2 Coríntios 7
Kent Hughes · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 7
Hughes - This is clearly a resumption of the appeal of 2Co 6:11–13. “O Corinthians, our heart is enlarged … Be ye also enlarged”. As there is spacious accommodation for the Corinthians in his heart, so the Apostle desires them to respond by making room for him in their hearts. Warren
2 Coríntios 7
Hughes - His purpose, however, is to establish, or re-establish, the relationship of true Christian love and mutual confidence that should exist between the Apostle and the church he has founded. He is impelled by love, not bitterness. Hence his reminder to them of what he had already said earlier on, that they were in his heart, undoubtedly referring to 6:11 where he had affirmed that his heart was enlarged toward them. But his language now is even more intense; he speaks with the utmost devotion of the true lover: not only does he declare that they are in his heart, but that they are in his heart “to die together and live together”—so far as he is concerned, they will be one in true love, one in death as well as in life (ED: SEE WORDS OF RUTH). This is not the language of romanticism but of Christian reality. That genuine love which is the expression of communion and fellowship in Christ is the greatest of those things which abide (1 Cor. 13:13) and can neither be destroyed by death nor impaired by the changing circumstances of life. Could there be greater openness of speech and affection than is displayed here? And the authenticity of this protestation of his love is proved by the afflictions which Paul so willingly, and so constantly, endured for their comfort and salvation (1:6; 6:3ff.; 11:23ff.). (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Homer Kent on to die...and to live - The meaning is that they were so much on his heart that if he should die, it would be with their concerns in mind, and if he should go on living, it would be to serve their interests. Another aspect of this thought might have been that he and the Corinthians were joined with each other through faith in Christ, so that he expected to be resurrected along with them and go on living in eternal bliss with Christ and other believers (4:14). The mention of dying before living suggests such an explanation. (A Heart Opened Wide: Studies in 2 Corinthians) Gilbrant on live together - Paul in this sense emphasized the commitment he felt toward the Corinthians and he believed they felt toward him. Paul used the phrase in order to place his criticism of the Corinthians and his exhortations to reform their lives in the context of his real and permanent commitment to them. Perhaps he also wished to emphasize their common destiny “in Christ” and the resurrection. (Complete Biblical Library - Incredible Resource) Colin Kruse on to die...and to live - In the papyri the expression ‘to live together and to die together’ is found where mutual friendship and loyalty are extolled. The idea is that those involved have a friendship that will be sustained throughout life and will keep them together even if death is involved (cf. Mark 14:31). In his affirmation of friendship Paul reverses the order, i.e. not to live and die, but to die and live together, and this reflects a fundamental Christian outlook. It is by dying that we live; it is by suffering that we are prepared for glory. The idea originated with Jesus himself (cf. Mark 8:34–36; John 12:24–26) and is found frequently in the writings of Paul (cf. Rom. 6:8; 8:17, 36–39; 2 Cor. 4:8–12, 16–18; 2 Tim. 2:11). When Paul says the Corinthians are in his heart to die together and to live together it is in recognition of the fact that to be a Christian was to expose oneself to suffering and possible death, but to do so was also to put oneself in the way of experiencing the daily renewal and the manifestation of the life of Christ within. And by this process a person is prepared for eternal life and glory (cf. Rom. 8:18; 2 Cor. 4:17). It is the recognition of this fact also which enables us to make sense of Paul’s words at the end of the next verse (‘With all our affliction, I am overjoyed’). (Full text of the Tyndale NT Commentary on 2 Corinthians) Pulpit Commentary on to die - And one whose life was, for Christ’s sake, a daily death, naturally mentions death first. Condem (2633)(katakrisis from katakrino - condemn from kata = against + krino = judge) describes an action of condemnation against someone, the act of condemnation but not the actual condemnation which is katakrima. Used only in 2Co 3:9 and 2Co 7:3. Hearts (2588) kardia does not refer to the physical organ but is always used figuratively in Scripture to refer to the seat and center of human life. The heart is the center of the personality, and it controls the intellect, emotions, and will. No outward obedience is of the slightest value unless the heart turns to God. The heart is the center of our personality, our "control center" (to make a play on the "air traffic control center" at the airport which carefully guards and guides what flies in and what flies out. How applicable to our "hearts" which are so prone to wander!). In short kardia refers to the the affective center of our being wherein lies the capacity of moral preference and volitional desire. The kardia generates thoughts that make the decisions which the mind works out. In other words, our logic flows out of our heart-decisions and not vice versa. Uses in Corinthians 1 Co. 2:9; 1 Co. 4:5; 1 Co. 7:37; 1 Co. 14:25; 2 Co. 1:22; 2 Co. 2:4; 2 Co. 3:2; 2 Co. 3:3; 2 Co. 3:15; 2 Co. 4:6; 2 Co. 5:12; 2 Co. 6:11; 2 Co. 7:3; 2 Co. 8:16; 2 Co. 9:7 Die together (4880)(sunapothnesko from sun/syn = intimately together + apothnesko = to die from apo = off + thnesko = to die) means “to die together with someone.” Herodotus (5th Century BC) and Diodorus Siculus (1st Century BC) both used the word to speak of the burning of widows in India with their deceased husbands (Bauer). 3x in NT - Mk 14:31+ = Even if I have to die with You, I will not deny You!”; 2Co. 7:3; 2Ti. 2:11+ = " It is a trustworthy statement: For if (first class conditional = "SINCE WE...") we died with Him (DESCRIBES OUR "SPIRITUAL IDENTIFICATION" WITH JESUS), we will also live with Him." Not in Septuagint. Live together (4800)(suzao from sun/syn = intimately together + zao = to live) means live together with. Friberg says suzao is figurative in 1Co 7:3 and conveys the sense of having a permanent place in one's affections (2Co 7.3). In Ro 6:8 suzao speaks of the identification with the resurrected and exalted Christ and means to be alive together with. We live because He lives! Only 3 NT uses = Ro 6:8+ = "Now if (first class conditional = "SINCE WE...") we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him"; 2Co. 7:3; 2Ti 2:11+ = "we will also live with Him" = This refers to the believers’ confidence of sustained fellowship with Jesus, not only in this present live by faith but one day in the future and forever by sight, face to face! Hallelujah! - Translated (NAS) = live(2), live together(1). Not in Septuagint. Gilbrant - Suzaō (also spelled sunzaō) Paul never used the verb in the simple sense of “living with” another person; instead, he used it as a metaphor. In all three cases Paul connected “living with” someone to “dying with” the same person. In Ro 6:8 and 2 Ti 2:11 that person is Christ. In Romans 6 Paul drew a parallel between the meaning of baptism (not water but spiritual - 1Co 12:13) and the reality of the Christian life: as the believer “dies with” Christ in (spiritual) baptism (Ro 6:4), he now “lives with” Christ as a matter of his own will (Ro 6:11). Ultimately, Christians “live with” Jesus by living the life of faith through the Holy Spirit both now and, more perfectly, later at the end of the age. 2Ti 2:11 emphasizes the future aspects of “living with” Christ: believers shall fully experience salvation if they are faithful to what they have received. In 2Co 7:3 the same formula is applied to the relationship between Paul and the Corinthians: “For I said before that you are in our hearts, to die together and to live together” (RSV). (Complete Biblical Library - Incredible Resource) 2 Corinthians 7:4 Great is my confidence in you; great is my boasting on your behalf. I am filled with comfort; I am overflowing with joy in all our affliction. KJV 2 Corinthians 7:4 Great is my boldness of speech toward you, great is my glorying of you: I am filled with comfort, I am exceeding joyful in all our tribulation. NET 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have great confidence in you; I take great pride on your behalf. I am filled with encouragement; I am overflowing with joy in the midst of all our suffering. BGT 2 Corinthians 7:4 πολλή μοι παρρησία πρὸς ὑμᾶς, πολλή μοι καύχησις ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν· πεπλήρωμαι τῇ παρακλήσει, ὑπερπερισσεύομαι τῇ χαρᾷ ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν. NLT 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have the highest confidence in you, and I take great pride in you. You have greatly encouraged me and made me happy despite all our troubles. ESV 2 Corinthians 7:4 I am acting with great boldness toward you; I have great pride in you; I am filled with comfort. In all our affliction, I am overflowing with joy. NIV 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have great confidence in you; I take great pride in you. I am greatly encouraged; in all our troubles my joy knows no bounds. YLT 2 Corinthians 7:4 great is my freedom of speech unto you, great my glory on your behalf; I have been filled with the comfort, I overabound with the joy on all our tribulation, ASV 2 Corinthians 7:4 Great is my boldness of speech toward you, great is my glorying on your behalf: I am filled with comfort, I overflow with joy in all our affliction. CSB 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have great confidence in you; I have great pride in you. I am filled with encouragement; I am overcome with joy in all our afflictions. MIT 2 Corinthians 7:4 On my part I have much confidence in you; I do much boasting about you. I am filled with encouragement. I am overflowing with joy in spite of all our trouble. NKJ 2 Corinthians 7:4 Great is my boldness of speech toward you, great is my boasting on your behalf. I am filled with comfort. I am exceedingly joyful in all our tribulation. NRS 2 Corinthians 7:4 I often boast about you; I have great pride in you; I am filled with consolation; I am overjoyed in all our affliction. NAB 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have great confidence in you, I have great pride in you; I am filled with encouragement, I am overflowing with joy all the more because of all our affliction. NJB 2 Corinthians 7:4 I can speak with the greatest frankness to you; and I can speak with the greatest pride about you: in all our hardship, I am filled with encouragement and overflowing with joy. GWN 2 Corinthians 7:4 I have great confidence in you, and I have a lot of reasons to be proud of you. Even as we suffer, I'm encouraged and feel very happy. BBE 2 Corinthians 7:4 My words to you are without fear, I am full of pride on account of you: I have great comfort and joy in all our troubles. Great is my confidence in you: 2Co 3:12 6:11 10:1,2 11:21 Eph 6:19,20 Php 1:20 1Th 2:2 great is my boasting on your behalf.: 2Co 1:14 9:2-4 1Co 1:4 1Th 2:19 I am filled with comfort: 2Co 7:6,7 1:4 2:14 6:10 Ac 5:41 Ro 5:3 Php 2:17 Col 1:24 1Th 3:7-9 Jas 1:2 2 Corinthians 7 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: 1 Thessalonians 1:6 (SECRET OF JOY IN AFFLICTION) You also became imitators of us and of the Lord, having received the word in much tribulation with the joy of the Holy Spirit (HE IS THE SECRET!), Colossians 1:24 (JOY AND AFFLICTION) Now I rejoice in my sufferings for your sake, and in my flesh I do my share on behalf of His body, which is the church, in filling up what is lacking in Christ’s afflictions. Philippians 2:17 (JOY AND AFFLICTION) But even if I am being poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I rejoice and share my joy with you all. 1 Thessalonians 3:7-9 (JOY AND AFFLICTION) for this reason, brethren, in all our distress and affliction we were comforted about you through your faith; 8 for now we really live, if you stand firm in the Lord. 9 For what thanks can we render to God for you in return for all the joy with which we rejoice before our God on your account, ENCOURAGING WORDS TO THE CORINTHIANS Paul Apple entitles the following - Outpouring of Deep Emotions 1. Confidence 2. Comfort 3. Joy Great is my confidence (parrhesia) in you - NLT = "I have the highest confidence in you." Even though Paul felt the Corinthians had some hesitancy in fully accepting him in their heart, because of his great heart toward them (and enabled by the Spirit), he expresses great confidence in them. In other words, Paul firmly held to the belief that the Corinthians were still loyal to him. He repeats a similar affirmation in 2Cor 7:16 "I rejoice that in everything I have confidence (parrhesia) in you." Colin Kruse suggests that while Paul believed they were still loyal to him "It only needed to be released from the restrictions brought about by painful past events and the criticisms they had entertained concerning his integrity." (Full text of the Tyndale NT Commentary on 2 Corinthians) Great is my boasting (kauchesis) on your behalf - NLT = "I take great pride in you." If you have confidence in someone, you are then able to boast or express your pride in them and that was Paul's feeling toward the Corinthians. Paul may have written of his great confidence and boasting in view of the good report from Titus (see 2Co 7:6-7) Paul spoke highly of the Corinthians, despite the difficulties he had experienced. Paul had a forbearing spirit (cf Php 4:5+) enabled by the Holy Spirit. P E Hughes - The pride, however, which the Apostle takes in his converts is not that of self-congratulation, but that of joy and gratitude before God because of the manifestation of His saving and transforming grace, even through so unworthy an instrument as himself, in the lives of men and women who previously were in bondage to Satan. Such selfless glorying is characteristic of Paul, not least in this epistle (cf. 7:14; 8:24; 9:2–4; also 1 Thess. 2:19; 2 Thess. 1:4). In contrast to the ministers of Satan (11:15) who had invaded his territory at Corinth, his glorying is always and entirely glorying in the Lord (10:17). (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) William MacDonald may be correct in saying "Probably the particular aspect of their Christian life which evoked sincere commendation from Paul was their willing attitude in connection with the collection for the poor saints in Jerusalem. The apostle will come to that subject directly, but here he only makes a passing allusion to it." (Believer's Bible Commentary) I am filled (pleroo) with comfort (paraklesis) - NLT = "You have greatly encouraged me. " Filled is perfect tense expressing his settled state. While this could be comfort provided by the Comforter, the Spirit, as noted above, in context it reflects the relief and joy he experienced when he heard the report from Titus (see 2Co 7:6-7) G Campbell
2 Coríntios 7
Hughes - Both Chrysostom and Calvin liken the Apostle’s feelings to those experienced by a father: the former to a father who finds regret, not pleasure, in seeing his son suffering pain under the surgeon’s knife, but pleasure, not regret, in the cure that the operation is producing; the latter to a father who is grieved when he finds it necessary to punish his son severely, but none the less approves the action because it is directed towards his son’s welfare. The aptness of this simile is attested by Paul’s earlier statement that his object in writing this stern letter to the Corinthians was that he might have proof of them, whether (like sons) they were obedient in all things (2:9; cf. 6:13). And now that he has received the good news of the beneficial effects of the sorrow he had induced, his regret is replaced by joy and comfort. (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians) For - Paul explains why his regret turned into no regret. I see that that letter caused you sorrow (lupeo) though only for a while - For a while is literally "for an hour (hora)" (a brief period of time). While the letter did have the effect of causing sorrow in the hearts of the Corinthians, the sorrow was short lived. So yes the letter did cause pain, but their painful reaction did not last. Swindoll - From a spiritual perspective, the feelings of guilt, shame, and sadness that accompany a stern rebuke are not meant as a punishment, but as a call to repentance. By receiving the reproof, one opens the inner door of the soul to wisdom. By contrast, an angry reaction of resentment will bolt the door against an opportunity to learn from the experience. (Insights on 1 & 2 Corinthians)
2 Coríntios 7
Hughes - The exclamation “Behold!” with which the Apostle introduces this sentence carries the ring of his exultation and suggests that the Corinthian scene as described by Titus is vividly pictured in his mind. There is no need for him to theorize as it were in the abstract, for in themselves as a Christian community they have practical first-hand knowledge and a compelling illustration of this very thing about which he is speaking, namely, sorrow which is according to God and the worthy fruits which it produces. This is apparent from the notable degree of eager application they have evinced, in contrast to their former carelessness and indifference. And Paul goes on to mention half-a-dozen forms in which this eager application of theirs has manifested itself—exoneration, indignation, fear, longing, zeal, and requital. The repeated “yea what …” before each noun14 powerfully conveys the impression that Paul is at this moment writing in a mood of exalted delight; the news brought by Titus has raised him from the trough of his former apprehensiveness to the crest of a great wave of consolation..(The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) A godly sorrow is a sorrow or grief (ESV - "godly grief") like God has over sin. Paul Apple on earnestness (spoude) - Speedy Resolution (diligence, earnestness, eagerness) “For behold what earnestness this very thing, this godly sorrow, has produced in you” (our English word “speed”) – same word used in Ro 12:11 – “not slothful in business” – I am afraid we are more diligent in doing a good job solving problems at work than we are in addressing reconciliation problems. A genuinely repentant person will quickly seek out reconciliation on his own initiative. He will not treat the situation with careless indifference or ignore the problem (hoping it will go away). There is a need to get busy and be in earnest.
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Hughes - .We cannot be certain of the precise significance in the given circumstances of each of the different aspects of the Corinthians’ response to Paul’s letter listed here, but a consideration of the available data leads us to suggest that they may best be interpreted in the following manner: Clearing of themselves—the Greek noun (apologia) means a defence of oneself in the face of a charge. The Corinthians had been roused to give an account of themselves, whereas previously in their apathy and inactivity it had mattered little to them whether or not they seemed to be guilty of complicity in the wrong that had been committed. (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Paul Apple has an interesting explanation of vindication (apologia) - Reasonable Dialogue (controlled by reason, not by emotion) “what vindication of yourselves” (controlled by reason, not emotion – cf. English word “apology”) – Not compounding the sin or seeking to justify your participation in that sin, but explaining your repentance so that now you stand in a state of innocence – not participating in any of these false charges; not giving them any more of a hearing. Rich Cathers on vindication - It’s clearing your name. Doing what’s necessary to clear the wrong you’ve done. True repentance says “I’m sorry” (AND MEANS IT!) Michael Andrus - Eagerness to clear oneself. They desperately want to free themselves of any blame in the matter, to remove the stigma of their sin and prove themselves once again trustworthy. Sometimes, friends, all that takes is confession and a plea for forgiveness. At other times, however, it may require restitution. If you have stolen someone’s possessions, what good does it do to tell them you’re sorry if you aren’t willing to return what you stole? The important thing is that the Corinthians wanted to make sure that all those who knew of their sin also know of their repentance. Pastor Jim Bomkamp - vindication - Paul writes that the Corinthians’ ‘godly sorrow,’ that had led them to repentance, had produced in them several good results. This is what godly sorrow produces in our lives: It caused them to try to make a ‘vindication’ of themselves. That is, they determined that they were going to make things right. In other words, they saw the error of their way, where they had fallen short and rebelled in their hearts against the Lord, and they determined that they would not let the sun set before they would make proper amends for their actions. Alan Redpath - “Godly sorrow that leads to repentance, therefore, is a sorrow that leads to a change of purpose, of intention, and of action. It is not the sorrow of idle tears; it is not crying by your bedside because once again you have failed; nor is it vain regret, wishing things had never happened, wishing you could live the moments again. No, it is not that. It is a change of purpose and intentions, a change of direction and action.
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Hughes - Indignation (aganaktesis)—with themselves, rather than against the one who had sinned (as Chrysostom, Afford, etc., take it), because of the scandal they had permitted to continue unchecked in the church and the consequent affront to the holy Name of God. This indignation may be equated with the mourning mentioned in 2Co 7:7+ ("your mourning" - odurmos). (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Puritan Thomas Brooks - Indignation (aganaktesis)— It notes the very rising of the stomach with rage, and a being angry unto fretting, fuming, and sickness. Again, it notes the very height of anger and rage. The true penitent is not so exceeding angry with himself for anything—as he is angry with himself for his sins. Indignation here imports the turning of all the passions of the soul wholly against sin. There are no men in the world so hot and angry against themselves for their sins, as penitents are. "Then you will defile your idols overlaid with silver and your images covered with gold; you will throw them away like a menstrual cloth and say to them—Away with you!" Isaiah 30:22KJV. Witness David, Psalm 73:22; witness Ephraim, Hosea 14:8; and witness Paul, Romans 7:22-23. There are none who fret, and fume, and chafe at themselves for sin, as penitent souls do. There are none who loathe themselves, who abhor themselves, and who are weary of themselves, upon the account of their sins—like penitent souls. It is not this thing nor that, nor this enemy nor that, nor this party nor that, nor this design nor that—but sin, which is the main—the grand object of a penitent's hatred, scorn, wrath, rage, reproach, disgrace, and contempt, etc. He who would be angry and sin not, must be angry at nothing but sin. If some men would but spend more of their anger and indignation against their sins, they would not be so angry as they are with their brethren, that in disputable things differ from them.(A Cabinet of Choice Jewels) MacArthur Study Bible - indignation. Often associated with righteous indignation and holy anger. Repentance leads to anger over one's sin and displeasure at the shame it has brought on the Lord's name and His people. While godly sorrow includes indignation or a "holy hatred" of our sin, it is important to realize that we are not to stayed mired in the memory of our sin against God. When we confess our sins God "is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (1Jn 1:9+). Psalm 103:12 says "As far as the east is from the west, so far has He removed our transgressions from us." Micah asks "Who is a God like You, Who pardons iniquity And passes over the rebellious act of the remnant of His possession? He does not retain His anger forever, Because He delights in unchanging love. He will again have compassion on us; He will tread our iniquities under foot. Yes, You will cast all their sins Into the depths of the sea." (Micah 7:18-19+) In Philippians Paul gives us "marching orders" when we have confessed and repented of past sins writing "forgetting what lies behind and reaching forward to what lies ahead, I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus." (Php 3:13-14+) Their sorrow for their sin was not a ball and chain that they were dragging along constantly. Rather, they were forgiven, cleansed by God of all unrighteousness, and now they were filled with the joy of the Lord. --Jim Bomkamp Puritan writer Thomas Watson (see full article including index to his 4 part series below - see especially his list of 20 characteristics of sin! Also see his "Choice Excerpts" from the 4 sections) expands on mindset that follows indignation in his section entitled "Comfort for the Repenting Sinner. Let me in the next place speak by way of comfort. Christian, has God given you a repenting heart? Know these three things for your everlasting comfort: 1. Your sins are pardoned. Pardon of sin brings blessedness within it. (Psalm 32:1). Whom God pardons—he crowns. "Who forgives all your iniquities, who crowns you with loving-kindness" (Psalm 103:34). A repenting condition is a pardoned condition. Christ said to that weeping woman, "Your sins, which are many—are forgiven" (Luke 7:47+). Pardons are sealed upon soft hearts. O you whose head has been a fountain to weep for sin—Christ's side will be a fountain to wash away sin! (Zech. 13:1). Have you repented? God looks upon you as if you had not offended. He becomes a Friend, a Father. He will now bring forth the best robe and put it on you (Lk 15:22+). God is pacified towards you and will, with the father of the prodigal, fall upon your neck and kiss you (Lk 15:20+). Sin in scripture is compared to a cloud (Is. 44:22). No sooner is this cloud scattered by repentance, than pardoning love shines forth. Paul, after his repentance, obtained mercy, (1Ti 1:16). When a spring of repentance is open in the heart— a spring of mercy is open in heaven! 2. God will pass an act of oblivion. He so forgives sin as he forgets. "I will remember their sin no more" (Jer. 31:34+). Have you been penitentially humbled? The Lord will never upbraid you with your former sins. After Peter wept we never read that Christ upbraided him, with his denial of Him. God has cast your sins into the depths of the sea (Micah 7:19+). How? Not as cork—but as lead. The Lord will never in a judicial way account for them. When He pardons, God is as a creditor that blots the debt out of his book (Isaiah 43:25). Some ask the question, whether the sins of the godly shall be mentioned at the last day. The Lord said he will not remember them, and he is blotting them out, so if their sins are mentioned, it shall not be to their harm, for the debt-book is crossed out. (ED: IF THIS DOES NOT CAUSE YOU TO SHOUT "HALLELUJAH! THANK YOU JESUS" I DON'T KNOW WHAT WILL!) 3. Conscience will now speak peace. O the music of a clean conscience! Conscience is turned into a paradise, and there a Christian sweetly solaces himself and plucks the flowers of joy (2Co 1:12+). The repenting sinner can go to God with boldness in prayer, and look upon Him not as a judge—but as a Father. He is "born of God" and is heir to a kingdom (Luke 6:20+). He is encircled with promises. He no sooner shakes the tree of the promise, but some fruit falls (cf 2Co 1:20+, 2Pe 1:4+). To conclude, the true penitent may look on death with comfort. His life has been a life of tears—and now at death all tears shall be wiped away! Death shall not be a destruction—but a deliverance from jail. Thus you see what great comfort remains for repenting sinners. Luther said that before his conversion he could not endure that bitter word "repentance"—but afterwards he found much sweetness in it. Wayne
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Hughes - Fear—not so much of God here (though that was undoubtedly present) as of Paul, lest with the authority divinely delegated to him he should come to them “with a rod” (1 Cor. 4:21) as the messenger of God’s judgment.(The Second Epistle to the Corinthians)
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Hughes - Longing—(as in 2Co 7:7+) to be reunited with him who had brought the gospel to them, to welcome him as their own genuine apostle, and to see the restoration of their former relationship of trust and affection..(The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Paul Apple Longing (to see the offended party) – “what longing” They wanted to meet personally to set things right and to make sure that the problem is behind them; not avoiding or despising the offended party.
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Hughes - Zeal —(again as in 2Co 7:7) for Paul, for the honouring of his apostolic authority and the repudiation of those intruders who had sought to usurp his authority, and for the imitation of his example in assiduously applying themselves to the cause of Christ. (The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Michael Andrus - They had become zealous for holiness and righteousness. MacArthur Study Bible - zeal. This refers to loving someone or something so much that one hates anyone or anything that harms the object of this love
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Hughes - Avenging—or, better, requital, that is, seeing that justice is done by bringing the guilty person to book and subjecting him to ecclesiastical discipline, and thus putting their house in order (cf. 1 Cor. 5:5, 13+).(The Second Epistle to the Corinthians ) Michael Andrus - Truly repentant people have a strong desire to see justice done and to make restitution for the wrongs they have done. Instead of being defensive of their behavior, they openly accept the consequences of their sins. I can’t help but think of Chuck Colson here. Compare his actions and attitudes after the Watergate scandal blew wide open to those of his boss, Richard Nixon. And compare the effectiveness of both of their lives following the revelation of their crimes. MacArthur Study Bible - avenging of wrong. This refers to the desire to see justice done. The repentant sinner no longer tries to protect himself; he wants to see the sin avenged no matter what it might cost him. Bob