Judas 1
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Judas 1:1-13
Morris - way of Cain. Like Cain (Ge 4:2-5; Heb 11:4), they reject the doctrine of redemption through the shed blood of a sinless substitute, the Lamb of God. (Defender's Study Bible Notes Online) C H Mackintosh - God's remedy to cleanse is rejected, and man's effort to improve it put in its place. This is the 'way of Cain.'" William
Judas 1:1-13
Morris - A certain segment of the devil's angels not only followed Satan in his primeval rebellion against God, but also attempted to corrupt all mankind by taking physical possession of "the daughters of men" to produce "giants in the earth in those days" (Ge 6:1-4; Job 4:18; 2Peter 2:4). They "left their own habitation" in heaven, and have been confined in the lowest and darkest compartment of Hades awaiting the final judgment. Satan still has a great host of fallen angels (or demons) under his direction (Ephesians 6:12; Revelation 12:3-9), and these will ultimately be cast into the Lake of Fire forever (Mt 25:41; Rev 20:10-15). Related Resource: Who were the sons of God and daughters of men in Genesis 6:1-4? Questions about Angels & Demons (All) | GotQuestions.org Thomas Schreiner - We can be almost certain that Jude referred here to the sin of the angels in Gen 6:1-4. The sin the angels committed, according to the Jewish tradition, was sexual intercourse with the daughters of men. Apparently Jude also understood Gen 6:1-4 in the same way. Three reasons support such a conclusion. First, Jewish tradition consistently understood Gen 6:1-4 in this way (1 En. 6-19; 21; 86-88; 106:13-17; Jub. 4:15, 22; 5:1; CD 2:17-19; 1QapGen 2:1; T. Reu. 5:6-7; T. Naph. 3:5; 2 Bar. 56:10-14; cf. Josephus, Ant. 1.73). Second, we know from Jude 1:14-15 that Jude was influenced by 1 Enoch, and 1 Enoch goes into great detail about the sin and punishment of these angels. Jude almost certainly would need to explain that he departed from the customary Jewish view of Ge 6:1-4 if he disagreed with Jewish tradition. The brevity of the verse supports the idea that he concurred with Jewish tradition. Third, the text forges a parallel between the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah and the angels (“In a similar way,” Jude 1:7; hōs and ton homoion tropon toutois). The implication is that sexual sin was prominent in both instances. (The New American Commentary- 1, 2 Peter, Jude) Abode (3613)(oiketerion from oikéo = to dwell; Only other use 2Co 5:2) means dwelling, habitation, abode. Has kept (5083) (tereo) is in the perfect tense which means at a point in time they were kept and that continues to be their condition. Perfect tense describes the permanence of this keeping. "There is an interesting play on words used in this verse. Because the angels did not keep their proper place, Jesus has kept them chained up in another place. The same verb keep is used in Jude 1:1 to describe believers' status before God and Christ." (NET NOTE) Eternal (126) (aidios from aeí = ever, always) means everlasting, having infinite duration, lasting or enduring forever, existing or continuing without end. Only other use in Ro 1:20. Hiebert - Their present fettering is only temporal, looking forward to the final judgment; but the expression underlines the unbreakable nature of their chains, their prison is escape-proof. No prospect of restoration awaits them; their fall is final. Because they are bound, these angels must be distinguished from other fallen angels who are now unbound and active against mankind (Lk 8:31; Ro 8:38; Col. 2:15). (BORROW Second Peter and Jude An Expositional Commentary - page 234) Enoch 69:26-29 describes the Jesus as sitting in judgment over the bound angels. Darkness (2217) (zophos) describes darkness that ranges from partial to total and conveys a suggestion of foreboding and gloom and in here specifically referring to the thick darkness associated with the region of those who are lost, "a designation for the underworld." (See 2Pe 2:4+) Compare Hesiod: There the Titanian gods, to murky gloom Condemned by will of cloud-collecting Jove, Lie hid in region foul. Theogony v., 729. Hiebert - Ward suggests that appropriately, God punishes these angels with this darkness “symbolically, inasmuch as God is light; and it also imports an atmosphere of terror. They cannot move; they cannot see; and therefore they cannot unite.” (BORROW Second Peter and Jude An Expositional Commentary - page 235) The judgment of the great day - The confinement of the angels to darkness is not their final abode, which will be assigned on the great day. And remember what Jude is doing in this section -- with these examples of flagrant sin which brought God's judgment, in the same way those who creep in unaware will also be judged. Hence Jude encouraged the believers to stand fast in the face of their false teaching. Ronald Ward - If the highest beings known in creation were subject to judgment, how much more sinful men! (The Epistles of John and Jude: A Study Manual) Jude 1:7 just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, since they in the same way as these indulged in gross immorality and went after strange flesh, are exhibited as an example in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire: hos Sodoma kai Gomorrha kai ai peri autas poleis ton homoion tropon toutois ekporneusasai (AAPFPN) kai apelthousai (AAPFPN) opiso sarkos heteras prokeintai (3PPMI) deigma puros aioniou diken hupechousai (PAPFPN) just as Sodom and Gomorrah = Ge 13:13; 18:20; 19:24-26; Dt 29:23; Isa 1:9; 13:19; Jer 20:16; 50:40; La 4:6; Ezek 16:49,50; Hos 11:8; Amos 4:11; Luke 17:29 strange flesh = Ge 19:5; Ro 1:26,27; 1Co 6:9 are exhibited as an example = Mt 11:24; 2Pe 2:6 punishment of eternal fire = Dt 29:23; Isa 33:14; Mt 25:41; Mk 9:43-49+ Click for over 60 versions of this verse.
Judas 1:1-13
Morris - Like Balaam (Nu 22:1-41, Nu 23:1-30, Nu 24:1-25, Nu 25:1-18; 2Peter 2:15,16+), they use their religious connections not for the honor of God or the spread of His Word, but for their own personal agendas, whether money, pleasure or power. (Defender's Study Bible Notes Online) Scofield - Cain is an example of the religious natural man who believes in God, and in "religion," but after his own will, and who rejects redemption by blood. Compelled as a teacher of religion to explain the atonement, the false teacher explains it away. Balaam had a serious, eventually fatal "Heart Condition" - The heart of Balaam's problem was his heart! (1). He wanted those fees of divination… see Nu 22:6-41. Balaam wanted to curse the Israelites. He should have immediately said "I can't curse that which God has blessed." (2). He hedged and he compromised the Word of God when he said ''Spend the night and I will see what the Lord will say to me. Maybe I can get a different word from God. Maybe He will change His mind." When God told Balaam to ''Go ahead" is that really what He meant? No. We have the clear word… don't curse them in Ge 12:3. There is a verse where God says He gave them the desires of their heart but sent leanness to their souls (Ps 106:14,15). Sometimes God tests us and allows us to be in situations where we will obey what we know is His Truth or we will follow the way of Balaam. God even then tries to stop Balaam's donkey by running him into the wall. (3). He consorted with the enemies of God while prophesying the true words of God. False teachers can speak the Word but not live the Word. Nu 24:11. (4). He counseled co-habitation (to have relations with the Moabite women). So while Balaam could not curse the Children of Israel, he could tell Balak how to seduce them! All because of greed! Dt 23:5 What was Balaam's end? (Nu 31:8). MISHNAH is relatively accurate: “The characteristics of the talmidim of Bil‘am the wicked are an evil eye [i.e., stinginess or greed; see Mt 6:22,23] a proud soul …. [They] inherit Gey-Hinnom and descend to the pit of destruction.” (Avot 5:19) KORAH'S REBELLION Perished in the rebellion of Korah - Korah of the tribe of Levi rebelled against the divinely established priesthood as from the tribe of Levi, and then specifically from the line of Aaron of the tribe of Levi. He rebelled against God's authority. To rebel against God's chosen leaders is tantamount to rebellion against Him (and that's how God interpreted it in Nu 16:30 = spurned the LORD). Notice that perished is "past tense" - so sure is the doom of these deceivers that Jude says they have already perished! Woe! The NET Bible translation emphasizes the certainly "they will certainly perish in Korah's rebellion," but does note that perish is not future but aorist indicative and "is almost surely proleptic (referring to the certainty of their future judgment)." The so-called proleptic aorist in Ro 8:30+ where Paul writes "these whom He predestined (aorist - past tense)… He also glorified (aorist with a future sense)." In other words, so sure is our future glorification, that Paul speaks of it as if it were a past event that had already transpired (proleptic aorist). Perished (apollumi) means to destroy utterly but not to cause to cease to exist (annihilation is the Christ rejecting world's false "hope!") Apollumi presents a graphic, heart breaking picture, for it does not signify the loss of being but the loss of well-being, even the loss of a Christ rejecting man or woman's reason for being (created to glorify God - Isa 43:7, Mt 5:16)! Apollumi means to ruin and thus the person that is "ruined" can no longer fulfill the purpose for which he or she was created! Woe! This is the ultimate tragedy which will haunt these individuals throughout the eternal ages! Their very existence in time and eternity is rendered useless!
Judas 1:1-13
Morris - Like Korah (Nu 16:1-3, 31-33), they reject God's authority, as expressed in his day through Moses and in our day through His inspired Word. (Defender's Study Bible Notes Online) A WORTHY OFFERING - I was delighted when a mutual friend gave my neighbor a Bible. But my neighbor told me she stopped reading it because she couldn’t understand why God would be so unfair as to reject Cain’s offering. “After all,” she said, “as a farmer, he simply brought to God what he had. Did God expect him to buy a different kind of sacrifice?” Sadly, she had missed the point. It wasn’t that God didn’t like vegetables. Rather, He knew that Cain’s offering was masking an unrighteous attitude. Cain wasn’t fully committed to God, as expressed by the fact that he wasn’t living according to His ways. (See Ge 4:2-8, Heb 11:4, 1Jn 3:11-12) It’s easy to worship God on the outside while stubbornly keeping territory from Him on the inside. Jude writes about outwardly religious people who use religious activities to cover the reality of their sinful lives: “Woe to them! For they have gone in the way of Cain” (Jude 1:11). We can faithfully serve God, sing His praises, and give sacrificially to His work. But God doesn’t want any of that without our hearts. Does the Lord take priority over our plans and dreams? Is He worth more than the sin that tempts us? When we express to Him that He is more worthy than anything or anyone else in our lives, it’s an offering He won’t refuse. - Joe Stowell Lord, may our worship and our praise, From hearts surrendered to Your ways, Be worthy offerings of love For all Your blessings from above. —Sper God won’t refuse a heart that is surrendered to Him. Jude 1:12 These are the men who are hidden reefs in your love feasts when they feast with you without fear, caring for themselves; clouds without water, carried along by winds; autumn trees without fruit, doubly dead, uprooted: houtoi eisin (3PPAI) hoi en tais agapais humon spilades suneuochoumenoi (PPPMPN) aphobos heautous poimainontes (PAPMPN) nephelai anudroi hupo anemon parapheromenai (PPPFPN) (Textus Receptus has peripheromenai) dendra phthinoporina akarpa dis apothanonta (AAPNPN) ekrizothenta (AAPNPN) are spots (reefs) = 2Pe 2:13,14 love feasts = 1Co 11:21,22, Acts 2:46, 20:7, 11, caring for = Ps 78:29, 30, 31; Isa 56:10-12; Ezek 34:8,18; Lk 12:19,20,45; Lk 16:19; 21:34; Php 3:19; 1Th 5:6,7; Jas 5:5 clouds = Pr 25:14; Hos 6:4; 2Pe 2:17 carried = Eph 4:14 trees = Ps 1:3; 37:2; Mt 13:6; 21:19,20; Mk 4:6; 11:21; Lk 8:6; Jn 15:4, 5, 6 twice = 1Ti 5:6; Heb 6:4-8; 2Pe 2:18-20 plucked = 2Chr 7:20; Ezek 17:9; Mt 15:13; Mk 11:20 Click for over 60 versions of this verse. Amplified - These are hidden reefs (elements of danger) in your love feasts, where they boldly feast sumptuously [carousing together in your midst], without scruples providing for themselves [alone]. They are clouds without water, swept along by the winds; trees, without fruit at the late autumn gathering time—twice (doubly) dead, [lifeless and] plucked up by the roots
Judas 1:1-13
Morris - They are destined both for "everlasting fire" (Mt 25:41), in the ultimate Lake of Fire (Rev 20:15+), yet also for "outer darkness" (Mt 25:30), "the mist of darkness… forever" (2Pe 2:17+). How both can be true we do not know, nor do we need to know. Possibly the final hell is a dark nebula or a black hole, or perhaps the fires are merely symbolic of even worse realities. In any case, the eternal future of such false teachers is indescribably dismal. Great had been their opportunities; therefore great will be their judgment when they misuse them in such deadly ways. (Defender's Study Bible Notes) Lake of Fire - Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology