Mateus 22
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 22
Morris - It seems that a second invitation to a feast was usual (cf. Esth. 5:8; 6:14). In a day when people had nothing equivalent to watches and when banquets took a long time to prepare, it was obviously a very helpful thing to be notified in this manner. From the Midrash Rabbah we find that there was another reason: “None of them would attend a banquet unless he was invited twice” (Lamentations 4:2; to explain this the Midrash tells a story of a banquet to which an invitation was sent by mistake to an enemy whose name was very similar to that of a friend; there were disastrous consequences when the enemy, once invited, refused to leave the feast, while the host insisted that he go). So the customary second invitation went out. (See The Gospel According To Matthew) D A Carson has an interesting thought - The son’s wedding banquet doubtless hints at the messianic banquet; but this must not be pressed too hard, for when that banquet comes, there is no possibility of acceptance or refusal. (See The Expositor's Bible Commentary - Page 98) NET NOTE - Though δοῦλος (doulos) is normally translated “servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. BDAG notes that “ ‘servant’ for ‘slave’ is largely confined to Biblical transl. and early American times … in normal usage at the present time the two words are carefully distinguished” (BDAG 260 s.v. 1). The most accurate translation is “bondservant” (sometimes found in the ASV for δοῦλος) in that it often indicates one who sells himself into slavery to another. But as this is archaic, few today understand its force. Matthew 22:4 “Again he sent out other slaves saying, ‘Tell those who have been invited, “Behold, I have prepared my dinner; my oxen and my fattened livestock are all butchered and everything is ready; come to the wedding feast.”’ KJV Matthew 22:4 Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage. BGT Matthew 22:4 πάλιν ἀπέστειλεν ἄλλους δούλους λέγων· εἴπατε τοῖς κεκλημένοις· ἰδοὺ τὸ ἄριστόν μου ἡτοίμακα, οἱ ταῦροί μου καὶ τὰ σιτιστὰ τεθυμένα καὶ πάντα ἕτοιμα· δεῦτε εἰς τοὺς γάμους. NET Matthew 22:4 Again he sent other slaves, saying, 'Tell those who have been invited, "Look! The feast I have prepared for you is ready. My oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet."' CSB Matthew 22:4 Again, he sent out other slaves, and said, 'Tell those who are invited: Look, I've prepared my dinner; my oxen and fattened cattle have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.' ESV Matthew 22:4 Again he sent other servants, saying, 'Tell those who are invited, "See, I have prepared my dinner, my oxen and my fat calves have been slaughtered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding feast."' NIV Matthew 22:4 "Then he sent some more servants and said, 'Tell those who have been invited that I have prepared my dinner: My oxen and fattened cattle have been butchered, and everything is ready. Come to the wedding banquet.' NLT Matthew 22:4 "So he sent other servants to tell them, 'The feast has been prepared. The bulls and fattened cattle have been killed, and everything is ready. Come to the banquet!' Again he sent out other slaves: Lu 10:1-16 24:46,47 Ac 1:8 11:19,20 13:46 28:17-31 Behold: Pr 9:1,2 Song 5:1 Jn 6:50-57 Ro 8:32 1Co 5:7,8 everything is ready: Mt 22:8 Ne 9:17 Ps 86:5 Lu 14:17 A SECOND SET OF COURIERS EXPRESS URGENCY TO COME Again he sent (apostello) other slaves (doulos) saying, ‘Tell (aorist imperative - conveys sense of urgency) those who have been invited (kaleo - perfect tense) - Again he (the king) sent indicates the great patience of the king! Invited (kaleo) is in the perfect tense signifying the invitation was sent out in the past and it was still valid. “Behold, (idou) I have prepared (hetoimazo) my dinner - Dinner is the rare noun ariston (here, Lk 11:38, 14:12) which strictly speaking refers to the early meal of the day (breakfast) or the noon meal but can refer to any meal generally (Lk 11:38). The verb prepared (hetoimazo) is derived from ready (hetoimos) and serves to emphasize the importance of not delaying in giving the king an affirmative response. My oxen and my fattened livestock are all butchered (thuo) and everything is ready (hetoimos); come (deute - aorist imperative - don't delay! Do this now!) to the wedding feast - The bookends (so to speak) of two commands, first to Behold and the second to come, emphasize the importance of of those who were invited to not procrastinate but to make a decision quickly. And to "sweeten the offer," the king provides some mouth watering motivation, emphasizing that he would not be providing "finger food," appetizers, but would provide a sumptuous "meaty" meal. Notice prepared and ready indicate the invitees have to do only one thing -- receive! Just like the Gospel message - receive it by faith! 🙏 THOUGHT - It is interesting to note that the verb butchered (thuo) often conveys the idea of sacrifice and was used for example to describe "the Passover lamb...being sacrificed [thuo[)" (Mk 14:12+, Lk 22:7+). While I may be pushing the meaning of the text a bit far, it is notable that the very One teaching this parable was Himself the Lamb of God Who within just a few days would be the ultimate sacrifice to take away the sin of the world (Jn 1:29+) Just a thought to ponder.
Mateus 22
Morris says it (diexodos) "seems to mean the places where the main highways go out from the city to the country, evidently places where poor people tended to congregate. Such people would not expect to find themselves as guests at a royal banquet, but the king is determined that the wedding feast go ahead, and that means that there must be guests to fill the places. Poor people at the road junctions are unlikely to refuse such an invitation. " (See The Gospel According To Matthew) Is this ultimately not the "GO" of the great commission in Matthew 28:19-20+? "Go therefore and make disciples (aorist imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” Who are the many they will find? Many would be Gentiles (cf Ro 11:11+). Paul alludes to this in Romans 9:25-26+ (quoting Hos 2:23, 1:10) "As He says also in Hosea, “I WILL CALL THOSE WHO WERE NOT MY PEOPLE, ‘MY PEOPLE,’ AND HER WHO WAS NOT BELOVED, ‘BELOVED.’” “AND IT SHALL BE THAT IN THE PLACE WHERE IT WAS SAID TO THEM, ‘YOU ARE NOT MY PEOPLE,’ THERE THEY SHALL BE CALLED SONS OF THE LIVING GOD.” Matthew 22:10 “Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered together all they found, both evil and good; and the wedding hall was filled with dinner guests. KJV Matthew 22:10 So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests. BGT Matthew 22:10 καὶ ἐξελθόντες οἱ δοῦλοι ἐκεῖνοι εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς συνήγαγον πάντας οὓς εὗρον, πονηρούς τε καὶ ἀγαθούς· καὶ ἐπλήσθη ὁ γάμος ἀνακειμένων. NET Matthew 22:10 And those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all they found, both bad and good, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. CSB Matthew 22:10 So those slaves went out on the roads and gathered everyone they found, both evil and good. The wedding banquet was filled with guests. ESV Matthew 22:10 And those servants went out into the roads and gathered all whom they found, both bad and good. So the wedding hall was filled with guests. NIV Matthew 22:10 So the servants went out into the streets and gathered all the people they could find, both good and bad, and the wedding hall was filled with guests. NLT Matthew 22:10 So the servants brought in everyone they could find, good and bad alike, and the banquet hall was filled with guests. NRS Matthew 22:10 Those slaves went out into the streets and gathered all whom they found, both good and bad; so the wedding hall was filled with guests. both: Mt 22:11,12 13:38,47,48 25:1,2 1Co 6:9-11 2Co 12:21 1Jn 2:19 Rev 2:14,15,20-23 and the: Mt 25:10 Rev 5:9 Rev 7:9 Rev 19:6-9 Related Passages: 1 Corinthians 6:9-11+ Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. 11 Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God. Revelation 5:9+ And they *sang a new song, saying, “Worthy are You to take the book and to break its seals; for You were slain, and purchased for God with Your blood men from every tribe and tongue and people and nation. Revelation 7:9+ After these things I looked, and behold, a great multitude which no one could count, from every nation and all tribes and peoples and tongues, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, and palm branches were in their hands; Revelation 19:6-9+ Then I heard something like the voice of a great multitude and like the sound of many waters and like the sound of mighty peals of thunder, saying, “Hallelujah! For the Lord our God, the Almighty, reigns. 7 “Let us rejoice and be glad and give the glory to Him, for the marriage of the Lamb has come and His bride has made herself ready.” 8 It was given to her to clothe herself in fine linen, bright and clean; for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints. 9 Then he *said to me, “Write, ‘Blessed are those who are invited to the marriage supper of the Lamb.’” And he *said to me, “These are true words of God.” Psalm 126:5-6+ Those who sow in tears shall reap with joyful shouting. 6 He who goes to and fro weeping, carrying his bag of seed, Shall indeed come again with a shout of joy, bringing his sheaves with him. GATHERING IN THE SHEAVES Those slaves (doulos) went out into the streets and gathered together (synago) all they found (heurisko - by searching or by "accident" ~ providence), both evil (poneros) and good (agathos) - Who are both evil (poneros - bad) and good (agathos)? Note that in God's eyes there is no one who does good, not even one (Ro 3:12+), so even the "good" are not good in His eyes. Aren't we grateful that he did not just say gather in the good people, the elite? He places no restrictions on their moral state! He accepts the worst of the good, the bad and the ugly if they simply believe in His Son. Evil and good would describe their general moral character and behavior, for some people are much more moral than others. But both are in need of being gathered and made able to enter the wedding hall by grace through faith (Eph 2:8-9+). And the wedding hall (numphon) was filled (pimplemi) with dinner guests (anakeimai) - Filled implies in the context of this parable that the slaves found many persons who gladly received the wedding invitation (aka the Gospel of Jesus Christ) and were then clothed with Christ's righteousness, the only garment acceptable in the wedding hall. BRINGING IN THE SHEAVES (play) “Bringing in the sheaves, bringing in the sheaves, We shall come rejoicing, bringing in the sheaves…” Matthew 22:11 “But when the king came in to look over the dinner guests, he saw a man there who was not dressed in wedding clothes, KJV Matthew 22:11 And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not on a wedding garment: BGT Matthew 22:11 εἰσελθὼν δὲ ὁ βασιλεὺς θεάσασθαι τοὺς ἀνακειμένους εἶδεν ἐκεῖ ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐνδεδυμένον ἔνδυμα γάμου, NET Matthew 22:11 But when the king came in to see the wedding guests, he saw a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. CSB Matthew 22:11 But when the king came in to view the guests, he saw a man there who was not dressed for a wedding. ESV Matthew 22:11 "But when the king came in to look at the guests, he saw there a man who had no wedding garment. NIV Matthew 22:11 "But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing wedding clothes. NLT Matthew 22:11 "But when the king came in to meet the guests, he noticed a man who wasn't wearing the proper clothes for a wedding. NRS Matthew 22:11 "But when the king came in to see the guests, he noticed a man there who was not wearing a wedding robe, NJB Matthew 22:11 When the king came in to look at the guests he noticed one man who was not wearing a wedding garment, NAB Matthew 22:11 But when the king came in to meet the guests he saw a man there not dressed in a wedding garment. YLT Matthew 22:11 'And the king having come in to view those reclining, saw there a man not clothed with clothing of the marriage-feast, when: Mt 3:12 13:30 25:31,32 Zep 1:12 1Co 4:5 Heb 4:12,13 Rev 2:23 which: 2Ki 10:22 Ps 45:13,14 Isa 52:1 Isa 61:3-10 Isa 64:6 Zec 3:3,4 La 5:22 Ro 3:22 Ro 13:14 Ga 3:27 2Co 5:3 Eph 4:24 Col 3:10-11 Rev 3:4,5,18 Rev 16:15 Rev 19:8 Related Passages: Romans 3:21-22+ But now apart from the Law the righteousness of God has been manifested, being witnessed by the Law and the Prophets, 22 even the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all those who believe; for there is no distinction; 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 being justified as a gift by His grace through the redemption which is in Christ Jesus; Galatians 3:27+ For all of you who were baptized into (~IDENTIFIED WITH) Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. Romans 13:14+ But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh in regard to its lusts. 2 Corinthians 5:2-3+ For indeed in this house we groan, longing to be clothed with our dwelling from heaven, 3 inasmuch as we, having put it on, will not be found naked. Colossians 3:10-11+ and have put on the new self who is being renewed to a true knowledge according to the image of the One who created him– 11 a renewal in which there is no distinction between Greek and Jew, circumcised and uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave and freeman, but Christ is all, and in all. But (term of contrast) when the king (basileus) came in (eiserchomai) to look over (theaomai) the dinner guests (anakeimai), he saw a man there who was not dressed (enduo) in wedding (gamos) clothes - Who (or what) does this undressed man represent? Most favor these "wedding crashers" (see party crashers - not totally accurate for a true party crasher was never invited) represent those who profess to be Jesus’ disciples but do not possess proper attire, for ALL their "righteous deeds are like a filthy garment." (Isa 64:6). In short, they are not clothed in robes of righteousness (cf Isa 61:10, Ge 3:21+, Gal 3:27), such approved attire being provided as a gift from God for all who are in Christ by grace through faith. John describes the proper attire for the wedding feast writing "It was given to her (THE BRIDE - THE CHURCH) to clothe herself in fine linen, bright and clean; for the fine linen is the righteous acts of the saints." (Rev 19:8+). Note that last phrase "fine linen is the righteous acts" which describes the acts of saints initiated and empowered by the Holy Spirit. Unconverted persons can produce absolutely no works that are righteous in the sight of God! (cf Jn 15:5+) Paul Apple on improper dress - [Traditional View:] Homer Kent: It represents the robe of imputed righteousness that God graciously provides to man through faith (Isa 61:10). [Alternate View:] Van Parunak: So the picture is the same as in Colossians: the white garments are the practical righteousness in the lives of believers, which is made possible by God’s gracious gift of free salvation. Putting these results together, the guest without a garment is a false professor in the church who is revealed by the lack of righteousness in his life. The parable thus repeats what the Lord taught about false prophets in the Sermon on the Mount (Mt 7:15-23)....The one thought of the parable, then, is this: “Accept God’s gracious invitation, lest while others enter into glory you be lost. But remember that membership in the visible church does not guarantee salvation. Complete renewal (including both justification and sanctification), the putting on of Christ, is what is necessary.” Matthew 22:12 and he *said to him, ‘Friend, how did you come in here without wedding clothes?’ And the man was speechless. KJV Matthew 22:12 And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless. BGT Matthew 22:12 καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· ἑταῖρε, πῶς εἰσῆλθες ὧδε μὴ ἔχων ἔνδυμα γάμου; ὁ δὲ ἐφιμώθη. NET Matthew 22:12 And he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes?' But he had nothing to say. CSB Matthew 22:12 So he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without wedding clothes? ' The man was speechless. ESV Matthew 22:12 And he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without a wedding garment?' And he was speechless. NIV Matthew 22:12 'Friend,' he asked, 'how did you get in here without wedding clothes?' The man was speechless. NLT Matthew 22:12 'Friend,' he asked, 'how is it that you are here without wedding clothes?' But the man had no reply. NRS Matthew 22:12 and he said to him, 'Friend, how did you get in here without a wedding robe?' And he was speechless. NJB Matthew 22:12 and said to him, "How did you get in here, my friend, without a wedding garment?" And the man was silent. NAB Matthew 22:12 He said to him, 'My friend, how is it that you came in here without a wedding garment?' But he was reduced to silence. YLT Matthew 22:12 and he saith to him, Comrade, how didst thou come in hither, not having clothing of the marriage-feast? and he was speechless. MIT Matthew 22:12 He said to him, "Fellow, how did you get in here not wearing wedding clothes?" But the man remained speechless. Friend: Mt 20:13 26:50 how: Mt 5:20 Ac 5:2-11 8:20-23 1Co 4:5 And he was: 1Sa 2:9 Job 5:16 Ps 107:42 Jer 2:23,26 Ro 3:19 Titus 3:11 and he *said (historical present tense) to him, ‘Friend (hetairos) - Friend sounds positive but is most often used with a sense of rebuke so that friend is more of a distancing way to address someone. How did you come in here without wedding clothes?’ And the man was speechless (phimoo - Lit - "he was silent") - The man was speechless because he knew he had no excuses. One is reminded of the somber scene of the Great White Throne judgment in Rev 20:11-15+ where "the great and the small, standing before the throne" are given their sentence and are speechless, having nothing to say regarding their judgment because they know they are guilty! The only acceptable wedding clothes are those obtained by faith in Christ and receipt of His imputed righteousness. 🙏 THOUGHT - How might we apply this to the church today? Are there some in the church who do not have the proper attire to give them admission to the wedding supper of the Lamb? I fear there are many in churches around America who know ABOUT Jesus and openly make that PROFESSION, but they do not truly KNOW Him personally by grace through faith (Eph 2:8-9+0 and tragically are living lives that have no supernatural fruit that shows they are genuine POSSESSORS of a personal relationship with Christ.
Mateus 22
Morris adds that "Jesus’ questioners had failed to realize that the life to come will be essentially different from this life. Where the doctrine of resurrection was held among the Jews it was usually envisaged as an indefinite prolongation of this life, though no doubt with modifications and improvements. ...Jesus rejects all this. Life in heaven will be significantly different from anything on earth. Human relationships are largely a matter of place and time: they are bound to be different when neither of these applies. (ED: HEAVEN IS A DIFFERENT PLACE AND TIME NO LONGER EXISTS AS WE KNOW IT!) (See Luke: An Introduction and Commentary - Page 308) Danny Akin - The world of resurrection, the world to come, is different than the world we live in. There is continuity to be sure. I will be I and you will be you, but we will exist and live for all of eternity in an entirely new dimension and reality. So, the billion dollar question, “will there be sex in heaven?” Here is what I think we can biblically and safely say: We will exist as glorified bodies in heaven. We will maintain our present and unique identity in heaven. There will be, in one sense, sex in heaven because sex identifies us as male and female in terms of gender. Whatever physical, sensual and sexual pleasure we enjoy in this life will be greatly transcended and magnified beyond our imagination in the life to come. (Mark 12:18-27 Will There Be Sex in Heaven?) Stevenson - The resurrection does not constitute a continuation of life as it is on earth. The old physical laws will no longer apply. And the old physical and social relationships will pale to insignificance in the presence of our relationship with the Lord. Darrell Bock adds that "Since marriage is no longer necessary in the resurrection, the dilemma posed by multiple husbands disappears. The question is an absurdity, not because resurrection is a problem, but because the Sadducean understanding of resurrection is grounded too much in life as it is now. The afterlife is a different and much greater kind of existence. In the next life God the Father is the “parent,” so other parental relationships are unnecessary." (Luke: 9:51-24:53 - Page 1624) NET NOTE - Angels do not die, nor do they eat according to Jewish tradition (1 En. 15:6; 51:4; Wis 5:5; 2 Bar. 51:10; 1QH 3.21–23). NET NOTE - TECHNICAL NOTE - Most witnesses have “of God” after “angels,” although some MSS read ἄγγελοι θεοῦ (angeloi theou; א L f13 {28} 33 892 1241 1424 al) while others have ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ (angeloi tou theou; W 0102 0161 𝔐). Whether with or without the article, the reading “of God” appears to be motivated as a natural expansion. A few important witnesses lack the adjunct (B D Θ {0233} f1 700 {sa}); this coupled with strong internal evidence argues for the shorter reading. QUESTION - Will there be marriage in heaven? WATCH VIDEO ANSWER - The Bible tells us, “At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven” (Matthew 22:30). This was Jesus’ answer in response to a question concerning a woman who had been married multiple times in her life —whom would she be married to in heaven (Matthew 22:23-28)? Evidently, there will be no such thing as marriage in heaven. This does not mean that a husband and wife will no longer know each other in heaven. This also does not mean that a husband and wife could not still have a close relationship in heaven. What it does seem to indicate, though, is that a husband and wife will no longer be married in heaven. Most likely, there will be no marriage in heaven simply because there will be no need for it. When God established marriage, He did so to fill certain needs. First, He saw that Adam was in need of a companion. “The LORD God said, ‘It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him’” (Genesis 2:18). Eve was the solution to the problem of Adam’s loneliness, as well as his need for a “helper,” someone to come alongside him as his companion and go through life by his side. In heaven, however, there will be no loneliness, nor will there be any need for helpers. We will be surrounded by multitudes of believers and angels (Revelation 7:9), and all our needs will be met, including the need for companionship. Second, God created marriage as a means of procreation and the filling of the earth with human beings. Heaven, however, will not be populated by procreation. Those who go to heaven will get there by faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; they will not be created there by means of reproduction. Therefore, there is no purpose for marriage in heaven since there is no procreation or loneliness. GotQuestions.org
Mateus 22
Morris: The restless attempts to trick Jesus into an answer that would discredit him either with the authorities or with the general public continued. His opponents never learned that they were on a futile quest. (See The Gospel According To Matthew) Broadus adds the lawyer was "Putting him to the test, with the hope that he would say something unpopular, or perhaps that he might be drawn into a bitter and wrangling discussion." POSB - The lawyer was not seeking the truth. He was not really trying to discover the way to God. His purpose was to trip Jesus, to lead Jesus to discredit Himself by giving some unusual answer that would arouse the people against Him. (BorrowCommentary The Preacher's Outline & Sermon Bible)
Mateus 22
Morris - With a single word ("Lord") Christ silenced the Pharisees, just as He had used a single word ("am") to refute the Sadducees (Matthew 22:32). Again this illustrates Christ's affirmation of verbal inspiration of Scripture and also His own claim to deity. Citing Psalm 110:1 (Matthew 22:44), written by David and acknowledged by the Jews to be prophetic of the coming Messiah, He pointed out that David had spoken of Him as "my LORD." Yet it was also acknowledged by all that the Messiah would be of the seed of David (2 Samuel 7:12-16). The only way such prophecies as these and others could be fulfilled was for God to become man. The Messiah must be God incarnate. Noting His frequent quoting of the Old Testament, it is clear that for the Lord Jesus Christ, the Scriptures were God's Word, having full and final authority. David Turner: The initial question in Matt. 22:43 seems to assume the humanity of the Messiah as David’s descendant. If the Messiah is the human descendant of David, how does David call him Lord in Ps. 110:1? The follow-up question in Matt. 22:45 puts it the opposite way: if the Messiah is David’s Lord, how can he be David’s descendant? In Matthew’s narrative Jesus’s humble Davidic roots (Mt 1:1, 16–17, 20; cf. Luke 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4, 11) are not the whole story. Jesus is also the miraculously born, divinely attested Son of God (Matt. 1:23; 3:17; 16:16; 17:5; 21:37; 22:2; 26:63–64). That Jesus is greater than David is already clear (Mt 12:1–4; cf. 12:6, 8, 41), but now Matthew explains why: the Messiah is the son of David and the Son of God. But the Pharisees will not accept a Messiah who, as David’s Lord, is greater than David. (See Matthew (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament) Geddert - Jesus’ argument depends on clearly separating between the two appearances of the word my in the verse he quotes. The first refers to David, the author, who speaks of my Lord. The second refers to God, whom David is quoting: Sit at my right hand. It also depends on clearly separating between two occurrences of the word Lord. The first refers to God (Yahweh). The second refers to the Messiah (the one who sits at God’s right hand). Jesus interprets the verse, The LORD [= Yahweh, God] says to my lord [= David’s lord, the Messiah], “Sit at my (God’s) right hand until I make your enemies your footstool.” (Ps. 110:1) The Messiah is thus David’s Lord, sitting at God’s right hand until God wins the victory over all the enemies of the Messiah. This much seems clear. But why does Mark include this incident? Is he denying that the Messiah is also David’s son? Probably not, for Son of David is an acceptable designation for the Messiah (cf. Mark 10:47–48). More likely he is critiquing the view that the Messiah is merely David’s son and not also David’s Lord. The Messiah far surpasses David’s greatness, reigning as king over an entirely different order (cf. Mark 14:61–62; 15:2, 18, 26, 32). In this text, Jesus is not directly claiming to be the Messiah. Deffinbaugh - Psalm 110 confronts the Israelite with a very perplexing problem, a problem which is central and foundational to the Israelite leaders’ rejection of Jesus as the Christ. The Psalm clearly teaches both the humanity of Messiah (a son of David) and His deity (David’s Lord). This was the fundamental problem which the leaders of Israel had with Jesus. If you could sum up the grievance of the Jewish leaders with Jesus, I believe it would be this: ALTHOUGH JESUS WAS MERELY A MAN (in the eyes of the Jews who rejected Him), HE HAD THE AUDACITY TO ACT LIKE GOD
Mateus 22
Morris: That finished the questioning session. The Pharisees, the Herodians, and the Sadducees had all tried to put questions to Jesus that would embarrass him and put him into disfavor with the people or the governing bodies or both, and while it could not be said that he had failed to answer, it could be said that he had produced answers that left him unscathed and caused the people to marvel at him. He was more admired when they finished than when they started on this exercise. So it is no surprise that, finding they could not answer the question he had put to them, none of them dared any more to question him. This was a game in which they thought they held all the advantages (how could a layman from rural Galilee compete with the professionals who had been through the schools in Jerusalem?). But in the end they had been defeated. (See The Gospel According To Matthew) SUMMARY OF THE CONFRONTATIONS Passage Group Involved Question or Challenge Jesus' Response Result Matthew 22:15–22 Pharisees & Herodians “Is it lawful to pay the poll-tax to Caesar or not?” “Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.” They were amazed and left Him (Mt 22:22) Matthew 22:23–33 Sadducees “In the resurrection, whose wife will she be?” (hypothetical marriage case) “You are mistaken, not understanding the Scriptures nor the power of God... God is not the God of the dead.” The crowd was astonished (Mt 22:33); Sadducees were silenced Matthew 22:34–40 A Pharisaic Lawyer “Teacher, which is the great commandment in the Law?” “Love the Lord your God... and love your neighbor... On these two depend the whole Law and the Prophets.” The lawyer was impressed (cf. Mark 12:32–34) Matthew 22:41–45 Jesus Asks the Pharisees “Whose son is the Christ? If David calls Him ‘Lord,’ how is He his son?” Quotes Psalm 110:1, showing the Messiah is more than David’s son — He is David’s Lord They were unable to answer (Mt 22:46) Matthew 22:46 All groups — — No one dared ask Him another question.