Gênesis 6
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
Gênesis 6
Morris adds that "The antediluvians thus had ample warning, both through Noah’s preaching (2Pe 2:5+) and example, but the uniformitarian science of their day assured them such an event was impossible, and so they went on in unconcerned “eating and drinking” until the Flood came and took them all away. (BORROW The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings) Bob
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Morris - The word for “pitch” (Hebrew kopher) is different from that used in other places in the Old Testament. It is equivalent to the Hebrew kaphar (“to cover”) and, in the noun form, means simply a “covering.” However, it is also the regular Hebrew word for “atonement,” as in Leviticus 17:11+, for example. In essence, therefore, this is the first mention of “atonement” in the Bible. Whatever the exact nature of this “pitch” may have been (probably a resinous substance of some kind, rather than a bituminous material), it sufficed as a perfect covering for the Ark, to keep out the waters of judgment, just as the blood of the Lamb provides a perfect atonement for the soul. (BORROW The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings.) David
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Morris - pitch - The ark (an ancient Hebrew word used also for the small box in which the infant Moses floated on the Nile) was made of a hard dense wood whose species has not yet been identified; it was made waterproof, not by a bituminous pitch (a different Hebrew word) but by some as-yet-unknown "covering." The Hebrew word is (kopher; Lxx = asphaltos - tar, bitumen), equivalent to kaphar (kapar/kaphar), frequently translated later as "atonement" (e.g., Leviticus 17:11). In providing a protective covering against the waters of judgment, it thus becomes a beautiful type of Christ. Related Resources: What is gopher wood? | GotQuestions.org Were there dinosaurs on Noah’s ark? | GotQuestions.org How did Noah fit all the animals on the Ark? | GotQuestions.org When was Noah’s flood? | GotQuestions.org Would the discovery of Noah’s Ark be important? | GotQuestions.org Cover (03722) kapar means to cover, to forgive, to expiate, to reconcile. The basic meaning, from which all others extend, is "to cover" over something, and the word often carries the idea of atonement (see more discussion of atonement). Clearly in the context of Genesis 6:14 kapar has a distinct meaning of covering with pitch and not atonement, but there certainly could be a play on words intended by the Holy Spirit, a so-called double entendre, as the covering over with the waterproof material certainly assured that the Ark would not become waterlogged and sink and thus the cover (? "atonement") assured the safe passage of the 8 occupants so that their lives were protected and preserved from God's righteous wrath (the flood). Just a thought to meditate upon! (see discussion of "Pitch - kopher" below) Kapar in Ge 6:14 appears in the Qal stem with its primary, non-metaphorical meaning. The Piel form כִּפֶּר (kipper), which has the metaphorical meaning “to atone, to expiate, to pacify,” is used in Leviticus referring to atonement . E.g., Lev. 1:4; Lev. 4:20; Lev. 4:26; Lev. 4:31; Lev. 4:35; Lev. 5:6; Lev. 5:10; Lev. 5:13; Lev. 5:16; Lev. 5:18; Lev. 6:7; Lev. 6:30; Lev. 7:7; Lev. 8:15; Lev. 8:34; Lev. 9:7; Lev. 10:17; Lev. 12:7; Lev. 12:8; Lev. 14:18; Lev. 14:19; Lev. 14:20; Lev. 14:21; Lev. 14:29; Lev. 14:31; Lev. 14:53; Lev. 15:15; Lev. 15:30; Lev. 16:6; Lev. 16:10; Lev. 16:11; Lev. 16:16; Lev. 16:17; Lev. 16:18; Lev. 16:20; Lev. 16:24; Lev. 16:27; Lev. 16:30; Lev. 16:32; Lev. 16:33; Lev. 16:34; Lev. 17:11; Lev. 19:22; Lev. 23:28). Pitch (03724) (kopher) means "pitch," "tar" or "asphalt". Do not be confused, for a word with same Strong's number (03724) and spelling (kopher) means to cover over and was the Hebrew word for atonement (as in Yom Kippur, the "Day of Atonement" e.g., "to make atonement for iniquity," in Da 9:24+ speaking of the Messiah Who makes atonement for iniquity). Most OT uses of the Strong's number (03724) mean a ransom, or price demanded to redeem a person. The word for pitch appears in Babylonian flood stories in reference to the material used to caulk the ark for weatherproofing purposes. In the OT the word kopher meaning pitch only occurs in Ge 6:14. Other versions translate this word as "bitumen or asphalt." Large deposits of this semi-liquid mineral have been known to exist around the Dead Sea and in Egypt and Mesopotamia since ancient times . The kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fell into pits of bitumen or tar (see Ge 14:10). How long did it take Noah to build the ark? The Bible does not specifically say how long it took Noah to build the ark. When Noah is first mentioned in Genesis 5:32, he is 500 years old. When Noah enters the ark, he is 600 years old. The time it took to build the ark would depend on how much time passed between Genesis 6:14, when God commanded Noah to build the ark; and Genesis 7:1, when God commanded Noah to enter the ark. Some scholars teach that it took Noah 120 years to build the ark, based on Genesis 6:3. Others say that it took 100 years, based on Noah’s age in Genesis 5:32 and his age in Genesis 7:6. (Gotquestions.org) Norman Geisler - When Critics Ask - GENESIS 6:14ff—How could Noah’s ark hold hundreds of thousands of species? PROBLEM: The Bible says Noah’s ark was only 45 feet high, 75 feet wide, and 450 feet long (Gen. 6:15, NIV). Noah was told to take two of every kind of unclean animal and seven of every kind of clean animal (6:19; 7:2). But scientists inform us that there are between one half a billion to over a billion species of animals. SOLUTION: First, the modern concept of “species” is not the same as a “kind” in the Bible. There are probably only several hundred different “kinds” of land animals that would have to be taken into the ark. The sea animals stayed in the sea, and many species could have survived in egg form. Second, the ark was not small; it was a huge structure—the size of a modern ocean liner. Furthermore, it had three stories (6:16) which tripled its space to a total of over 1.5 million cubic feet! Third, Noah could have taken younger or smaller varieties of some larger animals. Given all these factors, there was plenty of room for all the animals, food for the trip, and the eight humans aboard. Norman Geisler - When Critics Ask - GENESIS 6:14ff—How could a wooden ark survive such a violent flood? PROBLEM: The ark was only made of wood and carried a heavy load of cargo. But, a world-wide flood produces violent waters that would have broken it in pieces (cf. Gen. 7:4, 11). SOLUTION: First, the ark was made of a strong and flexible material (gopherwood) that “gives” without breaking. Second, the heavy load was an advantage that gave the ark stability. Third, naval architects inform us that a long box-shaped, floating box-car, such as the ark was, is a very stable craft in turbulent waters. Indeed, modern ocean liners follow the same basic dimensions or proportions of Noah’s ark. Genesis 6:15 "This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits. cubits - Ge 7:20 De 3:11 Genesis 6 Resources - Multiple sermons and commentaries Size of Ark Relative to Cargo Ship THE ARK A BIG SHIP This is how you shall make it: the length of the ark (tebah; Lxx = kibotos) three hundred cubits, its breadth fifty cubits, and its height thirty cubits - Many different models of the ark have been designed, but the text gives us insufficient information to accurately portray the giant boat. The Imagine the man hours that it took to construct this Ark! Every nail that Noah's hammer hit was like a shout to the unbelieving, skoffing skeptics who walked by this "fool" for God! Scripture says Noah was a preacher of righteousness (2Pe 2:5+) and while the sound of Noah pounding nails should have been convicting, the sound of Noah preaching righteousness (the Gospel - Ge 15:6, Gal 3:8) should have convicted them. Sadly, Noah had no converts despite pounding thousands of nails and preaching the Gospel hundreds of times! THOUGHT - Dear reader, have you heard the Gospel preached many times and yet you are still debating, still prevaricating, still procrastinating? God's Spirit will not strive with you forever (Ge 6:3)! You need to wake up and open up your heart (allow the Spirit to do this - Acts 16:14+), lest you end up experiencing something far worse than drowning in a temporal flood! Bob
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Morris - three hundred cubits. The dimensions of the ark were ideally designed both for stability and capacity. It has been shown hydrodynamically that the ark would have been practically impossible to capsize and would have been reasonably comfortable, even during violent waves and winds. Assuming the ancient cubit to have been only 17.5 inches (the smallest suggested by any authority), the ark could have carried as many as 125,000 sheep-sized animals. Since there are not more than about 25,000 species of land animals known (that is, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians), either living or extinct, and since the average size of such animals is certainly much less than that of a sheep, it is obvious that all the animals could easily have been stored in less than half the capacity of Noah's ark, each pair in appropriate "rooms" (literally "nests"). There was also ample room for the approximately one million species of insects! We wish God would have left them off the Ark! Ray Pritchard - A few years ago a man named Robert Fulghum wrote an essay called “All I really need to know I learned in kindergarten.” It was so popular that it spawned a number of spin-offs. This week I ran across one called “All I need to know I learned from Noah’s Ark.” 1. Don’t miss the boat. 2. Remember that we are all in the same boat. 3. Plan ahead. It wasn’t raining when Noah built the Ark. 4. Stay fit. When you’re 600 years old someone may ask you to do something really big. 5. Don’t listen to critics, just get on with the job that needs to be done. 6. Build your future on high ground. 7. For safety’s sake travel in pairs. 8. Speed isn’t everything. The snails were on board with the cheetahs. 9. When you’re stressed, float awhile. 10. Remember the Ark was built by amateurs, the Titanic by professionals. 11. No matter the storm, when you are with God there’s always a rainbow waiting. Genesis 6:16 "You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from the top; and set the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks. window - Ge 8:6 2Sa 6:16 2Ki 9:30 the door - Ge 7:16 Lu 13:25 with - Eze 41:16 42:3 Genesis 6 Resources - Multiple sermons and commentaries Related Passages: Genesis 8:6 Then it came about at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made; Genesis 7:16 Those that entered, male and female of all flesh, entered as God had commanded him; and the LORD closed it behind him. This Medieval depiction of the construction project reflects the painter's Biblical ignorance, for there surely were not 12 people helping to build the Ark. Did Noah fire 4 for shoddy workmanship? I doubt it! Here's the takeaway -- do not get your theology for Biblical artwork regardless of how beautiful it is! You shall make a window for the ark (tebah; Lxx = kibotos) - ESV, NIV = Make a roof (note says "Or skylight"). Henry Morris - The Ark also had a “window” (Hebrew tsohar), which probably means, literally, an “opening for daylight.” Although the phraseology is difficult, most authorities understand that this “window” was to consist of a one-cubit opening extending all around the Ark’s circumference, near the roof, as provision for light and ventilation. Presumably there was also a parapet provided to keep out the rain. It has also been suggested that the word “window” might refer to a low wall extending around the Ark above the roof, providing a sort of cistern as a means of water supply. (BORROW The Genesis Record: A Scientific and Devotional Commentary on the Book of Beginnings.) New American Bible renders it "Make an opening for daylight in the ark" and adds this note "Opening for daylight: a conjectural rendering of the Hebrew word sohar, occurring only here. The reference is probably to an open space on all sides near the top of the ark to admit light and air. The ark also had a window or hatch, which could be opened and closed (Genesis 8:6)." and finish it to a cubit from the top; and set the door of the ark (tebah; Lxx = kibotos) in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks - This huge boat will have only one window about 18" from the top for light. Henry Morris - third stories. The three decks may have been laid out as follows: large animals on the bottom; small animals and food storage on the middle deck; family quarters, possessions, records, etc., on the top deck. Water could have been stored in cisterns on the roof and piped throughout the ark where needed. Overhead water storage could also have provided fluid pressure for various other uses. NET NOTE - Heb “to a cubit you shall finish it from above.” The idea is that Noah was to leave an 18-inch opening from the top for a window for light. Ray Pritchard describes how the Ark symbolized Jesus Christ the “ark of salvation” to everyone who believes in Him. Consider these points of comparison: 1) Just as the ark was provided by God, Christ was sent from heaven as a gracious provision for our salvation. 2) The ark was sealed inside and out with “pitch.” The Hebrew word for this resinous substance comes from the same root word translated elsewhere as “atonement” or “covering.” Just as the pitch sealed and covered the spaces between the planks of gopher wood, the blood of Christ covers our sins so that they cannot rise up and condemn us any longer. 3) There was only one ark provided and it had only one door. God never said, “Make four or five arks and let the people make their choice.” And he never offered more than one door to the ark. Only one ark! Only one door! Jesus said, “I am the way, the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me” (John 14:6). 4) The ark saved everyone who entered. And everyone who comes to Christ is saved. No one who comes to him in faith will be turned away (John 6:37). 5) The ark was a place of total security. No matter how high the waters rose, the people and the animals inside were safe. Let the winds howl and the waves crash against the side. Let the rain fall for 40 days and 40 nights. It did not matter. The ark was so strong that it preserved everyone and everything inside. And those who come to Christ find that they are not only saved, they are safe forever and eternally secure. 6) Once God shut the door, no one else could enter. This is a sad and solemn thought. While the door was open, anyone could enter and be saved from the coming flood. Once the door was shut, it would not be opened again until the flood was over. Today is the day of grace. The door of salvation is open to all who care to enter. Whosoever will may freely come. The invitation goes out to the entire world. God takes no delight in the death of the wicked. He delays the coming judgment that all may come to repentance (II Peter 3:9). But the day of grace will not last forever. Death comes to all men sooner or later. And there will come a time when the gospel call will end and judgment must begin. 7) Consider this final thought. When the flood finally arrived, everyone inside the ark was saved while everyone outside perished in the rising waters. Perhaps some people came and banged on the door and cried, “Let us in!” When the floodwaters rose, the skeptics at last knew that Noah wasn’t so crazy after all. But it was too late then. The same thing will happen when Christ returns to the earth. There will be a final separation between the saved and the lost. (Noah’s Ark: A Picture of Salvation) One Window You shall make a window for the ark, and you shall finish it to a cubit from above. —Genesis 6:16 Today's Scripture: Genesis 6:9-16 Windows have two primary functions: one is to let people look out, the other is to let the light shine in. When God gave Noah the instructions for an ark to save his family, He designed it with only one window in the entire huge structure. It was to be near the top of the boat, perhaps encircling the entire vessel. Noah could look out upon the waters and up toward heaven. We have here many spiritual lessons. The ark is a picture of Christ (1 Pet. 3:20-22), who bears His own through the waters of judgment to the the heavenly places of security and divine fellowship (Eph. 2:6). Even as Noah and his family were not to be touched by the waters of God’s wrath, so also we will be delivered. Darkness may surround the believer, but the clear blue of God’s love and the warmth and light of His smile await the ransomed soul who will simply look to God in His Word. If the Lord Jesus does not return soon and physical death comes to us, we need not fear the passage through the deep valley of death or the lashing waves of judgment. Keep looking to Jesus through all of your life If you want to brighten each day; The windows of heaven are open to you: The light of God's Word for your way. —Hess When the outlook is dark, try the uplook! Genesis 6:17 "Behold, I, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish. behold - Ge 6:13 7:4,21-23 9:9 Ex 14:17 Lev 26:28 De 32:39 Ps 29:10 Isa 51:12 Eze 5:8 6:3 34:11,20 Ho 5:14 2Pe 2:5 bring - Ge 7:4,17,21-23 Job 22:16 Ps 29:10 93:3,4 107:34 Isa 54:9 Am 9:6 Mt 24:37-39+, Lk 17:26, 27+ Heb 11:7 1Pe 3:20 is the - Ge 2:7 7:15 shall die - Ge 6:7 Ps 107:34 Ro 5:12-14,21 6:23 8:20-22 Genesis 6 Resources - Multiple sermons and commentaries Mesopotamia GOD PROMISES A DESTRUCTIVE GLOBAL FLOOD Behold, (hinneh) I, even I - Note the attention grabbing "behold," and double "I," so that the reader will understand that this punishment is straight from the throne room of Yahweh! And note the flow of the passages - first God gives Noah the provision (Ark) in Ge 6:13-16 and then He gives the reason (a flood is coming) for the provision which otherwise would not make sense! Of course, it did not make sense to the unregenerate sinners who watched him construct this huge "box" for decades! Now God tells Noah exactly what form the coming destruction would take, the flood of water. I am bringing the flood (mabbul; Lxx = kataklusmos - English cataclysm) of water upon the earth, to destroy (shachath; Lxx = kataphtheiro) all flesh (4X - Ge 6:12, 13, 17, 19) in which is the breath of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish - Note the adjectives all and everything indicating the totality of the destruction, an observation that supports the fact that this was a universal, global flood and not just a local, regional catastrophe! Note also the phrase upon the earth which means what it says -- a global catastrophe, not a local flood! If it had read "upon Mesopotamia" (see map above) it would have meant a local flood, but it did not say that! And if it had meant "Mesopotamia" why would Noah need an Ark? God could have told him to sojourn to a safe place that was not flooded! We must let the text say what God says, and if God says it, that settles it whether we understand it or not or whether we believe it or not! Henry Morris - a flood The Flood (Hebrew mabbul) was a unique event. Various other words were used in Scripture for local floods. The mabbul was the Flood. (ED: In support of Morris' comment is the Septuagint rendering which has "ton kataklusmon hudor" ["the flood water" - see more detailed discussion of the related Greek verb katakluzo used to describe the global flood in 2Pe 3:5] with the definitive article [ton] identifying this as not just any flood, but the specific flood that covered the entire globe!) Related Resources: Global Evidences of the Genesis Flood Multiple articles on global flood Worldwide Flood, Worldwide Evidence Breath of life is the very phrase used in Ge 2:7 for what God gave to man, breathing life into him. In light of man's sin, it is God's right to now take away from Adam's corrupt offspring what He initially gave Adam. Breath of life indicates that animals, like men, have the “breath” (ruach, “spirit”) of life. The Flood would not destroy all marine species, though multitudes of marine organisms would no doubt perish in the submarine upheavals associated with the Flood. Utley on the breath of life - This is the Hebrew term ruach. It can be used for wind, life, breath, or spirit. Both humans and beasts are said to have nephesh but only humans are made in the image of God (cf. Ge 1:26-27) and have a "special" creation (cf. Ge. 2:7). Note that this is the 5th use of the Hebrew verb shachath in Genesis 6 (Ge 6:11, 12, 13, 17, twice in v12), here expressing the purpose of the flood. Divine destruction is determined and decreed and will soon be done. It is interesting that the first 3 uses of shachath are translated corrupt or corrupted describing what man had done to the earth. The last 2 uses are translated destroy which is what God would do because of what man had done! We see here (at least implied) the principle of sowing and reaping (Gal 6:7-8+). You can doubt that there was global flood in Noah's day. That is your choice. But to do so is to doubt God's Word of Truth. If He is not truthful here, then where else in His many promises might He not be true? That's rhetorical, because all of His promises are true (cf 2Co 1:20NIV+) and have been or will be perfectly fulfilled. Believe it or not, and if you choose not to believe it ,you place yourself on shaky ground. It's His sure Word versus your shaky belief. Guess Who wins! Adrian Rogers - I don’t believe in the flood because of archeology or geology. I believe it because of Christology: Jesus believed in the flood. Jesus said, in Matthew chapter 24, “As it was in the days of Noah, so shall it be also in the day of the coming of the Son of man.” (Matthew 24:37) And the Bible speaks of the time when the flood came in the days of Noah. And Jesus utters these words from His own lips, in Matthew chapter 24, verses 37 and following. Jesus Christ believed in the flood, and Jesus said that the last days were going to be like the days that were before the flood—“as it was in the days of Noah.” (Matthew 24:37).....(Rogers adds) that just before the flood—I mean, to the very day that the flood came—they were eating and drinking, they were marrying and giving in marriage, and knew not until the flood came. (Matthew 24:38) That is, in spite of the preaching of the prophet Noah, they just simply yawned in the face of God. Oh, these were days when nothing seemed to shake them! They were just as assured as they could be that tomorrow was going to come just like yesterday had come." Flood (03999)(mabbul) is a term used only for the global flood of Noah's day, even the one use outside of Genesis and even there may allude to the great flood (Ps 29:10). It is significant that mabbûl always occurs with the definite article ("THE" SPECIFIC UNIQUE ONE OF A KIND FLOOD) when it refers to Noah's flood (e.g., Ge 6:17; 9:28) and without the article when it refers to some future, destructive flood which God promises He will never send (Ge 9:11, 15). Mabbul used for the flood and then explained by the phrase "waters upon the earth." Note that other lesser floods are denoted by various other Hebrew words. This Flood was not to be comparable to other later local floods; it was to be absolutely unique in all history. This word is related to an Assyrian word meaning “destruction.” The phrase “a flood of waters” could thus well be translated by “the hydraulic cataclysm.” NET NOTE - The noun מַּבּוּל (mabbul, “flood”) appears only in Ps 29:10 and in Gen 6–11, where it refers to the Noahic flood. Some see a reference to that event here. The presence of the article (perhaps indicating uniqueness) and the switch to the perfect verbal form (which could be taken as describing a past situation) might support this. However, the immediate context indicates that the referent of מַּבּוּל is the “surging waters” mentioned in Ps 29:3. The article indicates waters that are definite in the mind of the speaker and the perfect is probably descriptive in function, like “thunders” in Ps 29:3. However, even though the historical flood is not the primary referent here, there may be a literary allusion involved. The psalmist views the threatening chaotic sea as a contemporary manifestation of the destructive waters of old. Walter Kaiser on mabbul - A technical term reserved for the watery catastrophe which God brought on the earth during the days of Noah. That event was so well known that mabbûl usually occurs with the definite article (except in Genesis 9:11, 15). mabbûl is used only once outside Genesis 7-11. Psalm 29:10 says that "the Lord sits upon the flood, indeed, the Lord is enthroned king forever." Instead of Baal, the god of storm and thunder who according to the Ugaritic myths defeated yam the sea god, the Lord's voice is heard in the thunder, and it is he who reigns over the destructive forces of nature, in this case the storm so beautifully described in Psalm 29. All attempted etymologies for this word have failed because of linguistic difficulties. A few of the suggestions have been: the Akkadian root nbl "to destroy," Akkadian abūbu from the alleged wabūbu "cyclone," Akkadian bubbulu, biblu, bibbulu "inundation," which is the best suggestion yet. But it also fails since the term is not used in any of the Akkadian flood stories. Hebrew ybl "to flow, stream" or nbl "waterskin" have also been suggested. But these suggestions are not linguistically supported and appear to be parents to the unwarranted thought that mabbûl refers to a "heavenly ocean" or a "heavenly store of water in jars." While God himself brought the waters of the flood on the earth because of man's sin (Genesis 6:17; Genesis 7:6), afterward he covenanted never again to destroy the earth with water (Genesis 9:11, 15). Thus God's own can be certain that the earth will endure until the desired eschaton comes. (See TWOT) Mabbul - 13x/12v - flood(13) Gen. 6:17; Gen. 7:6; Gen. 7:7; Gen. 7:10; Gen. 7:17; Gen. 9:11; Gen. 9:15; Gen. 9:28; Gen. 10:1; Gen. 10:32; Gen. 11:10; Ps. 29:10 Flood (2627)(kataklusmos [English = cataclysm] from kata = intensifies meaning + kludon = dashing or surging wave, a surge, a violent agitation of the sea from kluzo = to billow, dash over, dash against) is a noun that refers to an inundation, a deluge and all 4 NT uses (3 by Jesus Himself) refer to Noah's flood (Mt 24:38,39, Lk 17:27+, 2Pe 2:5+). Central to the word is the idea of a violent torrent of water. More than a great body of water, the emphasis is upon its destructive force. It pictures the water as swift and turbulent. In sum, all of the NT uses and most of the uses in the Septuagint refer to the Genesis flood (exceptions - Ps 32:6, Da 9:26, Nah 1:8). The related verb katakluzo means to surge over completely, to inundate (cover with a flood, figuratively to overwhelm), to deluge, to overflow or to submerge. Kataklusmos in the NT - 4x in 4v - Mt 24:38, 39; Luke 17:27; 2Pe 2:5 - Kataklusmos occurs 16x in 15v in the Septuagint, most describing the Genesis flood - Gen 6:17; 7:6,7, 10, 17; 9:11, 15, 28; 10:1, 32; 11:10; Ps 29:10; 32:6; Dan 9:26; Nah 1:5 Warren
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Morris - two of every kind. Two of each kind of bird, cattle, and creeping thing (the "beasts" are also included in Genesis 7:14) were to be put on the ark. Again, marine animals are omitted, as representatives of their kinds could survive outside the ark. Note that the animals were to "come unto thee." God directed to the ark, by a miraculous selection process, those animals who possessed the necessary genes for the migratory instincts which would be needed by their survivors in the post-Flood world. Noah did not have to gather the animals himself, but merely to take into the ark two of each kind as God sent them to him. (BORROW The Defender's Study Bible) Warren Wiersbe writing about the "animal parade" comments that "The birds, beasts, and creeping things knew their Creator’s voice and obeyed Him, but people made in the image of God refused to heed God’s call. Centuries later, God would say through His servant Isaiah, “The ox knows his master, the donkey his owner’s manger, but Israel does not know, my people do not understand” (Isa. 1:3NIV). (Bible Exposition Commentary) The purpose of bringing two of every kind is clearly stated - to keep them alive and by implication to preserve their kind through future procreation after the flood. Noah is not just to bring them on the Ark but is to keep them alive. If one of a pair died off, there would be instant extinction of that species! The implication is that Noah was able to accomplish this instruction perfectly and bring off the same number of pairs as he had brought on (this is not stated but no where is it refuted). We discover in Ge 7:2-3 that of the “clean” animals (evidently those to be used for domestication and sacrifice), seven were to be taken aboard. Henry Morris - Authorities on biological taxonomy estimate that there are less than eighteen thousand species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians living in the world today. This number might be doubled to allow for known extinct land animals (that is, those known from actual fossil records, not the imaginary transitional forms that never existed except in the minds of evolutionists). Allowing then for two of each species, there might have to be a total of about seventy-two thousand animals on the Ark—say seventy-five thousand; to allow for the five extra animals in each “clean” species. John