João 13
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
João 13
Morris - Peter is reluctant to let Jesus do what he wants. He prefers to dictate the terms. There is also a misunderstanding of the meaning of the action. It is not a way of cleansing the disciples, but a symbol of that cleansing. It is not the area of skin that is washed that matters but the acceptance of Jesus’ lowly service. (BORROW The Gospel according to John PAGE 618) Lord (master, owner)(2962) kurios/kyrios from kuros = might or power, related to kuroo = to give authority) primarily means one who has absolute ownership, unequaled sovereign power and absolute authority. Kurios is used of the one to whom a person or thing belonged, over which he has the power of deciding, the one who is the master or disposer of a thing (Mk 7:28) In classical Greek, used of gods, inscriptions applied to different gods, Hermes, Zeus, etc.; also of the head of the family, who is lord of wife and children 1Sa1:8 See in depth 10 page discussion of kyrios in The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT) Kurios/kyrios in John's Gospel - Jn. 1:23; Jn. 4:1; Jn. 4:11; Jn. 4:15; Jn. 4:19; Jn. 4:49; Jn. 5:4; Jn. 5:7; Jn. 6:23; Jn. 6:34; Jn. 6:68; Jn. 8:11; Jn. 9:36; Jn. 9:38; Jn. 11:2; Jn. 11:3; Jn. 11:12; Jn. 11:21; Jn. 11:27; Jn. 11:32; Jn. 11:34; Jn. 11:39; Jn. 12:13; Jn. 12:21; Jn. 12:38; Jn. 13:6; Jn. 13:9; Jn. 13:13; Jn. 13:14; Jn. 13:16; Jn. 13:25; Jn. 13:36; Jn. 13:37; Jn. 14:5; Jn. 14:8; Jn. 14:22; Jn. 15:15; Jn. 15:20; Jn. 20:2; Jn. 20:13; Jn. 20:15; Jn. 20:18; Jn. 20:20; Jn. 20:25; Jn. 20:28; Jn. 21:7; Jn. 21:12; Jn. 21:15; Jn. 21:16; Jn. 21:17; Jn. 21:20; Jn. 21:21; John 13:10 Jesus said to him, "He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean; and you are clean, but not all of you." John 13:10 CLICK HERE TO READ IN OVER 60 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS He: Lev 16:26,28 17:15,16 Nu 19:7,8,12,13,19-21 Heb 9:10 needs: Ec 7:20 Mt 6:12 Ro 7:20-23 2Co 7:1 Eph 4:22-24 Eph 5:26-27 1Th 5:23 Jas 3:2 1Jn 1:7-10 but: Song 4:7 Jer 50:20 2Co 5:17,21 you are clean: Jn 15:3 Related Passage: Isaiah 1:16 (THREE COMMANDS) “Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean; Remove the evil of your deeds from My sight. Cease to do evil, Ephesians 4:22-24 that, in reference to your former manner of life, you lay aside the old self, which is being corrupted in accordance with the lusts of deceit, 23 and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 24 and put on the new self, which in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of the truth. Ephesians 5:26-27 so that He might sanctify her, having cleansed her by the washing of water with the word, 27 that He might present to Himself the church in all her glory, having no spot or wrinkle or any such thing; but that she would be holy and blameless. 1 John 1:6-10 If we say that we have fellowship with Him and yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth; 7 but if we walk in the Light as He Himself is in the Light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin. 8 If we say that we have no sin, we are deceiving ourselves and the truth is not in us. 9 If (THIRD CLASS CONDITION) we confess (PRESENT TENSE = CALLS FOR THIS TO BE OUR CONTINUAL PRACTICE) our sins, He is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse (katharizo) us from all unrighteousness. 10 If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar and His word is not in us. THOUGHT- DAILY CONFESSION OF OUR SINS IS LIKE "WASHING OUR DIRTY FEET!" AND CONFESSION (PRESENT TENSE) IS PROBABLY SOMETHING WE ALL NEED TO DO EVERY DAY BECAUSE OUR FEET GET DIRTY AS WE WALK IN THE WORLD! WHEN YOUR HEAD HITS THE PILLOW, DO YOU DO A QUICK INVENTORY AND CONFESS THE DIRT THAT GOT ON YOUR FEET DURING THE DAY? I WILL ADMIT I DO NOT ROUTINELY DO THIS! WRITING THIS NOTE HOPEFULLY WILL MAKE IT A PRACTICE (UNDER GRACE, NOT AS SOMETHING LEGALISTIC OR RITUALISTIC!) 1 Thessalonians 5:23 Now may the God of peace Himself sanctify you entirely; and may your spirit and soul and body be preserved complete, without blame at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. John 15:3 “You are already clean (katharos) because of the word which I have spoken to you. JESUS CLARIFIES PETER'S CONFUSION OVER CLEANLINESS Jesus said to him, "He who has bathed (louo) needs only to wash (nipto) his feet (pous) - In John 13:10 the Lord Jesus referred to the customary ritual bath which preceded the Passover meal. Bathed (louo) refers to bathing the entire body as distinguished from wash (nipto) which refers to washing a part of the body. Bathed (louo) is in the perfect tense which indicates a past action with continuing result or effect and thus emphasizes the state and character of one who has been bathed. Unlike human baths, this spiritual bath does not need to be repeated. As the writer of Hebrews says "we have been sanctified perfect tense (PARALLELS BATHED - ONCE FOR ALL TIME) through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all." (Heb 10:10) Eleven disciples were spiritually forever clean (katharos). Bob
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Morris - “Peter is humble enough to see the incongruity of Christ’s action, yet proud enough to dictate to his Master” (MacGregor)....A literal washing of the feet is not necessary before one can be a Christian. The words point us to a washing free from sin that only Christ can give. Apart from this washing no one can be Christ’s. (BORROW The Gospel according to John : the English text with introduction, exposition and notes, PAGE 616)
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Morris - Two different Greek words are used for "wash" in this verse, indicating a typological as well as practical teaching. The first "washed" means "bathed all over," as in the "washing of regeneration" (Titus 3:5) or the "washing of water by the word" (Ephesians 5:26). The second "wash" refers to a partial "cleansing" of only that part which needs it (the face, hands, feet, etc.). Thus, regeneration occurs once only but is followed by daily confession and cleansing (1 John 1:7,9). In addition to the feet walking daily in a sinful world, the head and hands also may need daily cleansing; the head (or mind) needs to be "renewed" (Romans 12:2), and the hands prepared for service. But is completely (holos) clean (katharos) and you (plural, 11 of you) are clean (katharos), but not all of you - They would learn later what He means that they were completely clean. Jesus declared His disciples clean (katharos), except for Judas who would soon be filled with the unclean spirit, the devil (Jn 13:27). One can only imagine the thoughts that went through Judas' mind when he heard the "but" which he knew referred to himself, although he would not have fully understand that unclean had reference to his eternal destiny. He would soon find out (Mt 27:5+) before the 11 understood the significance. His uncleanness was in striking contrast to the cleanness of the other 11 disciples. The other 11 were undoubtedly "clueless" about the contrast Jesus presented - but not all of you. Zodhiates says that "The lesson in John 13:9, 10 symbolizes justification as the bathing of the whole body (louo), while sanctification is the constant need of nipto, washing individual parts of the body." (Borrow The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament) John MacArthur on He who has bathed needs only to wash his feet, but is completely clean - But the Lord’s words also mean that only those cleansed by Him have a relationship to Him. Washing is a common biblical metaphor for spiritual cleansing (cf. Num. 19:17–19; Ps. 51:2; Isa. 4:4; Ezek. 36:24–27; Zech. 13:1; Acts 22:16; 1 Cor. 6:11; Eph. 5:26; Titus 3:5; Heb. 10:22), and only those who place their faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and confess their sins are cleansed by Him (John 15:3; 1 John 1:7–9) and are united to Him in eternal life.....Similarly the complete cleansing of the redeemed at salvation never needs to be repeated. God has graciously justified and imputed Christ’s righteousness to believers (2 Cor. 5:21; Phil. 3:8–9), and His atoning death provides complete forgiveness of all their sins (Col. 2:13; Titus 2:14; 1 John 1:7, 9). But they still need the daily cleansing for sanctification from the defilement of the sin that remains in them (Phil. 2:12; 3:12–14). (SEE John Commentary - Page 67) NET Note - the one who has bathed needs only to wash his feet. A common understanding is that the "bath" Jesus referred to is the initial cleansing from sin, which necessitates only "lesser, partial" cleansings from sins after conversion. This makes a fine illustration from a homiletic standpoint, but is it the meaning of the passage? This seems highly doubtful. Jesus stated that the disciples were completely clean except for Judas (vv. 10b, 11 ). What they needed was to have their feet washed by Jesus. In the broader context of the Fourth Gospel, the significance of the foot-washing seems to point not just to an example of humble service (as most understand it), but something more - Jesus' self-sacrificial death on the cross. If this is correct, then the foot-washing which they needed to undergo represented their acceptance of this act of self-sacrifice on the part of their master. This makes Peter's initial abhorrence of the act of humiliation by his master all the more significant in context; it also explains Jesus' seemingly harsh reply to Peter (above, v. 8 ; compare Matt 16:21–23 where Jesus says to Peter, "Get behind me, Satan"). Jon Courson - Unconfessed sin in any area provides the bricks with which the enemy builds a “stronghold” (2 Corinthians 10:4) from which he manipulates you over and over again in that area until that particular sin becomes an addiction, a habit, a part of your life to be used at will by him. “How did I get here?” we ask. “How did I get so entangled? How did I get caught up in this attitude or that sin?” The answer can be found at the point where we began to say, “I don’t need to confess”—for it is then that the Enemy starts building his stronghold. “If you don’t let Me wash your feet, I have no part with you,” Jesus said. “You don’t need to be baptized again. You don’t need to be saved again. You don’t need a bath, Peter. You just need your feet washed.” And so do we. (See Jon Courson's Application Commentary) John
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Morris - see page 612) If we are going to wash one another’s feet, we should be careful of the temperature of the water. Sometimes we try to wash someone with our water too hot—we are too fervent and zealous. Sometimes our water is too cold—we are cold and distant in heart to them. The temperature needs to be in the middle. We should also remember that we can’t dry-clean someone else’s feet. Jesus washed us with the washing of water by the word (Ephesians 5:26), we should use the same “water” in ministering to others. Ought (3784) opheilo from ophéllo = heap up) means to owe something to someone. Literally it speaks of financial indebtedness and thus means to owe money, to be in debt, or to describe that which is due (Mt 18:28, Lk 7:41, 16:5, 7, Philemon 1:18). The verb opheilo was sometimes used to describe "the debt" itself. Figuratively, opheilo describes a sense of indebtedness to someone for something. For example, it was used to describe owing good will (1Co 7:3), love (Ro 13:8 = we can never love enough and will always "owe" this debt). Opheilo in most of the NT uses conveys the sense of necessity, duty or to be under obligation (obligation = moral requirement which conveys the binding force of civility, kindness or gratitude, when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by law). The idea is that one is held or bound by duty, moral obligation or necessity to do something. Note that opheilo speaks of a moral obligation as contrasted to a necessity in the nature of the case as is dei [word study]. Opheilo - 34v - Matt. 18:28; Matt. 18:30; Matt. 18:34; Matt. 23:16; Matt. 23:18; Lk. 7:41; Lk. 11:4; Lk. 16:5; Lk. 16:7; Lk. 17:10; Jn. 13:14; Jn. 19:7; Acts 17:29; Rom. 13:8; Rom. 15:1; Rom. 15:27; 1 Co. 5:10; 1 Co. 7:36; 1 Co. 9:10; 1 Co. 11:7; 1 Co. 11:10; 2 Co. 12:11; 2 Co. 12:14; Eph. 5:28; 2 Thess. 1:3; 2 Thess. 2:13; Phlm. 1:18; Heb. 2:17; Heb. 5:3; Heb. 5:12; 1 Jn. 2:6; 1 Jn. 3:16; 1 Jn. 4:11; 3 Jn. 1:8 Teacher (1320) didaskalos from didasko = teach to shape will of one being taught by content of what is taught <> cp didaskalía) is one who provides instruction or systematically imparts truth. The teacher teaches in such a way as to shape will of one being taught by content of what is taught. Didaskalos is the usual translation of the Hebrew word Rabbi (see Jn 1:38, cp the Aramaic word for teacher = Rabboni in Jn 20:16), a term which in Jesus' day described those who were acknowledged as authorities on the Old Testament and were teachers of divine truth. Someone has said that "The great teacher is the one who turns our ears into eyes so that we can see the truth." Henry Brooks added that "A (Bible) teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops." QUESTION -What does the Bible say about foot-washing? | GotQuestions.org ANSWER - In Bible times, the dusty and dirty conditions of the region and the wearing of sandals necessitated foot-washing. Although the disciples most likely would have been happy to wash Jesus’ feet, they could not conceive of washing each other’s feet. This was because in the society of the time, foot-washing was reserved for the lowliest of menial servants. Peers did not wash one another’s feet, except very rarely and as a mark of great love. Luke points out (22:24) that the disciples were arguing about who was the greatest among them, an attitude that precludes a willingness to stoop to wash feet. When Jesus moved to wash their feet (see also John 13:1-16), they were shocked. His actions serve also as symbolic of spiritual cleansing (vs. 6-9) and a model of Christian humility (vs. 12-17). By washing His disciples’ feet, Jesus taught the lesson of selfless service that was supremely exemplified by His death on the cross. The foot-washing was an example, a pattern. Many groups throughout church history have practiced literal foot-washing as a church ordinance. However, present culture in many lands does not call for washing dust from the feet of one’s guests. Although the Lord’s Supper was practiced, the early church apparently did not practice foot-washing as an ordinance in church gatherings. This passage emphasizes inner humility, not a physical rite. A Christian widow’s practice of "washing the feet of the saints" (1 Timothy 5:10) speaks not of her involvement in a church ordinance but of her humble, slave-like service to other believers. To refuse to follow the example of Jesus is to exalt oneself above Him and to live in pride. “No servant is greater than his master” (John 13:16). D A Carson adds that "Wise theologians and expositors have always been reluctant to raise to the level of universal rite something that appears only once in Scripture. Second, and perhaps more importantly, the heart of Jesus’ command is a humility and helpfulness toward brothers and sisters in Christ that may be cruelly parodied by a mere ‘rite’ of footwashing that easily masks an unbroken spirit and a haughty heart.” (BORROW The Gospel according to John PAGE 462). John 13:14 An Influencing Example - Albert Einstein once remarked, "Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means." In washing the disciples' feet, Jesus shocked His followers. This was not the beginning of the first valet school; Jesus was not some water-basin wonder. With a towel around His waist, Jesus washed soiled feet, but He was more interested in dirty people than dusty toes. The disciples had been vying for leadership positions, and Jesus played chief foot washer to clean their hearts rather than their feet. Knowing that He would be going away, Jesus acted as a servant to combat the hotshot attitudes of the disciples. He hoped they would recall and imitate His humility. The Old Testament writers described Abraham, Moses, Joshua, David, and Daniel as servants. Humble and caring leaders before God and others, they led without service charges. In coming to this earth, Jesus became part of a long-running play, but He was not acting. He took the servant part for some thirty-three years to show people how to live (Philippians 2:7). Those who follow Him lead by example. They never make a grand entrance; they come in the service door, and others soon come after them. A W Tozer - WE GET AROUND IT - (Borrow Mornings With Tozer page 36) If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet; ye also ought to wash one another’s feet. John 13:14 The lordship of Jesus is not quite forgotten among Christians, but it has been relegated to our hymnbook, where all responsibility toward it may be comfortably discharged in a glow of pleasant religious emotion. The idea that the Man Christ Jesus has absolute and final authority over all its members in every detail of their lives is simply not accepted as true by the rank and file of evangelical Christians. To avoid the necessity of either obeying or rejecting the plain instructions of our Lord in the New Testament, we take refuge in a liberal interpretation of them. We find ways to avoid the sharp point of obedience, comfort carnality and make the words of Christ of none effect. And the essence of it all is that “Christ simply could not have meant what He said.” Dare we admit that His teachings are accepted even theoretically only after they have been weakened by “interpretation”? Dare we confess that even in our public worship, the influence of the Lord is very small? We sing of Him and preach about Him, but He must not interfere! Oswald Chambers - Missionary munitions (Borrow My Utmost for His Highest - page 254) Ministering as Opportunity Surrounds us. If I then, your Lord and Master, have washed your feet, ye also ought to wash one another’s feet. John 13:14. Ministering as opportunity surrounds us does not mean selecting our surroundings, it means being very selectly God’s in any haphazard surroundings which He engineers for us. The characteristics we manifest in our immediate surroundings are indications of what we will be like in other surroundings. The things that Jesus did were of the most menial and commonplace order, and this is an indication that it takes all God’s power in me to do the most commonplace things in His way. Can I use a towel as He did? Towels and dishes and sandals, all the ordinary sordid things of our lives, reveal more quickly than anything what we are made of. It takes God Almighty Incarnate in us to do the meanest duty as it ought to be done. “I have given you an example, that ye should do as I have done to you.” Watch the kind of people God brings around you, and you will be humiliated to find that this is His way of revealing to you the kind of person you have been to Him. Now, He says, exhibit to that one exactly what I have shown to you. ‘Oh,’ you say, ‘I will do all that when I get out into the foreign field.’ To talk in this way is like trying to produce the munitions of war in the trenches—you will be killed while you are doing it. We have to go the ‘second mile’ with God. Some of us get played out in the first ten yards, because God compels us to go where we cannot see the way, and we say—‘I will wait till I get nearer the big crisis.’ If we do not do the running steadily in the little ways, we shall do nothing in the crisis. Example That Encourages I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet . . . . I have given you an example, that you should do as I have done to you. —John 13:14-15 Today's Scripture & Insight : 2 Timothy 2:1-7 The story is told that in the late 1800s a group of European pastors attended D. L. Moody’s Bible conference in Massachusetts. Following their custom, they put their shoes outside their room before they slept, expecting them to be cleaned by hotel workers. When Moody saw the shoes, he mentioned the need to others because he knew their custom. But he was met with silence. Moody collected all the shoes and cleaned them himself. A friend who made an unexpected visit to his room revealed what Moody had done. The word spread, and the next few nights others took turns doing the cleaning. Moody’s leadership style of humility inspired others to follow his example. The apostle Paul reminded Timothy to “be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. And the things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to reliable men who will also be qualified to teach others” (2 Tim. 2:1-2 niv). When we remember that our strength is a result of God’s grace, that keeps us humble. Then in humility we pass on God’s truth by being an example that encourages and inspires others to follow. Jesus Himself is our example of servanthood. He gave His very life for us.By: Albert Lee Lord Jesus, I know little about humility. Show me and teach me as I read about Your example in Your Word. Give me the grace to humble myself and serve others. Humility is the result of knowing God and knowing yourself. Tale Of A Towel If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. — John 13:14 Today's Scripture : John 13:1-17 As a memento of a retreat I attended, I was given a small towel with a hand-stitched design symbolizing Jesus washing His disciples’ feet. That towel served mostly as a decoration for a few years until one of my daughters accidentally used it to clean the car. The commemorative towel has been scrubbed with stain remover and sent through the washer, but it’s indelibly marked by grease and grime. At first I was miffed at having my memento used to wash hubcaps and bumpers. But then I began to see that towel as a picture of myself, and it caused me to ask some questions. When it comes to serving others, do I reserve myself for special occasions instead of doing an ordinary job today? When Jesus washed and wiped His disciples’ feet, didn’t His towel get dirty? What’s a towel for—decoration or demonstration? Jesus said, “If I then, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another’s feet” (Jn. 13:14). When Jesus washed His followers' feet, He stooped to meet their need; He showed us how to humbly serve, To love in word and deed. —Sper Decorations stay clean; disciples get dirty. John 13:15 "For I gave you an example that you also should do as I did to you. John 13:15 CLICK HERE TO READ PASSAGE IN OVER 60 ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS gave: Mt 11:29 Ro 15:5 Eph 5:2 1Pe 2:21 3:17,18 1Jn 2:6 WALK IN THE MASTER'S STEPS For (gar) is a term of explanation. What is Jesus explaining? He had just stated they were obligated and now explains why they were obligated I gave you an example (hupodeigma) that you also should do (poieo) as I did (poieo) to you - Example is emphatic (first word in Greek sentence) and emphasizes the model of behavior of Jesus which the disciples should imitate. What was Jesus' example? Humility as well as a servant attitude. Should do (poieo) is in the present tense, calling for the humility of a servant to be the disciple's habitual attitude and practice. THOUGHT - Dear disciple are you (am I) practicing Jesus' incredible example of humble service? (I am convicted).
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Morris adds that the use of testified "here marks the following statement as a solemn affirmation, one not lightly made." The solemnity of Jesus' prophetic words was like a final warning to Judas - don't do this! Hendriksen on one of you - One of you! It came as a bolt from the blue. It was a stunning blow. (Borrow Exposition of the Gospel According to John page 240) Rodney Whitacre - The betrayal is all the more horrendous coming after the footwashing in which the depth of Jesus’ divine love is revealed. (Jesus Predicts His Betrayal - John 13:21-30) Gilbrant - Betrayal by a friend was highly unusual. Of all social sins this was counted most grave and solemn. When the betrayal is viewed in the light of the most intimate and ultimate fellowship possible, one can begin to see what a horrible sin Judas committed. (Complete Biblical Library) John
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Morris notes "The place of honor was to the left of, and thus slightly behind the principal person (ED: IN THIS CASE JESUS). The second place was to his right, and the guest there would have his head on the breast of the host. Plainly this was the position occupied by the beloved disciple.” That means that for John to be reclining on Jesus' bosom, he would have been just to the right of Jesus. Merrill Tenney explains that the bread used "in this context does not mean the modern spongy loaf used in most Western nations. It was probably a piece of flat bread, somewhat leathery in consistency, which could be used to scoop bits of meat taken from the pot in which they were cooked" (BORROW The Expositor's Bible Commentary). So when He had dipped (bapto) the morsel, He took and gave it to Judas, the son of Simon Iscariot - Jesus would have been leaning on His left hand (elbow) with His right hand free to dip. Since John was on His right, it is very likely He dipped the morsel and gave to Judas on His left side. Jesus was still trying to reach Judas! Bob Utley The morsel was a dish of bitter herbs and sauce. The Mark parallel (Mk 14:20) states "with me." This is an eyewitness detail confusion. Warren