1 Crônicas 11
Leon Morris · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Crônicas 11
Morris on then - After tying his account to the record in 1 Samuel by practically copying 1 Samuel 31:1-13 in verses 1-12 of 1 Chronicles 10, the writer of Chronicles proceeds immediately to the establishment of the Davidic monarchy and the subsequent history of David until his death. Then, in 2 Chronicles, he details the further history of Judah until its exile in Babylon, with only incidental references to the ten-tribe northern kingdom of Israel. The accounts were probably originally written for the benefit of the returning exiles. Believer's Study Bible - (vv. 1-9) Unlike the account in the Books of Samuel, the Chronicles account presents David with startling suddenness. No mention is made of his humble origin, his encounter with Goliath, his service in the court of Saul, his life as a fugitive, his reign at Hebron, or his war with Ishbosheth. These incidents were selectively omitted because they had no direct bearing on the purpose of the chronicler and because they were presented elsewhere. Cf. 2 Sam. 5:1-10. Moody's Today in the Word - thou shouldst know His will, and see that just One, and shouldst hear the voice of His mouth. 1 Chronicles 11:1-3; 2 Samuel 5:1-5 111 You will shepherd my people Israel, and you will become their ruler. - 2 Samuel 5:2 TODAY IN THE WORD On the Sunday opening His Passion Week, Jesus entered the city of Jerusalem riding the colt of a donkey. A large crowd gathered. Excite-ment was in the air. Was this the Messiah for whom they'd been waiting? To show respect, some spread their cloaks on the road, while others cut branches from nearby trees and placed them in front of Jesus. Shouts rang out. 'Hosanna to the Son of David!' 'Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!' 'Hosanna in the highest!' (Matt. 21:9). 'Blessed is the coming kingdom of our father David!' (Mark 11:10). 'Blessed is the King of Israel!' (John 12:13). In more ways than those present realized, the King had indeed arrived, and He was indeed descended directly from David, the greatest king Israel had ever known. Have you ever connected Palm Sunday with today's readings? In many ways, the journey to Passion Week started here, as David began his rule over all Israel. Once again, the Word of God delivered by Samuel was fulfilled, though he didn't live to see it. The anointing of David was realized as he assumed the kingship, first of the south and then of the entire nation. After Saul's death, the southern region of Judah confirmed David as king, but the north continued to try to follow the old dynasty. When Abner, the northern military commander, switched sides and joined David, a turning point was reached that resulted in David's conquest of Jerusalem and rule over all Israel. David was only 30 years old at the time, but he had already lived an eventful life and waited a long time for God's promise to be fulfilled. His kingship marked a 'golden age' in the history of Israel. More importantly, as we've already seen (July 23rd), his family tree will bring to the world God's gift of His Son, Jesus. TODAY ALONG THE WAY Today, we suggest you do something creative in connection with the story of Saul, concluded in today's reading. Show the tragic lessons of his life through a poem, song, painting, or other art form. What you do can show the truth of Saul's life and bring glory to God.As our study of the life of Samuel and Israel's early history as a kingdom draws to a close, we invite you to look back at the month's accumulation of 'Today Along the Way' activities. Is there one you were planning to do but haven't yet? Is there one you would like to do now that didn't interest you previously? Is there one you know you should do but were hoping to avoid? Ask the Holy Spirit to guide you to an activity that He wants you to do. Then plan to do it with His help. 1 Chronicles 11:2 "In times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; and the LORD your God said to you, 'You shall shepherd My people Israel, and you shall be prince over My people Israel.'" PARALLEL: 2 Samuel 5:2 "Previously, when Saul was king over us, you were the one who led Israel out and in. And the LORD said to you, 'You will shepherd My people Israel, and you will be a ruler over Israel.'" (This color = found only in 2 Samuel 5) See commentary on 2 Samuel 5 for more detail in time past (KJV): Heb. both yesterday and the third day that leddest (KJV): Nu 27:17 1Sa 18:13 Isa 55:4 Joh 10:4 Thou shalt (KJV): 1Sa 16:1,13 2Sa 7:7 Ps 78:71 Isa 40:11 Jer 3:15 Mic 5:2,4 Mt 2:6 feed (KJV): or, rule ruler (KJV): 2Sa 5:2 1Ki 3:9 14:7 ALL ISRAEL ACKNOWLEDGES DAVID'S MILITARY PROWESS In times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; David led them out in battle and brought them back, signifying they did not come running back defeated, but came back victorious under David's leadership. and the LORD your God said to you, 'You shall shepherd My people Israel, and you shall be prince over My people Israel.'" Apparently it was common knowledge throughout Israel that Yahweh had selected David to be His shepherd and ruler over Israel. Frederick Mabie: The people of Israel had ample opportunity to observe God’s hand of blessing on the life of David, particularly in military victories that began in earnest during the reign of Saul (e.g., 1Sa 18:6–9). The people here express recognition that David’s elevation to “shepherd” and “ruler” is an element of divine election and sovereignty. The imagery of David as shepherd reflects the king’s fiduciary role of protecting the flock (i.e., people) and leading them in righteousness (cf. Dt 17:14–20). The theological significance of the shepherd image is also reflected in exilic and postexilic prophetic literature (e.g., Eze 34:1–31) and in Christ’s self-revelation (cf. Jn 10:1–18). The reminder that these are God’s people whom David will lead underscores the reality that David’s authority has been delegated by God.
1 Crônicas 11
Morris - There are certain differences in this account of David's "mighty men" with the parallel account in 2 Samuel 23:8-39. (BORROW - The Defender's Study Bible) Believer's Study Bible - (1Ch 11:10-14) - Of the "three mighty men" (1Ch 11:12), only two are mentioned. The other was Shammah, listed in 2Sa 23:11, 12. Mighty men - phrase occurs 63x in 62v - Gen. 6:4; 2 Sam. 10:7; 2 Sam. 16:6; 2 Sam. 17:8; 2 Sam. 20:7; 2 Sam. 23:8; 2 Sam. 23:9; 2 Sam. 23:16; 2 Sam. 23:17; 2 Sam. 23:22; 1 Ki. 1:8; 1 Ki. 1:10; 2 Ki. 15:20; 2 Ki. 24:14; 1 Chr. 5:24; 1 Chr. 7:2; 1 Chr. 7:5; 1 Chr. 7:7; 1 Chr. 7:9; 1 Chr. 7:11; 1 Chr. 7:40; 1 Chr. 8:40; 1 Chr. 11:10; 1 Chr. 11:11; 1 Chr. 11:12; 1 Chr. 11:19; 1 Chr. 11:24; 1 Chr. 11:26; 1 Chr. 12:1; 1 Chr. 12:8; 1 Chr. 12:21; 1 Chr. 12:25; 1 Chr. 12:30; 1 Chr. 19:8; 1 Chr. 26:6; 1 Chr. 28:1; 1 Chr. 29:24; Neh. 3:16; Job 34:24; Eccl. 12:3; Cant. 3:7; Cant. 4:4; Isa. 21:17; Jer. 5:16; Jer. 26:21; Jer. 46:5; Jer. 46:9; Jer. 48:41; Jer. 49:22; Jer. 50:36; Jer. 51:30; Jer. 51:56; Jer. 51:57; Ezek. 39:18; Ezek. 39:20; Dan. 8:24; Joel 2:7; Joel 3:9; Obad. 1:9; Nah. 2:3; Zech. 10:5; Rev. 19:18 Moody's Today in the Word - 1 Chronicles 11:10-25 11t It is God who arms me with strength… He trains my hands for battle; my arms can bend a bow of bronze. - Psalm 18:32, 34 TODAY IN THE WORD Late one night, bomb squad police officers Danny McGuire and Jerry Farrell were called to the scene of an explosion. A live pipe bomb was still on the floor next to a dead body in a badly damaged apartment. Under the circumstances, the two men couldn't wear their bulky, protective bomb suits or even move around freely. Nonetheless, they went in and successfully disarmed the bomb. McGuire's citation for the Superintendent's Award of Valor, the Chicago Police Department's highest honor, called it a “selfless act of bravery.” Danny McGuire Jr., also a police officer, agreed: “He disregarded his own safety so he could help other people. The reason I'm a police officer is because I wanted to follow in my father's footsteps. My whole life, I have wanted to be like him. Other kids looked up to sports heroes. I looked up to my dad.” The world needs more true heroes. David's “mighty men” qualify! They were the king's elite forces, military leaders, and personal bodyguards. That's why many were non-Israelites; in that day, it was common for rulers to employ foreigners as bodyguards so that they would be loyal to him alone and couldn't be used in political plots or coups. The exploits described in today's reading exemplify the fact that God was blessing David and giving him victory on every side. The nation's source of strength was ultimately not military but spiritual. The best story is found in verses 15-19. “The Three” risked their lives to go on a daring raid against the Philistines. At one level, their actions appear foolhardy, for all they did was fetch water, but perhaps they genuinely wanted to honor the king. In any case, David honored both them and the Lord by pouring out the water as a drink offering. His action thanked God for preserving the men's lives, hailed their courage and devotion to the king … and probably warned them to choose their missions more wisely in the future! TODAY ALONG THE WAY Speaking of heroes, who has been a model or mentor in your life? How has this person helped “arm” you for victory on the battlefield of life? Which qualities or biblical virtues do they possess that you most admire and want to grow in? How have they helped you develop and mature in your daily walk with the Lord? Reflect on these questions, then write a note of appreciation. If you can't think of anyone, ask God to put such a person in your life. QUESTION - Who were the mighty men of David? ANSWER - 2 Samuel 23:8–39 and 1 Chronicles 11:10–47 list a group of people known as mighty men of David or David’s mighty men. They are also referred to as the “thirty chiefs” (1 Chronicles 11:15) and simply “the Thirty” (1 Chronicles 12:4). These mighty men of David were a group of David’s toughest military warriors who were credited with heroic feats, including Josheb-basshebeth, who killed 800 men in one battle with a spear (2 Samuel 23:8). Additional notable actions listed include the deeds of a man named Eleazar, who stayed on the battlefield when other warriors fled and killed Philistines until his hand was stuck clenched around his sword (2 Samuel 23:9–10); and the exploits of Abishai, the leader of the mighty men, who killed 300 men with a spear (23:18). Benaiah was known for going into a pit on a snowy day and killing a lion and for killing a powerful Egyptian man with the man’s own spear (2 Samuel 23:20–21). He also served as leader of David’s bodyguards (2Sa 23:23). Within this list of mighty men are three men who served as a special elite group: Josheb-basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shammah. Their exact roles are not made clear, but they were certainly seen as stand-outs among David’s mighty men. Although the mighty men are called “the Thirty,” a total of 37 men are listed, meaning that not all of these men were on the team the entire time. Some of them, like Uriah, were killed in battle during David’s reign. Another explanation may be that David’s elite group of mighty men numbered approximately 30, a figure not meant to be exact. Some of these mighty men of David had considerable military skill and the blessing of God. David’s mighty men served an important role in protecting the king and fighting for the freedom of their nation, the land of Israel. The full list of the mighty men of David is located in 2 Samuel 23 and includes the following names: 1. Josheb-basshebeth, a Tahchemonite 2. Eleazar, the son of Dodo 3. Shammah, the son of Agee the Hararite 4. Abishai 5. Benaiah 6. Asahel 7. Elhanan 8. Shammah of Harod 9. Elika of Harod 10. Helez the Paltite 11. Ira, the son of Ikkesh of Tekoa 12. Abiezer of Anthoth 13. Mebunnai the Hushathite 14. Zalmon the Ahohite 15. Maharai of Netophah 16. Heleb, the son of Baanah of Netophah 17. Ittai, the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the people of Benjamin 18. Benaiah of Pirathon 19. Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash 20. Abi-albon the Arbathite 21. Azmaveth of Bahurim 22. Eliahba the Shaalbonite 23. The sons of Jashen 24. Jonathan 25. Shammah the Hararite 26. Ahiam, the son of Sharar the Hararite 27. Eliphelet, the son of Ahasbai of Maacha 28. Eliam, the son of Ahithophel of Gilo 29. Hezro of Carmel 30. Paarai the Arbite 31. Igal, the son of Nathan of Zobah 32. Bani the Gadite 33. Zelek the Ammonite 34. Naharai of Beeroth 35. Ira the Ithrite 36. Gareb the Ithrite 37. Uriah the Hittite GotQuestions.org John Kitto - Thursday. The Worthies—II Samuel 23; I Chronicles 11 David, on his return to Ziklag, was joined by seven more chiefs of Manasseh. They are called “captains of thousands;” and as they must have come over from the camp of Saul, they doubtless brought some of their men with them. This accession of force proved to be most opportune; for, on arriving at Ziklag, it was found that the place had been burned with fire, and that, together with all the portable substance, the women and the children had been carried away captive. It seemed that the Amalekites had taken advantage of David’s absence to retaliate his ravages of their country by in attack upon Ziklag. There was none to resist them, and they had shed no blood—not, we apprehend, from any humane consideration, but simply because David’s supposed detention in the camp permitted them to remove the women and the children alive, and when that was the case they were valuable property, to be retained or sold as slaves. David’s two wives, for he now had two, were among the captives. The men were outrageous when they beheld what had taken place, and were not sparing of reproaches against their general, for having left the place without defenders. There were even sinister murmurs about stoning him. Probably the presence of the Manassites, who had joined him in the field and on the road, served him in good stead. They had lost nothing, and naturally would side with David against the murmurers. It seems to have been they who suggested the wisdom of a pursuit after the marauders, for it was clear that, being under no apprehension of David’s return, they would make a leisurely retreat, especially when encumbered with so many women and children; and it appeared by the heat of the still smoldering ruins, and by the freshness of their camel-tracks, that the attack had been very recent, and they could not yet have got to any great distance. David himself had lost more than any; but his faith in God was not shaken, and his self-possession and decision under this calamity, and the present outbreak of his own men, is worthy of high commendation, and tended rapidly to restore confidence. “He encouraged himself in Jehovah his God,” and calling for Abiathar, desired him to consult the Lord by the sacred Urim, whether he should pursue the enemy or not. The answer was favorable, and he set out with extreme rapidity, coming upon them when they were encamped, encumbered with spoil, and enjoying themselves at their ease, supposing David, whom alone they had any reason to fear, afar off with the Philistine host. Thus surprised, they offered little resistance; but some of them betook themselves to their camels and escaped. Not only was every thing and person taken from Ziklag recovered safe, but all the rich spoil which the band had collected in a wide marauding excursion fell into the hands of David and his men. This incident was likely to have created another misunderstanding, which was averted by the discretion of their leader. Many of the men having been from weariness unable to pursue the march, had been left on the way by the brook Besor, and it was suggested that these had no right to any of this spoil, but only to have their own property and families restored to them. But David decided that they should all share alike; and this thenceforth became established as a law in the Hebrew army, and has been adopted into the practice of modern warfare. The policy of this regulation is obvious; for, were every man at liberty to retain what he could take, or were the spoil to be appropriated only by the actual combatants, there must be at leas great discontent among those detained by garrison or other duties from the immediate scene of action. A considerable portion of the spoil fell to the share of the commander; and this he, with his usual open-handed liberality, employed in sending presents to the elders of various towns and villages in Judah, and to all the places where he had received encouragement and support during his wanderings. This came to them with the message—“Behold a present for you of the spoil of the enemies of the Lord.” The natural effect of his success, of his discreet liberality, and of the admiration in which he was held, was, that men came over to him in great numbers. “From that time,” says the writer of Chronicles (I Chronicles 12:22), “day by day there came to David to help him, until it was a great host, like the host of God.” It seems to have been while at Ziklag that David, in the lack of means of affording more substantial marks of his regard and admiration for valiant deeds, and marks of attachment to his person, devised something that looks exceedingly like an order of knighthood, or, on a small scale, a legion of honor, which has scarcely received all the attention it deserves. Out of the general body of his followers, he organized a band of worthies or knights, answering very much, we suspect, to the three degrees in the Order of the Bath, in which we have Grand-Crosses, Knight-Companions, and Companions. In David’s band there were three chief heroes, three second in prowess, and thirty inferior to these—thirty-six in all. It is also very likely that they were distinguished from the general band, and the different degrees from each other, by insignia of honor. It is a great mistake to suppose the use of such insignia a modern invention. The modern decorations, crosses, medals, and stars, are in principle but the revival of an ancient practice. It is known to have existed among the Romans, who had phialœ and phalerœ of honor—terms which have been supposed to signify bracelets and medals; but all opinion on the subject was only conjectural, previously to the discovery on the borders of the Rhine of a monumental bas-relief, raised by the freedmen of Marcus Caelius Lembo, tribune of the (XIIX) 18th Legion, who fell in the disastrous overthrow of Varus. This effigy is of three-quarter length, in a fall suit of armor, with a laurel crown on the head, a Gallic twisted torque around the neck, and from the lion-headed shoulder-clasps of the cuirass hang two embossed bracelets, having beneath them a locket with three points, from which are suspended five medals of honor; one large, on the pit of the stomach, representing a head of Medusa; and two on each side, one beneath the other, and all, as far as can be seen, charged with lion’s faces and lion’s heads in profile. This monument is now in the University of Bonn.460 The exploits which won for some of David’s illustrious band their high distinction are recorded; but some of them seem to have been performed after David became king, showing that he kept up this body during his reign, probably by supplying vacancies as they occurred; this also accounts for our finding in the list such names as that of Benaiah, who, seeing that he was it seems in the prime of life at the end of David’s reign, could hardly have been one of the worthies before its commencement. The three chiefs who formed the first class, were Jashobeam the Hachmonite, Eleazer son of Dodo, and Shammah son of Agee. The first, according to one account,461 lifted up his spear against 800 men, whom he slew at one time—but another account makes the number three hundred,462 a difference which some reconcile by supposing that he slew 800 men in one action and 300 men in another. However interpreted, this exploit well entitled the valiant Jashobeam to his place as “chief among the captains.” Eleazer was one of those three who, with David, maintained the ground against a Philistine force, when their people had retreated, and at length routed them, so that when the men returned for very shame, there was nothing for them but to divide the spoil of their enemies. On that occasion Eleazer “smote the Philistines till his hand clove unto his sword.”463 This seems to have occurred during the period when David acted as Saul’s general against the Philistines, So, seemingly, does the exploit of Shammah, who defended a field of barley against a troop of Philistines, and compelled them to retreat. These were the three men who formed the first class of David’s worthies. The three next, who formed the second class, were renowned for a deed of truly chivalrous devotement to David—so that opposing hosts could not prevent them from fulfilling his slightest wish. When be was in the cave of Adullam, the Philistines had a garrison in Bethlehem; and he was unmindful of this circumstance when, suffering from thirst, and remembering the pleasantness of the water from the well of his native town, he expressed a longing for a draught thereof. The words had no sooner passed his lips than these three men took their departure, and going boldly through the Philistine host, drew water from the well, and brought it to their chief. Touched by this proof of hardihood and strong attachment, he refused to drink the draught so hardly won: “he poured it out before the Lord,” declaring that he would not drink the blood of his men. Alexander did something like this, only not so striking, at Gerodosia.464 A vessel of water was offered him when under extreme thirst, but be refused to take it, because he could not bear to drink it alone, and the small quantity could not be divided among all those who were about him. The chief of this second class of three was Abishai, nephew of David and brother of Joab. He was also celebrated for putting to rout three hundred adversaries, and this two-fold distinction gave him the first place in this second rank of heroes. To this rank, but probably at a later period, was Benaiah, whose exploits were very remarkable. It is said that he “had done many acts,” and three of them are mentioned as examples of their quality—in fact there is more recorded of this man than of any others. First, “he slew two lion-like men of Moab”—next, “he went down and slew a lion in the midst of a pit in time of snow.” Why the snow is mentioned is not clear, though it had no doubt some connection with the exploit—perhaps its lying on the ground had caused the lion to fall into the pit. Josephus understands that the lion having fallen into a pit where there was much snow, got covered with it, and there making a hideous roaring, Benaiah went down and slew him. So read, it seems no great exploit. It has been very much outdone of late by Mr. Cumming-though, to be sure, Benaiah had no gun. Altogether, the exploit would have been more signal apparently had the lion not been in the pit—although there may be something not altogether agreeable in such close quarters with a lion. Upon the whole, it is likely Bochart may be in the right in his notion that Benaiah went into a cave for shelter from a snow-storm, and was there attacked by a lion, which had also sought shelter there, and which he overcame and slew. The third recorded exploit of this valiant man is in some respects comparable to David’s combat with Goliath. The opponent was an Egyptian giant about eight feet high, and armed with a spear. But Benaiah went down against him with no weapon but his staff, and plucking the spear out of his hand, slew him with his own spear. The man distinguished by these romantic feats eventually became captain of David’s guard—a post which he retained under Solomon. Of the thirty who formed the third class, we possess only the names. Few of them are historically known; but we find in it, with a feeling of painful surprise, the name of Uriah the Hittite. That this man had been deemed worthy of this high honor, given only to the brave and the devoted, gives a still deeper dye to the crimson of David’s sin against his life and honor. In this list also occurs the name of Joab’s armor-bearer, Naharai by name; and yet the name of Joab himself does not occur in either class. This is difficult to account for, but by supposing that his position was too eminent, as commander-in-chief, to need the distinction which the belonging to this order conferred on other men. Or, as this high place was of later acquirement, it may be that Joab was the unnamed third of the second trio of worthies. 1 Chronicles 11:11 These constitute the list of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam, the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred whom he killed at one time. Jashobeam: 1Ch 27:2 2Sa 23:8 Related Passage: 2 Samuel 23:8 These are the names of David's warriors: Josheb-Basshebeth, a Tahkemonite, was head of the officers. He killed eight hundred men with his spear in one battle. (2Sa 23:8NET) NET NOTE - The translation follows some LXX MSS (see 1 Chr 11:11 as well) in reading הוּא עוֹרֵר אֶת־חֲנִיתוֹ (hu’ ’orer ’et khanito, “he raised up his spear”) rather than the Masoretic Text's הוּא עֲדִינוֹ הָעֶצְנִי (hu’ ’adino ha’etsni [Kethib = הָעֶצְנוֹ, ha’etsno]; “Adino the Ezenite”). The emended text reads literally “he was wielding his spear against eight hundred, [who were] slain at one time.” JASHOBEAM A MIGHTY MAN These constitute the list of the mighty men whom David had: Jashobeam (See dictionary discussions), the son of a Hachmonite, the chief of the thirty; he lifted up his spear against three hundred whom he killed at one time - He was one of David's chief heroes who joined him at Ziklag (2Ch 12:6). He was the first of the three who broke through the host of the Philistines to fetch water to David from the well of Bethlehem (2Sa 23:13-17). He is also called Adino the Eznite (2Sa 23:8). His distinguishing exploit was that he slew 300 (or 800,) (2Sa 23:8) men at one time.