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Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
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Morris - The invasion of Judah by the Assyrians began in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah's reign (2 Kings 18:13). Eight years earlier (2 Kings 18:10,11), Israel had fallen to the Assyrians and had been carried captive into Assyria. Although it is not mentioned specifically, this invasion no doubt caused many refugees from the northern kingdom to flee south into Judah, a factor which would have contributed still further to the permanent representation of all twelve tribes of Israel in the land of Judah. However, because of Hezekiah's revival, the wicked Assyrian hordes would not be allowed by God to conquer Judah as they had Israel. Bob
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Morris - Remains of Hezekiah's outer wall have been excavated in recent times, thus confirming still further the historicity of the Biblical records. Martin Selman - “Part of a wall which could well be Hezekiah’s has been uncovered on the western hill. At seven metres thick, it is the thickest Iron Age wall known in Palestine, and was presumably designed to withstand powerful Assyrian battering rams.” John Walton - expansion of wall of Jerusalem. Recent archaeological study has shown evidence of the enlargement of the city of Jerusalem during Hezekiah’s time, as well as an expansion of the city’s population. He appears to have augmented fortifications and probably established administrative centers and command posts. Excavations in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem have found segments of Hezekiah’s wall that extended the enclosed portion of the city perhaps as much as seven hundred yards to the west of the north-south ridge that the city had occupied prior to this time. Raymond Dillard: Building projects such as these related to the water supply and the repair of the walls are not only prudent strategy; for the Chronicler they are tokens of divine blessing given to pious monarchs. It is striking that Isaiah took a different view (Isa 22:9–11) and warned about the danger of self-reliance and a tendency to forget Yahweh. J.A. Thompson: The countermeasures taken by Hezekiah were threefold. He had to care for the water problem, both from a defensive and offensive point of view. Then he had to repair weak spots in the wall, erect towers, construct an outside wall, and build up the Millo, that is, “the supporting terraces” as David and Solomon once had done (1 Chr 11:8; 1 Kgs 11:27). Frederick Mabie: Hezekiah fortified “the Millo” (“supporting terraces,” 2Ch 32:5) and also expanded the confines of the city of Jerusalem by what is known as the Broad Wall, described as “another wall outside” the original city wall (2Ch 32:5). This twenty-foot-thick wall expanded the walled portion of Jerusalem toward the western hill and allowed the city to accommodate the rising population as the Assyrian invasion drew near (see M. Broshi, “The Expansion of Jerusalem in the Reigns of Hezekiah and Manasseh,” IEJ 24 [1974]: 21-26). Hezekiah’s most impressive achievement, however, was the tapping into the upper outlet of the Gihon spring and channeling the water underground (via the Siloam Tunnel) to the western side of the City of David (2Ch 32:3-4, 30). As a result, Jerusalem had ongoing access to fresh water that was out of the view (and access) of the Assyrian army (2Ch 32:3-4; see additional details on this tunnel at 2Ch 32:27-30). ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTE: Hezekiah's Wall. Hezekiah repaired and built the walls of Jerusalem (2Ch 32:5; Isaiah 22:10). Professor Nahum Avigad found over 200 feet of a wall dating to the 8th century B.C. (Hezekiah's century), which was 23 feet thick and in places was preserved to a height of over 10 feet. (See also on Isaiah 22:10.) (Halley's Bible handbook BORROW) 2 Chronicles 32:6 He appointed military officers over the people and gathered them to him in the square at the city gate, and spoke encouragingly to them, saying, he set captains: 2Ch 17:14-19 1Ch 27:3,4-34 in the street: Ezr 10:9 Ne 8:1-3,16 comfortably to them: Heb. to their heart, 2Ch 30:22 Ge 34:3 Isa 40:2 THE KING ENCOURAGES THE MILITARY He appointed military officers over the people and gathered them to him in the square at the city gate, and spoke encouragingly to them, saying He appointed military commanders over the people and gathered them together to prepare their hearts for the coming threat. 2 Chronicles 32:7 “Be strong and courageous, do not fear or be dismayed because of the king of Assyria nor because of all the horde that is with him; for the one with us is greater than the one with him. strong: De 31:6-7,23 Jos 1:6-9 1Ch 28:10,20 Isa 35:4 Da 10:19 Zec 8:9,23 Eph 6:10 2Ti 2:1 be not afraid: 2Ch 20:15 2Ki 18:30 19:6,7 for there: 2Ki 6:16 Ro 8:31 1Jn 4:4 Related Passages: Deuteronomy 31:6-7 “Be strong and courageous, do not be afraid or tremble at them, for the LORD your God is the one who goes with you. He will not fail you or forsake you.” 7Then Moses called to Joshua and said to him in the sight of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you shall go with this people into the land which the LORD has sworn to their fathers to give them, and you shall give it to them as an inheritance. Deuteronomy 31:23 Then He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, “Be strong and courageous, for you shall bring the sons of Israel into the land which I swore to them, and I will be with you.” Joshua 1:6-9 “Be strong and courageous, for you shall give this people possession of the land which I swore to their fathers to give them. 7“Only be strong and very courageous; be careful to do according to all the law which Moses My servant commanded you; do not turn from it to the right or to the left, so that you may have success wherever you go. 8 “This book of the law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it; for then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have success. 9“Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous! Do not tremble or be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.” 2 Kings 6:16 So he answered, “Do not fear, for those who are with us are more than those who are with them.” Romans 8:31 What then shall we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? 1 John 4:4 You are from God, little children, and have overcome them; because greater is He who is in you than he who is in the world. BE STRONG AND COURAGEOUS Be strong and courageous, do not fear or be dismayed because of the king of Assyria nor because of all the horde that is with him; for the one with us is greater than the one with him - The one with them is the same One Who is with us -- Emmanuel-Immanuel (God with us)! The king affirmed that the Lord God was with them to fight their battles, and the people were strengthened by his words. King Hezekiah encourages the people of Judah as the vast Assyrian army under Sennacherib threatens Jerusalem. His exhortation directs their confidence away from military strength and toward the presence of the living God. The “One with us” is the LORD Himself, who fights on behalf of His people, while the “one with him” is the Assyrian king, dependent only on human power. Hezekiah reinforces this contrast in 2Ch 32:8: “With him is an arm of flesh, but with us is the LORD our God to help us and to fight our battles.” This truth resonates throughout Scripture—“He who is in you is greater than he who is in the world” (1 John 4:4), and “If God is for us, who can be against us?” (Romans 8:31). 🙏 THOUGHT - Are the "Assyrians" encroaching on you beloved? Then "be strong (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) in the Lord and in the strength of His might." (Eph 6:10+) This passage calls us as believers to place our trust in God rather than to fear overwhelming circumstances. Just as the LORD defended Jerusalem from Sennacherib’s army, He remains the faithful defender of all who rely on Him. Courage flows not from our own strength, but from confident trust in the God who is always greater than any enemy we face. Morris - Hezekiah had perhaps heard or read about Elisha's host and the miraculous deliverance of Samaria (2 Kings 6:16-23; 7:6-7). Adam
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Morris - This equating of "the God of Jerusalem," who is the true God of creation, with "the gods of the people of the earth," who are evil spirits and whose images are mere constructs of men's hands or men's philosophical speculations, is actually blasphemy. Such action cannot go unpunished forever. It is forbidden in the very first of God's Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:3-5). 2 Chronicles 32:20 But King Hezekiah and Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, prayed about this and cried out to heaven. Hezekiah: 2Ki 19:14-19 Isa 37:1,14-20 the prophet: 2Ki 19:2-4 Isa 37:2-4 prayed: 2Ch 14:11 20:6-12 Ps 50:15 91:14,15 ASSYRIAN CRISIS STIMULATES PRAYER But - This marks a decisive contrast. Against threats, insults, and terror, Judah’s response is not strategy or surrender, but prayer. King Hezekiah and Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, prayed about this - About what? Specifically the Assyrian verbal (and written) assault just recorded. They did not discount that the situtation was one of imminent danger to Jerusalem. This event is recorded in 2 Kings 19:15-19 Hezekiah prayed before the LORD and said, “O LORD, the God of Israel, who are enthroned above the cherubim, You are the God, You alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. 16 “Incline Your ear, O LORD, and hear; open Your eyes, O LORD, and see; and listen to the words of Sennacherib, which he has sent to reproach the living God. 17 “Truly, O LORD, the kings of Assyria have devastated the nations and their lands 18and have cast their gods into the fire, for they were not gods but the work of men’s hands, wood and stone. So they have destroyed them. 19“Now, O LORD our God, I pray, deliver us from his hand that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that You alone, O LORD, are God.” Isaiah the prophet brought assurance of the answer to Hezekiah's prayer in 2 Kings 19:20-34 And cried out to heaven - This phrase conveys urgency, desperation, and faith. To “cry out” implies intensity and earnest pleading, not formality. Note where they go for help. Not to other nations but to heaven. This reminds me of Ps 121:1-2 "I will lift up my eyes to the mountains; From where shall my help come? My help comes from the LORD, Who made heaven and earth." Jerusalem was in harm's way and needed help so the duo of monarch and prophet approach Jehovah Ezer: The LORD our Helper.