Lucas 22
Kent Hughes · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 22
Hughes adds some additional details on what was involved in the preparation: The day of sacrifice was given entirely to festive preparations. A massive assembly of priests (twenty-four divisions instead of the customary single division) arrived at the temple early. Their first duty was to burn all the leaven that had been ceremonially collected by candlelight and spoon the preceding night (M. Pesahim 1–3). By noon all work ceased. At mid afternoon, 3:00 P.M., the ritual slaughtering began (M. Pesahim 5.1). This was completed in three huge shifts. When the first group entered in and the temple court was filled, the gates of the court were closed. A priest’s shofar played a sustained blast, and the sacrifices began (M. Pesahim 5.5). The pilgrims approached two long rows of priests holding basins of silver and gold. Each Israelite slaughtered his own offering, and the priest caught the blood, which was then tossed at the base of the altar (M. Pesahim 5.5, 6). As the offerer left the temple, the slain lamb and its skin was draped over his shoulder (T.B. Pesahim 6.5b). That evening the Passover was observed in a home or room reserved for the occasion. The lamb was roasted on a pomegranate spit (M. Pesahim 7.1). Inside, the company dressed in festive white and reclined at tables with the leader at the head. In Jesus’ time the celebration had added elements beyond the Old Testament’s prescriptions. There was a seder (See Seder), a set order of service (M. Pesahim 10.1-9). The celebrants reclined while they ate because they were no longer slaves (cf. Ex 12:11). It was the host’s duty to interpret each of the foods on the table as it related to their deliverance from Egypt. The bitter herbs recalled their bitter slavery. The stewed fruit, by its color and consistency, recalled the misery of making bricks for Pharaoh. The roasted lamb brought to their remembrance the lamb’s blood applied to the doorposts, their eating of the lamb within their house, and the death angel’s passing over them as it destroyed the firstborn of Egypt. The celebration concluded late, but many people returned to the streets to continue celebrating. Others returned to the temple mount to await the reopening of the temple gates at midnight, so they could spend the rest of the evening in worship and prayer (cf. Josephus, Antiquities 18.2.2). (See Luke: That You May Know the Truth) Luke 22:9 They said to Him, "Where do You want us to prepare it?" KJV Luke 22:9 And they said unto him, Where wilt thou that we prepare? Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Alfred Edersheim - Make Ready the Passover NO ROOM IN THE INN! Parallel Passages Matthew 26:17 Now on the first day of Unleavened Bread the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?” Mark 14:12+ On the first day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb was being sacrificed, His disciples said to Him, “Where do You want us to go and prepare for You to eat the Passover?” They were not hesitant to obey, but were a bit perplexed and thus their question. They said to Him, "Where do You want us to prepare (hetoimazo) it (the pascha) ?" - In order to obey Jesus' command, they had to know where to make the preparations. Neither Matthew nor Mark record Peter and John's question. It was an excellent question because it would have been very difficult to find a vacant room within the city itself at this late date given that the population had swollen to probably several hundred thousand (with a few sources estimating even more than a million pilgrims). So their question of "where" was very practical . Notice that Matthew and Mark say "prepare for You to eat the Passover (pascha)." They did not say "for US to eat the Passover," for their focus was on their Lord (cf Heb 12:2+). This is a good example for all of Jesus' disciples to follow -- when we serve Him, we need to remember we are doing it for Jesus, for His glory and not for ourselves or for our glory! If you are like me, this calls for continual readjustment of my heart attitude (I'm just being honest)! As Catherine Marshall said "Obedience is all over the Gospels. The pliability of an obedient heart must be complete from our wills right on through to our actions." Darrell Bock comments on the parsing of the verb hetoimazo in this verse (hetoimasomen) noting that it is "a deliberative subjunctive that shows the disciples’ desire to follow Jesus’ instructions. They are ready to do what Jesus asks so that they can celebrate the solemn day together." (Amen!) THOUGHT- Even as John the Baptist was to prepare (hetoimazo) the way for Jesus' incarnation, Peter and John are to prepare the way for His inauguration of the New Covenant. And in a sense all believers today are to "prepare" the way for His Second Coming by proclaiming the Gospel to all people groups on the globe, to "make disciples of of all the nations" (Mt 28:19+). Luke 22:10 And He said to them, "When you have entered the city, a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him into the house that he enters. KJV Luke 22:10 And he said unto them, Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you, bearing a pitcher of water; follow him into the house Follow him into the house that he enters.. Luke 19:29-40; 1 Samuel 10:2-7; Mt 26:18,19; John 16:4; Acts 8:26-29 Luke 22 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Alfred Edersheim - Make Ready the Passover A "CLOAK AND DAGGER" ENCOUNTER Parallel Passages Matthew 26:18 And He said, “Go into the city to a certain man, and say to him, ‘The Teacher says, “My time is near; I am to keep the Passover at your house with My disciples.” Comment: Neither Luke nor Mark mention Jesus' words "My time (kairos - season, epoch) is near" (or at hand). What time? The time to eat the Passover and inaugurate the New Covenant in His blood and/or the time of His sacrificial death as the Lamb of God. Mark 14:13+ And He sent two of His disciples and said to them, “Go into the city, and a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him; 14 and wherever he enters, say to the owner of the house, ‘The Teacher says, “Where is My guest room in which I may eat the Passover with My disciples?”’ And He said to them, "When you have entered the city - When they had entered the city of Jerusalem. The Passover had to be prepared at a location within the city of Jerusalem because it could not be eaten outside of the city walls. Unfortunately NAS does not translate idou (which is in the original Greek text) which means "Behold" (aorist imperative) - It should read "And He said to them, "Behold..." Behold is used to prompt one to pay close attention to what follows. It was critical that Peter and John understand the "signal" of "a man" with "a pitcher of water." Bock notes that "Tradition dictated that Passover be celebrated in the temple courts (Deut. 16:16; 2 Chron. 35:16–19; Jub. 49.15–16). When pilgrims became too numerous for the temple, the entire city served as a suitable locale (Fitzmyer 1985: 1377)." (Baker Exegetical Commentary - Luke) A man will meet (sunantao) you carrying (bastazo) a pitcher (keramion) of water - Will meet is future tense and is clearly a prophetic promise. A man Matthew calls "a certain man" (Mt 26:18) but does not mention that he is carrying a pitcher of water. Some have said the situation was now out of Jesus' control, but this verse makes it crystal clear that Jesus was in full control. A man carrying a pitcher of water was not the usual custom and thus was a signal (either pre-arranged by Jesus or the result of a miraculous communication with the man). Normally, only women carried water pots (cf Ge 24:11, Jn 4:7), while men carried wineskins, so a man coming up to Peter and John with a pitcher of water would leave no doubt this was the man Jesus had described. It is interesting that this man came to meet them not the converse. In other words this man had received communication in some way (directly from Jesus previously or by some supernatural means) that Peter and John would be coming into the city to prepare the Passover. And this man would have to find them out of the literally thousands that were walking through the city streets! Sounds a bit like traffic in Austin, Texas! And so it is easy to overlook the miraculous aspect of this rendevous, but it was indeed a miracle that the man found Peter and John as they entered a city packed with pilgrims for the Passover. Not only did he find them, but he recognized them. THOUGHT - Pause for a moment and ponder your service for the Lord Jesus. You may be an "eye" or a "hand" (1 Cor 12:15-16), or you may be a "foot," and as such you wonder "Is there really any value in what I am doing for the Lord? Am I really making a contribution? No one even knows my name or what I do." WRONG! The Teacher knows your name and He esteems your value no less then the one who preaches or teaches. No one knew this man's name except God, but that is really all that matters in eternity. Be faithful in whatever He has given you to do. One day He will introduce you to the man who did the woman's job of carrying a pitcher of water and you will both bask in the rewards for being faithful servants of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Lucas 22
Hughes adds "Do this in remembrance of me" calls for studied remembrance through the memorial (the bread) of what Christ has done for us.Tragically (though we may think it is impossible), we are in constant danger of forgetting. The memorial of the bread is meant to graciously assault our fickle memories. (Preaching the Word – Luke) Related Resource: 10 Things You Should Know about the Lord's Supper and Communion - Sam Storms
Lucas 22
Hughes - By calling the cup "the new covenant in my blood," Jesus was intentionally contrasting his atoning work (the shedding of his blood) with the Old Covenant's ocean of blood. (Ibid)