Números 35
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Números 35
Morris - the avenger. The "avenger" (Hebrew gaal, also translated "kinsman" or "redeemer") acted under the authority of Genesis 9:6, seeking to avenge the death of a near kinsman (Hebrews 6:18). Avenger (01350) see note below on goel/ga'al. Related Resources: Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible Avenger of Blood Morrish Bible Dictionary Avenger, Avenger of Blood 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Avenger of Blood McClintock and Strong's Bible Encyclopedia Avenger of Blood The Jewish Encyclopedia Avenger of Blood Question: What is an avenger of blood in the Bible? Answer: In the Bible, an avenger of blood is a person legally responsible for carrying out vengeance when a family member has been unlawfully killed or murdered. The avenger of blood is usually the nearest male relative of the murdered person. This family executioner seeks justice by killing the individual responsible for the death of his relative. Mosaic Law allowed vengeance killings carried out by an avenger of blood: “The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death; when the avenger comes upon the murderer, the avenger shall put the murderer to death” (Numbers 35:19; see also 26–27 and Deuteronomy 19:11–12). If a family member was murdered, it became the duty of the avenger of blood to restore justice to the family and the land by pursuing and ultimately carrying out the death penalty on the person responsible. This Old Testament law is rooted in God’s requirement of a life for a life in cases of murder: “And I will require the blood of anyone who takes another person’s life. If a wild animal kills a person, it must die. And anyone who murders a fellow human must die. If anyone takes a human life, that person’s life will also be taken by human hands. For God made human beings in his own image” (Genesis 9:5–6, NLT). The word translated “avenge,” in Hebrew, is related to the word for “redeem,” “reclaim,” or “restore.” As a representative of God and the family, the avenger of blood “redeemed” or “reclaimed” the blood of the relative by killing the original blood-shedder. An avenger of blood was to act only in cases of deliberate murder or the unlawful taking of an innocent life. Intent is a necessary element of murder. Six examples of intentional homicide are outlined in Numbers 35:16–21. The avenger of blood was not given license to act in instances of accidental manslaughter. The Mosaic Law regulated the actions of the avenger of blood by providing cities of refuge for the accused. An individual who committed manslaughter, or the unintentional and accidental killing of a person, could find sanctuary in any of the six designated cities of refuge throughout the land of Israel (Numbers 35:10–15, 22–25; Deuteronomy 19:4–6; Joshua 20:1–6). In these towns, the avenger of blood’s quarry was legally protected and guaranteed a fair trial. Gideon became the avenger of blood for his brothers who had been murdered on Mount Tabor by the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna (Judges 8:18–21). Joab avenged the blood of his brother Asahel (2 Samuel 3:27–30). The men of Gibeon avenged the deaths of their countrymen at the hands of Saul by executing seven of the king’s sons (2 Samuel 21:1–9). The avenger of blood concept also figures into the account of King Amaziah, who put to death the officials who had assassinated his father (2 Kings 14:5–6). The story of the Tekoite woman involved a plea for King David to stop the actions of the avenger of blood (2 Samuel 14:8–11). In the New Testament, the apostle Paul instructs, “Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everyone. If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone. Do not take revenge, my dear friends, but leave room for God’s wrath, for it is written: ‘It is mine to avenge; I will repay,’ says the Lord” (Romans 12:17–19). Scripture promises that God will punish evildoers (1 Thessalonians 4:6). God has also appointed government authorities to execute vengeance on His behalf: “The government is God’s servant working for your good. But if you do what is wrong, you should be afraid. The government has the right to carry out the death sentence. It is God’s servant, an avenger to execute God’s anger on anyone who does what is wrong” (Romans 13:4, GWT). Ultimately, the Lord is the Restorer and Redeemer of His people (Isaiah 41:14). In several places in Scripture, God is portrayed as the avenger of blood: “Rejoice, you nations, with his people, for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will take vengeance on his enemies and make atonement for his land and people” (Deuteronomy 32:43; see also Judges 9:23–24; 2 Kings 9:7; Psalm 9:12; 79:10; Revelation 6:10; 19:2). GotQuestions.org Numbers 35:13 'The cities which you are to give shall be your six cities of refuge. six cities: Nu 35:6 Charles Feinberg - Cities of Refuge - Part 1; Cities of Refuge - Part 2 - journal articles Numbers 35 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries The cities which you are to give shall be your six cities of refuge - Six cities, as described in the next verse, 3 on the west and 3 on the east of the Jordan and distributed throughout the land in such a way that a man guilty of causing another's death by accident would easily be able to reach a city and be safe from the relative of the dead person, the so-called blood avenger. Numbers 35:14 'You shall give three cities across the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan; they are to be cities of refuge. three cities: De 4:41-43 Dt 19:8-10 Jos 20:7-9 Numbers 35 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THREE EAST & THREE WEST - DIVINE PROVISION OF READY REFUGE! You shall give three cities across the Jordan - Moses records them in Dt 4:41-43 "Then Moses set apart three cities across the Jordan to the east, 42 that a manslayer might flee there, who unintentionally slew his neighbor without having enmity toward him in time past; and by fleeing to one of these cities he might live: 43 Bezer in the wilderness on the plateau for the Reubenites, and Ramoth in Gilead for the Gadites, and Golan in Bashan for the Manassites." Joshua 20:8 also records these 3 cities - "Beyond the Jordan east of Jericho, they designated Bezer in the wilderness on the plain from the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead from the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan from the tribe of Manasseh." and three cities in the land of Canaan; they are to be cities of refuge - Joshua records three cities west of the Jordan - "So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali and Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah." (Joshua 20:7) Deuteronomy 19:3 tells that the roads were to be maintained for the manslayer - “You shall prepare the roads for yourself, and divide into three parts the territory of your land which the LORD your God will give you as a possession, so that any manslayer may flee there. Numbers 35:15 'These six cities shall be for refuge for the sons of Israel, and for the alien and for the sojourner among them; that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there. Nu 15:16 Ex 12:49 Lev 24:22 Ro 3:29 Ga 3:28 Numbers 35 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PURPOSE OF THE CITIES OF REFUGE These six cities shall be for refuge for the sons of Israel, and for the alien and for the sojourner among them; that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there - Notice the Scripture is clear that the city of refuge was a place of safety for one who accidentally killed another person. Currid - The manslayer stands in judgement before the congregation; in Deuteronomy 19:11–12, it is the elders of the manslayer’s home city who determine final judgement. If the manslayer is judged guilty of intentional, deliberate homicide, then he will be handed over to the blood avenger for the punishment to be carried out. The laws of refuge apply not only to native Israelites, but also to the ‘sojourner’ and the ‘one who dwells’ among the Israelites. (EPSC-Nu)
Números 35
Morris - The Revelation Record) hold that the scroll represents the the "Title Deed" to the earth. Revelation 5+ records what John saw... And I saw in the right hand of Him who sat on the throne a book (scroll) written inside and on the back, sealed up with seven seals. 2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, "Who is worthy to open the book (scroll) and to break its seals?" 3 And no one in heaven, or on the earth, or under the earth, was able to open the book (scroll), or to look into it. 4 And I began to weep greatly, because no one was found worthy (axios [word study]) to open the book (scroll), or to look into it; 5 and one of the elders said to me, "Stop weeping; behold, the Lion that is from the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has overcome (nikao [word study] in the perfect tense = ) so as to open the book (scroll) and its seven seals." 6 And I saw between the throne (with the four living creatures) and the elders a Lamb standing, as if slain (perfect tense = past completed action [The Crucifixion] with continuing results/effect, speaks of the permanence of His past slaying, and it testified to by His scars, His marks of the new covenant, an unbreakable, eternal covenant), having seven horns and seven eyes, which are the seven Spirits of God, sent out into all the earth. 7 And He came, and He took it out of the right hand of Him who sat on the throne. The description of Jesus' "as if slain" needs to be further examined because of the beautiful picture it paints of the Passover Lamb, our Kinsman Redeemer.... In Isaiah the Lion of the tribe of Judah declares... "Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands..." (Isaiah 49:16+) Dave