Lucas 19
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 19
Morris - It may be objected that there was no point in giving one pound to a man who already had ten and also authority over ten cities. But there is a principle involved. The smallest gift must be put to good use. In the Christian life we do not stand still. We use our gifts and make progress or we lose what we have." (Borrow The Gospel According to St. Luke: An Introduction and Commentary)
Lucas 19
Morris - Zacchaeus was very rich and powerful, and not many such as these are ever saved (Luke 18:24; 1 Corinthians 1:26). Yet this man showed his humility and his desire to know Christ (Luke 19:4), and the Lord saw a repentant, believing heart and recognized him, desiring to "sup with him" (Revelation 3:20) (Borrow The Defender's Study Bible)
Lucas 19
Morris adds "Considering the way he had made his money it was unlikely that this would be a short list. Notice that he uses the present tense in his verbs. He is so firm in his resolve that he says he is about his giving already, NEB’s ‘I am ready to repay’ misses this." (Borrow The Gospel According to St. Luke: An Introduction and Commentary) What the Bible teaches - adds that "A. T.
Lucas 19
Morris - He described his master as a severe man, using the adjective austēros whose meaning is ‘ “strict, exacting,” a man who expects to get blood out of a stone’ (MM) The slave goes on to describe why he feels he is an exacting (hard) man and ascribes evil actions to the master! You take up what you did not lay down and reap what you did not sow - What is the different slave accusing the master of with this statement? The NLT paraphrases it "taking what isn't yours and harvesting crops you didn't plant." In effect he is accusing the master of being a thief, of harvesting crops he did not plant!" Woe! Now if we remember that the nobleman is Jesus, one wonders how a slave who is a believer could possibly make such an accusation against Him. The reader knows this is incorrect, because of his generosity in Luke 19:17, 19. J C Ryle on I feared thee … austere man - The heart of the unconverted man is figured in a very striking manner in this expression. Like Adam and Eve, when they had eaten the forbidden fruit, he is afraid of his Master in heaven, and does not love Him (ED: IN CONTEXT THEY HAVE JUST SINNED AND THUS AT THIS TIME IN THE STORY, THEY ARE DEAD IN THEIR TRESPASSES AND SINS). Like the murmuring Israelites in the wilderness, he finds fault with God’s appointments and dealings, and charges Him with hardness and injustice. Hard thoughts of God are a common mark of all unconverted people. They first misrepresent Him, and then try to excuse themselves for not loving and serving Him. Luke 19:22 "He said to him, 'By your own words I will judge you, you worthless slave. Did you know that I am an exacting man, taking up what I did not lay down and reaping what I did not sow? NET Luke 19:22 The king said to him, 'I will judge you by your own words, you wicked slave! So you knew, did you, that I was a severe man, withdrawing what I didn't deposit and reaping what I didn't sow? CSB Luke 19:22 "He told him, 'I will judge you by what you have said, you evil slave! If you knew I was a tough man, collecting what I didn't deposit and reaping what I didn't sow, ESV Luke 19:22 He said to him, 'I will condemn you with your own words, you wicked servant! You knew that I was a severe man, taking what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow? NIV Luke 19:22 "His master replied, 'I will judge you by your own words, you wicked servant! You knew, did you, that I am a hard man, taking out what I did not put in, and reaping what I did not sow? NLT Luke 19:22 " 'You wicked servant!' the king roared. 'Your own words condemn you. If you knew that I'm a hard man who takes what isn't mine and harvests crops I didn't plant, NRS Luke 19:22 He said to him, 'I will judge you by your own words, you wicked slave! You knew, did you, that I was a harsh man, taking what I did not deposit and reaping what I did not sow? YLT Luke 19:22 'And he saith to him, Out of thy mouth I will judge thee, evil servant: thou knewest that I am an austere man, taking up what I did not lay down, and reaping what I did not sow! By your own words I will judge you, you worthless slave: 2Sa 1:16 Job 15:5,6 Mt 12:37 22:12 Ro 3:19 Did you know that I am an exacting man: Mt 25:26,27 Luke 19 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 19:11-27 Investing in the Kingdom - Ray Pritchard Luke 19:11-27 Doing Business for Jesus - Steven Cole Luke 19:11-27 Fitting Rewards from the Returning King - John MacArthur CONDEMNED BY YOUR OWN WORDS He said to him, 'By your own words I will judge (krino) you, you worthless (poneros - wicked) slave - Basically He means if you thought I was a hard man, well then, I’ll treat you that way! The words of the wicked slave come back on his head as his own condemnation. This statement by the nobleman depicting Jesus' words hardly seem to be the way that Jesus would address one of His own. The word "worthless" is particularly notable. Given the meaning of the Greek word (see poneros below), the NAS translation as "worthless" is clearly a poor choice of words. Other translations are more accurate - NET, ESV, NLT, CSB, NIV all have "wicked slave." It is difficult to imagine Jesus calling one of His Own "wicked!" Earlier Luke used poneros earlier in describing a worthless person Jesus declaring “The good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings forth what is good; and the evil man out of the evil treasure brings forth what is evil; for his mouth speaks from that which fills his heart." (Lk 6:45+) This would be an apt description for this worthless slave! Stein - The nobleman judged the wicked servant on the basis of his own presuppositions. If his presuppositions about the nobleman’s character are false and the hearers/readers of the parable know that they are, he is even more condemned. The term “judge” (krinō) can mean to judge, but here, since the servant would be judged unfavorably, it means to condemn. In summary, this parable of the minas... Teaches equal opportunity for believers but not equal results. Teaches that there will be rewards for faithful use of the opportunity/privilege each believer has been afforded. (Remember the old saying "opportunity only knocks once!") Teaches that failure to use what we have been given will result in us losing what we have been given. If you are reading this note and you have yet to use the spiritual time, treasure and talents (and spiritual gift or gifts) that God has granted you, then your reward at the Bema seat will be proportional! Please do not waste your life with passing worldly pleasures and trinkets, because in some way I cannot fully grasp, your time in eternity (forever) will be less that it could have been (forever)! Judge (decide, determine, condemn)(2919)(krino) primarily signifies to distinguish, to decide between (in the sense of considering two or more things and reaching a decision), to separate, to distinguish between good and evil, right and wrong. The basic meaning of krino is to form an opinion after separating and considering the particulars in the case. Krino means to evaluate and determine what is right, proper, and expedient for correction. Luke's uses of krino - Lk. 6:37; Lk. 7:43; Lk. 12:57; Lk. 19:22; Lk. 22:30; Acts 3:13+; Acts 4:19; Acts 7:7; Acts 13:27; Acts 13:46; Acts 15:19; Acts 16:4; Acts 16:15; Acts 17:31; Acts 20:16; Acts 21:25; Acts 23:3; Acts 23:6; Acts 24:6; Acts 24:21; Acts 25:9; Acts 25:10; Acts 25:20; Acts 25:25; Acts 26:6; Acts 26:8; Acts 27:1; Worthless (evil, wicked, bad) (4190)(poneros from poneo = work or toil,
Lucas 19
Morris - Even the inanimate creation is under God's control for He made it, and the opposition of mere men to the fulfillment of prophecy is no impediment to the Creator and Sustainer of all things. When God created Adam, He breathed life into the dust of the ground; He could do the same for stones if need be. (Borrow The Defender's Study Bible) W A Criswell - If men will not recognize the significance of this day, the rocks will find a voice to praise Jesus (Hab. 2:11). (Believer's Study Bible) Matthew
Lucas 19
Morris adds this comment on Ps 118:24 - This particular "day" was acknowledged as such by Christ when He wept over Jerusalem after its leaders had rejected Him. "If thou hadst known," He lamented, "at least in this thy day, the things which belong unto thy peace!" (Luke 19:42).") (Enduring Word Bible Commentary – Luke 19) As Adrian Rogers commenting on Lk 19:42 said "Jesus came on time; He died on time; He was buried on time; He rose on time; and He is coming on time. You can just bank on it." And most of the nation totally missed it! So where is this day prophesied in the book of Daniel? This great prophecy is given to godly Daniel as an answer to his great prayer in Daniel 9:3-18, 19. While there is debate over the interpretation of this great prophecy, this debate stems largely from the fact that many interpreters refuse to accept Daniel's words literally, but instead choose to spiritualize, allegorize or in some other way obscure the plain, normative sense one gleans from a literal reading of the text. That said, here is the great prophecy, in my estimation one of the greatest in the entire Old Testament... Seventy weeks (70 seven's = 490) have been decreed for your people and your holy city, to finish the transgression, to make an end of sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy place. 25 “So you are to know and discern that from the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until Messiah (Lxx = Christos) the Prince there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks (483); it will be built again, with plaza and moat, even in times of distress. 26 “Then after the sixty-two weeks (62 weeks + 7 weeks = 483) the Messiah will be cut off (karath = violent death) and have nothing, and the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. And its end will come with a flood; even to the end there will be war; desolations are determined. 27 “And he will make a firm covenant with the many for one week (7), but in the middle of the week he will put a stop to sacrifice and grain offering; and on the wing of abominations will come one who makes desolate, even until a complete destruction, one that is decreed, is poured out on the one who makes desolate.” (ED: IT IS TO THIS PROPHECY TO WHICH JESUS REFERS IN Mt 24:15see commentary WHICH SETS IN MOTION THE LAST 3.5 YEARS HE CALLED THE GREAT TRIBULATION, JEREMIAH CALLED "THE TIME OF JACOB'S DISTRESS" in Jer 30:7+ AND DANIEL CALLED "A TIME OF DISTRESS" in Da 12:1+) (Daniel 9:24-27+) Notice that Daniel 9:25+ says virtually the same thing twice - (1) You are to know and (2) discern which is somewhat synonymous with "know" but expresses the idea of knowing the reason for something by looking at it or giving attention to it. In the Greek Septuagint the Hebrew word for discern is translated with the Greek verb suniemi which entails the assembling of individual facts into an organized whole, as collecting the pieces of a puzzle and putting them together. To be sure Daniel's prophecy is somewhat like a puzzle, but puzzles are meant to be put together. Putting together the pieces of this prophecy does require one to do some work, but God is in the business of revelation not in hiding His ways from His people. And so His people, the Jews could have known down to the very day when their Messiah was coming. Even if they could not discern the exact day they could have determined the general time and that knowledge combined with the fulfillment of Zechariah 9:9 should have "nailed" this one down. They could have and should have recognized the very day of Messiah's visitation. So let's briefly summarize Daniel's prophecy (see chart below and also the in depth commentary on Daniel 9:25 for more detail) - First note that weeks is a term meaning "sevens" so Seventy Weeks equals 490 and almost every commentary agrees the unit is years. So the prophecy is about events that occur in 490 years. The starting point is the issuing of a decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem which conservative scholars agree was Artaxerxes' decree in Nehemiah 2:1-8. Then after 62 sevens plus 7 sevens or 483 years Messiah the Prince would enter Jerusalem and allow the Jews for the first time to proclaim Him as their King, the so-called "Triumphal Entry." Then after the 483 years Messiah would be cut off which refers to His crucifixion. Sir Robert Anderson (The Coming Prince), former head of the Scotland Yard, wrote a book called The Coming Prince in which he gave detailed calculations that place the endpoint of the 483 years precisely on the "this day" which Jesus said the Jews could have and should have known! As testimony to the fact that the Jews should have known THIS DAY it is notable that over the centuries that have passed since Daniel's prophecy of the 70 Weeks, the Holy Spirit has used the truth of this incredible prophecy to say other Jews such as Leopold Cohn when went on to found a local mission to Jewish people which eventually gave rise to the .Chosen People Ministries (See Daniel 9:24-27 and Conversion of Leopold Cohn). Over 50 years later a man named Moishe Rosen left that ministry to form what eventually became Jews for Jesus. This one passage, Daniel 9:24-27, radically changed an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and led to the birthing of ministries that have touched literally thousands of Jewish and Gentile lives around the world! Here is a quote from the Chosen People ministry It was during these years of rabbinic study that certain portions of Scripture leapt off the page to Rabbi Leopold, especially the passages in the book of Daniel that describe the timeline of Messiah’s coming. According to Daniel’s timeline, the Messiah should have already come two thousand years ago! Cohn asked himself, “Is it possible that the time which God had fixed for the appearance of our Messiah had passed away without the promise of our true and Living God being fulfilled?” Cohn was perplexed…if Daniel was correct, then the rabbis of the Talmud were wrong. Rabbi Cohn decided to dig deeper, but after much searching, he could find no satisfactory answers for his troubled soul. One rabbi in a distant town advised him to go to America where people knew more about the Messiah, so Cohn immediately made his preparations to leave for the United States. (ED: And as the saying goes, the rest of the story is history or better yet "His-story" for every new creation in Christ is God's Story of redemption. Won't heaven be a joy as we will likely hear of all the manifold ways God's Story played out in the lives of millions of souls bringing them to a saving knowledge of the Messiah! Glory!) Thomas Ice - The fulfillment of the seven and sixty-two weeks is recorded in Luke 19:41-42, 44....A further value of the literal approach of Dr. Hoehner is that this prophecy provides an exact time in which Israel's Messiah was predicted to show up in history. "And when He approached, He saw the city and wept over it, saying, 'If you had known in this day, even you, the things which make for peace! But now they have been hidden from your eyes. . . . because you did not recognize the time of your visitation'" (Luke 19:41-42, 44). How was Israel to have known the time of their visitation? From a literal understanding of Daniel's prophecy. In fact, this prophecy, along with Christ's fulfillment of every other first coming Messianic prophecy proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that Jesus was Israel's Messiah.[90] Many Jews have come to faith, over the years, as a result of being challenged by this prediction about the time of Messiah's coming. It is clear that a literal interpretation of this passage is demanded by the text itself. (The Seventy Weeks of Daniel) Reginald Showers of the Friends of Israel Gospel Ministry writes that Daniel 9:24-27 is "one of the most significant prophecies in all the Old Testament Scriptures" and is also "one of the strongest biblical evidences to the effect that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah....What significant thing happened to Jesus, the Messiah, on April 6, 32 AD? When referring to the end of the first 483 years, Gabriel said: “until Messiah the Prince.” Whatever happened to Jesus on April 6, 32 AD, it must have been related significantly to His being the Prince, the King of Israel. Sir Robert Anderson (The Coming Prince) concluded that April 6, 32 AD, was the day on which Jesus officially presented Himself as Messiah to Israel through His triumphal entry into Jerusalem on the foal of a donkey. Zechariah 9:9 had declared that Israel could identify its King in the following manner: He would come to Jerusalem mounted on the foal of a donkey. Some of the crowd on that Palm Sunday recognized the significance of Jesus’ actions on that day, for they called Him King (Lk. 19:37-38). As Jesus approached Jerusalem on that day, He wept over the city and said: “If you had known in this day, even you, the things which make for peace! But now they have been hidden from your eyes.” He warned Jerusalem that it would suffer great disaster “because you did not recognize the time of your visitation” (Lk. 19:41-44). Jesus’ language indicated that that particular day had been marked out by God as the time of Jerusalem’s visitation by her Messiah Prince-the day which could have brought lasting peace to that city if its people had accepted Jesus for who He was. It also indicated that the Jews should have recognized that that particular day (April 6, 32 AD) was the day on which Messiah would visit Jerusalem as Prince. Why should they have recognized this? Because several centuries earlier in Daniel 9:25, God had revealed the exact time" (The Most High God: Commentary on the book of Daniel) Even you - It is fascinating that all the pronouns in this passage are not plural (as one might expect) but singular, as if He is addressing the personified city of Jerusalem as representative of the entire Jewish nation. The things which make for peace - What irony -- Jerusalem "City of Peace" had no clue as what made for true peace, most importantly peace with God! The Hebrew concept of Shalom emphasized peace or right relationship between creature and Creation! Without this man can experience no true peace. Here is my simple formula for genuine peace = Know God. Know peace! No God. No peace! So Jesus is not referring to political peace! Ultimately it is not what things but Who makes for peace. Messiah was the prophesied Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6+) Who would have indeed brought in the Messianic Kingdom of peace for the Jews and the holy city of Jerusalem just as had been prophesied (cf Isaiah 32:18, 60:18, Micah 4:3NASB+, Micah 4:4NLT+; Zechariah 14:11+). But - This term of contrast introduces the tragic contrast of what could have been (peace) with the consequences of rejecting truth. Oh, may we all be careful to never reject any word of God's Word of Truth! Now - This is but a single word, but it is an expression of time which functions in this context like a "curtain" dropping to announce the final scene in a play! It announces the beginning of a time of judicial spiritual blindness for the nation of Israel and Jews in general (2 Cor 3:14+, cf 2 Cor 4:3,4+, cf Isaiah 6:10+). But praise God, He always preserved a remnant of believing Jews and there is evidence that globally their numbers are increasing in our day (March, 2018). One day every Jewish eye (as well as every Gentile eye) will behold the Messiah (Revelation 1:7+), but even then only one-third of the Jews will recognize Him, repent of their sins and receive the Messiah as their long awaited Redeemer (see Zechariah 12:10-14+, Zechariah 13:1+, Zechariah 13:8-9+, cf Romans 11:26-29+). They have been hidden (krupto - divine passive) from your eyes - This has to be one of most tragic passages in all Scripture. Here we see that since they did not recognize Messiah, God blinds their eyes that they cannot recognize Messiah. This is divine judicial blindness. They would now be concealed from the Jews. What things? The things which make for peace...the Prince of Peace Himself...thus we must constantly intercede for the peace of Jerusalem (Ps 122:6) knowing some day a Deliverer will come out of Zion and then all Israel will be saved (Romans 11:26-29+). So pray, pray, pray. Hidden (krupto - divine passive) from your eyes is the antithesis of Paul's prayer in Ephesians 1:18-19 "I pray that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened, so that you will know what is the hope of His calling, what are the riches of the glory of His inheritance in the saints, and what is the surpassing greatness of His power toward us who believe." Note the key phrase "us who believe." Keep the context in mind. When is Jesus making this pronouncement? The irony is that He is making this judicial declaration at the very time the nation of Israel is seemingly receiving Him as their Messiah and their King! Of course as the story goes, we know the cries for coronation soon turned to cries for crucifixion. The fact is they not truly receive Jesus as Messiah and King, for He did not fulfill their expectations of a King who would conquer Rome. He conquered far greater enemies - sin, death satan! And so instead of the eyes of their heart being enlightened to true freedom found only in Christ, the eyes (of their heart/mind) were judicially blinded as God dropped a veil over their spiritual vision, which will only be fully removed when Messiah makes His "second (and absolute) triumphal entry" at His Second Coming (described in Zechariah 9:10), for then God promises (also through the prophet Zechariah wherein ironically we saw the prophetic promise of His First Triumphal entry in Zechariah 9:9) "I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me (THEIR EYES NOW SPIRITUALLY ENLIGHTENED) Whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn (NOTE THE IRONY - JESUS WEEPS AT HIS FIRST TRIUMPHAL ENTRY. ISRAEL WEEPS AT HIS SECOND AND TRUE TRIUMPHAL ENTRY!)." (Zechariah 12:10+). Until that time as Paul explains "just as it is written, "GOD GAVE THEM A SPIRIT OF STUPOR, EYES TO SEE NOT AND EARS TO HEAR NOT, DOWN TO THIS VERY DAY." And David says, "LET THEIR TABLE BECOME A SNARE AND A TRAP, AND A STUMBLING BLOCK AND A RETRIBUTION TO THEM.10 "LET THEIR EYES BE DARKENED TO SEE NOT, AND BEND THEIR BACKS FOREVER." (Romans 11:8-11+). Paul also alludes to this hiding in his second letter to the Corinthians writing "But if the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, fading as it was, 8how will the ministry of the Spirit fail to be even more with glory? 9 For if the ministry of condemnation has glory, much more does the ministry of righteousness abound in glory. 10 For indeed what had glory, in this case has no glory because of the glory that surpasses it. 11 For if that which fades away was with glory, much more that which remains is in glory. 12 Therefore having such a hope, we use great boldness in our speech, 13 and are not like Moses, who used to put a veil over his face so that the sons of Israel would not look intently at the end of what was fading away. 14 But their minds were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed in Christ. 15 But to this day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their heart; 16 but whenever a person turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away. 17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. (2Cor 3:7-15+) Have been hidden (2928)(krupto - English = crypt, cryptic) is a verb meaning to cover, to hide, to conceal, to keep secret (either protectively or for selfish reasons). To keep something from being seen. In some contexts krupto means to hide so as to keep secret as in this passage (Lk 19:42) and in Lk 18:34+ (But the disciples understood none of these things, and the meaning of this statement was hidden from them, and they did not comprehend the things that were said.) Notice that this verb krupto is passive voice, reflecting judicial "hiding" (divine passive). C H