do not lie in it etymologically nor by primary usage. Repentance, then, has been rightly defined as “Such a virtuous alteration of the mind and purpose as begets a like virtuous change in the life and practice.” Metanoia - 22v in NT - Mt. 3:8; Mt. 3:11; Mk. 1:4; Lk. 3:3; Lk. 3:8; Lk. 5:32; Lk. 15:7; Lk. 24:47; Acts 5:31; Acts 11:18; Acts 13:24; Acts 19:4; Acts 20:21; Acts 26:20; Ro 2:4; 2 Co. 7:9; 2 Co. 7:10; 2 Ti 2:25; Heb. 6:1; Heb. 6:6; Heb. 12:17; 2 Pet. 3:9 Suffer loss (forfeit) (2210)(zemioo from zemia) means to affect with damage or to do damage to, to suffer injury, to suffer loss, to sustain damage, to forfeit or to fine. It means to experience the loss of something, with implication of undergoing hardship or suffering. 6 uses in NT - Matt. 16:26; Mk. 8:36; Lk. 9:25; 1 Co. 3:15; 2 Co. 7:9; Phil. 3:8 Godly Sorrow I rejoice, not that you were made sorry, but that your sorrow led to repentance. For you were made sorry in a godly manner. —2 Corinthians 7:9 Today's Scripture: 2 Corinthians 7:5-10 Thieves stole nearly $5,000 in sound and office equipment from a church in West Virginia, only to break in the following night to return the items they had taken. Apparently, the guilt of stealing from a church weighed so heavily on their conscience that they felt the need to correct their criminal behavior of breaking the commandment: “You shall not steal” (Ex. 20:15). Their actions make me think about the differences between worldly sorrow and godly sorrow. Paul praised the Corinthians for understanding this difference. His first letter to them was biting, as he addressed issues of sin. His words caused sorrow among them, and because of this Paul rejoiced. Why? Their sorrow did not stop at just feeling sad about getting caught or suffering the unpleasant consequences of their sins. Their sorrow was godly sorrow, a genuine remorse for their sins. This led them to repentance—a change in their thinking that led to a renouncing of their sin and turning to God. Their repentance ultimately led to deliverance from their sinful habits. O Wind of God, come bend us, break us, Till humbly we confess our need; Then in Thy tenderness remake us, Revive, restore—for this we plead. —Head Repentance means hating sin enough to turn from it. 2 Corinthians 7:10 For the sorrow that is according to the will of God produces a repentance without regret, leading to salvation, but the sorrow of the world produces death. KJV 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation not to be repented of: but the sorrow of the world worketh death. NET 2 Corinthians 7:10 For sadness as intended by God produces a repentance that leads to salvation, leaving no regret, but worldly sadness brings about death. BGT 2 Corinthians 7:10 ἡ γὰρ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη μετάνοιαν εἰς σωτηρίαν ἀμεταμέλητον ἐργάζεται· ἡ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου λύπη θάνατον κατεργάζεται. NLT 2 Corinthians 7:10 For the kind of sorrow God wants us to experience leads us away from sin and results in salvation. There's no regret for that kind of sorrow. But worldly sorrow, which lacks repentance, results in spiritual death. ESV 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret, whereas worldly grief produces death. NIV 2 Corinthians 7:10 Godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to salvation and leaves no regret, but worldly sorrow brings death. YLT 2 Corinthians 7:10 for the sorrow toward God reformation to salvation not to be repented of doth work, and the sorrow of the world doth work death, ASV 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly sorrow worketh repentance unto salvation, a repentance which bringeth no regret: but the sorrow of the world worketh death. CSB 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly grief produces a repentance not to be regretted and leading to salvation, but worldly grief produces death. MIT 2 Corinthians 7:10 For the grief that is God-oriented produces repentance, leading to salvation—not to be regretted. But the world's grief exerts a lethal effect. NKJ 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly sorrow produces repentance leading to salvation, not to be regretted; but the sorrow of the world produces death. NRS 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly grief produces a repentance that leads to salvation and brings no regret, but worldly grief produces death. NAB 2 Corinthians 7:10 For godly sorrow produces a salutary repentance without regret, but worldly sorrow produces death. NJB 2 Corinthians 7:10 For to be distressed in a way that God approves leads to repentance and then to salvation with no regrets; it is the world's kind of distress that ends in death. GWN 2 Corinthians 7:10 In fact, to be distressed in a godly way causes people to change the way they think and act and leads them to be saved. No one can regret that. But the distress that the world causes brings only death. BBE 2 Corinthians 7:10 For the sorrow which God gives is the cause of salvation through a change of heart, in which there is no reason for grief: but the sorrow of the world is a cause of death. produces a repentance without regret: 2Co 12:21 2Sa 12:13 1Ki 8:47-50 Job 33:27,28 Jer 31:9 Eze 7:16 Eze 18:27-30 Jon 3:8,10 Mt 21:28-32 26:75 Lu 15:10 18:13 Ac 3:19 11:18 2Ti 2:25,26 sorrow of the world produces death. Ge 4:13-15 30:1 1Sa 30:6 2Sa 13:4 17:23 1Ki 21:4 Pr 15:13,15 Pr 17:22 18:14 Jon 4:9 Mt 27:4,5 Heb 12:17 2 Corinthians 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Matthew 14:9 (HEROD - EXAMPLE OF WORLDLY SORROW) Although he (KING HEROD - SEE CONTEXT - Mt 14:6-8) was grieved, the king commanded it to be given because of his oaths, and because of his dinner guests. Matthew 19:22 (RICH YOUR MAN- EXAMPLE OF WORLDLY SORROW) But when the young man heard this statement, he went away grieving; for he was one who owned much property. Matthew 27:3-5 (JUDAS- EXAMPLE OF WORLDLY SORROW) Then when Judas, who had betrayed Him, saw that He had been condemned, he felt remorse and returned the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, 4 saying, “I have sinned by betraying innocent blood.” But they said, “What is that to us? See to that yourself!” 5And he threw the pieces of silver into the temple sanctuary and departed; and he went away and hanged himself. REPENTANCE THAT LEADS TO SALVATION Paul contrasts godly sorrow with worldly sorrow and shows the "fruit" of each type of sorrow. For (gar) the sorrow (lupe) that is according to the will of God (present tense - continually) produces (ergazomai) a repentance (metanoia) without regret (ametameletos), leading to salvation (soteria) - The fact that the sorrow works in them a sincere repentance not just empty remorse is evidence that they are saved, that they are genuine believers. Note this sorrow is without regret because of the beautiful fruit if produces. Those who experience this quality of repentance will never regret it. To what does salvation refer in this context? Since the Corinthians were already believers, Paul is not referring to their initial salvation (past tense salvation, justification), but to their present tense salvation (see Three Tenses of Salvation) or sanctification. Another way to view salvation is that in the context of a "rough" relationship between Paul and the Corinthians, salvation is effectively a restoration of their relationship or a reconciliation. Recall that the Greek word soteria conveyed other meanings such as deliverance from consequences of sin and subsequent restoration to a former state of safety, health, well being. Is that not part of the "fruit" of repentance? I think so. Alan Redpath - “How sorry do you think you have to be? What is the purpose of your sorrow for sin? It is to bring you to trust in the atoning work of our Lord Jesus Christ. It is not your sorrow that cleanses you from sin, but His blood. It is the goodness of God that leads a man to repentance. Has your sorrow for sin led you at one time or another fling all the burden of it at the feet of a crucified, risen Saviour? If it hasn’t, anything short of that is what Paul here calls sorrow that leads to death.” John