1 Coríntios 16
Kenneth Wuest · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 16
Wuest - that you yourselves also put yourselves under the leadership of such as these and everyone who works with us and labors to the point of exhaustion. that you also: Eph 5:21 Heb 13:17 1Pe 5:5 be in subjection to such men: 1Co 12:28 1Ch 12:18 Ro 16:3,9 Php 4:3 3Jn 1:8 and labors.: 1Co 3:9 Ro 16:6,12 1Th 1:3 2:9 5:12 1Ti 5:17 Heb 6:10 Rev 2:3 1 Corinthians 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Ephesians 5:21+ and (present tense - continually) be subject to one another in the fear of Christ. Hebrews 13:17+ Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account. Let them do this with joy and not with grief, for this would be unprofitable for you. 1 Peter 5:5+ You younger men, likewise, be subject (aorist imperative) to your elders; and all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, for GOD IS OPPOSED TO THE PROUD, BUT GIVES GRACE TO THE HUMBLE. 1 Th 5:12-13 But we request of you, brethren, that you appreciate those who diligently labor among you, and have charge over you in the Lord and give you instruction, 13 and that you esteem them very highly in love because of their work. Live in peace with one another. SUBJECTION TO GODLY LEADERS Here Paul continues the exhortation he began in 1 Cor 16:15. Swindoll adds that "The first four commands (16:13) sound like abrupt orders shouted by a platoon commander on a battlefield: Wake up! Stand firm! Be a man! Be strong! If we stopped reading there, we might think Paul was urging us to grit our teeth, square our jaws, puff out our chests, and take on the world with a militant, combative demeanor. The next imperative, however, puts everything in perspective: Do everything in love. (Swindoll's Living Insights New Testament Commentary – 1 & 2 Corinthians) That (hina) Purpose clause. You also (present tense - continually) be in subjection to such men (as Stephanas) - Wuest - "put yourselves under the leadership of such as these (household of Stephanas - 1 Cor 16:15)." Amplified - "pay all deference to such leaders" where deference refers to the respect and esteem due one's superior. Be in subjection is in the passive voice with a middle sense which signifies the voluntary subjection of oneself to the will of another. This is quite a challenging exhortation to the Corinthians who Paul has repeatedly described as arrogant (1 Cor 4:6-8+, 1 Cor 4:18, 19+, 1 Cor 5:2, 6+, 1 Cor 8:1+)! Robertson and Plummer - That ye also be in subjection to such men as these’—to such excellent Christians.....They have taken the lead in good works; do you also follow such leadership.’ (Critical and Exegetical Commentary) A T
1 Coríntios 16
Wuest - "because that which was lacking on your part, these filled up." Amplified - "for they have made up for your absence." What was lacking? In context these three men provided spiritual refreshment! THOUGHT - Does your (my) arrival on the scene or presence bring spiritual refreshment to your (my) brethren? Are you a "son of encouragement" or a "son of discouragement?" Have supplied (fulfill, complete, made up) (378) anapleroo from aná = up or as an emphatic + pleroo = to fill) means to fill up, spoken of a measure. Anapleroo means the making up of what is lacking to perfect fulness. Anapleroo is the filling of a partial void. In this context it speaks of filling or taking someone's place replace, make up for someone's absence. Matt. 13:14; 1 Co. 14:16; 1 Co. 16:17; Gal. 6:2; Phil. 2:30; 1 Th. 2:16 Lacking (5303)(husterema) is that which is comes behind, that which is left or that which is deficient. The root verb hustereo pictures someone in a company marching together with others who march faster than he can. He cannot keep up, so he falls behind (he is "lacks" in the sense he cannot keep up). Summary of husterema - (a) the lack of what is needed or desirable, frequently in contrast to abundance (need, want, shortcoming, deficiency, poverty, destitution - Lk 21:4) (b) a defect that must be removed so that perfection can be attained = lack, shortcoming (1Th 3:10+) (c) With a person as the object = absence, not being present (1Cor 16.17) Vine denotes (a) “that which is lacking, deficiency, shortcoming” (akin to hustereo, “to be behind, in want”), 1Cor. 16:17; Phil. 2:30; Col. 1:24, rv, “that which is lacking” [kjv, “that which is behind” (of the afflictions of Christ)], where the reference is not to the vicarious sufferings of Christ but to those which He endured previously, and those which must be endured by His faithful servants; 1Th 3:10, where “that which is lacking” means that which Paul had not been able to impart to them, owing to the interruption of his spiritual instruction among them; (b) “need, want, poverty,” Luke 21:4, rv, “want” (kjv, “penury”); 2 Cor. 8:14 (twice) “want;” 9:12, “wants” (kjv, “want”); 11:9, rv, “(the measure of my) want” [kjv, “that which was lacking (to me)”]. (Vine's Expository Dictionary) Husterema - 8v in NT - Lk. 21:4; 1 Co. 16:17; 2 Co. 8:14; 2 Co. 9:12; 2 Co. 11:9; Php 2:30; Col. 1:24; 1 Th 3:10. Uses in Septuagint - Jdg. 18:10; Jdg. 19:19; Jdg. 19:20; Ezra 6:9; Ps. 34:9; Eccl. 1:15 1 Corinthians 16:18 For they have refreshed my spirit and yours. Therefore acknowledge such men. Amplified - For they gave me respite from labor and rested me and refreshed my spirit as well as yours. Deeply appreciate and thoroughly know and fully recognize such men. they: Pr 25:13,25 Ro 15:32 2Co 7:6,7,13 Php 2:28 Col 4:8 1Th 3:6,7 3Jn 1:4 therefore: 1Th 5:12 Php 2:29 Heb 13:7 3Jn 1:11,12 1 Corinthians 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries For (gar) term of explanation. Paul explains what Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus "supplied." Robertson and Plummer add that Paul is "explaining how these three men were sufficiently representative of the Corinthian Church. It was a great comfort to him to learn from their delegates how anxious they were for his direction and advice (referring to the letter they wrote - 1 Cor 7:1), and to have their assurance about matters which had greatly disturbed him respecting his ‘brothers’ in Corinth." (Critical and Exegetical Commentary) They have refreshed (greatly encouraged, comforted) my spirit and yours - These three men ministered to Paul's needs. The phrase and yours means they had had the same effect on the saints at Corinth These were good men to be around! May their tribe increase! These men were true imitators of their Lord, for they did the very thing which Jesus Himself promised declaring "Come to Me, all who are weary and heavy-laden, and I will give you rest (anapauo)." (Mt 11:28+) THOUGHT God uses men to refresh the spirits of other men, so this begs the question "Am I generally a "refresher" or do I tend to be a "depleter"?" Spirit filled, Word filled/centered men (and women) are the only ones who can consistently be "refreshers." Refresh (373) anapauo from ana = again, back, or even as intensifying the meaning of the verb + pauo = to cease or give rest) means to cause someone to gain relief (by resting), refreshment, intermission from toil. to give intermission from labor. The idea of spiritual rest is also seen in the refreshment (refresh in English = to restore or give new strength or energy to, to invigorate, to relieve after fatigue, to reanimate after depression, to revive what is drooping, to restore or maintain by renewing supply) in one's life by other believers (1Co 16:17, 18, 2Co 7:13, Philemon 1:7, 20). "The verb is a technical term of agriculture, to rest land by sowing light crops upon it. Vine has an interesting comment on Stephanas and Fortunatus and Achaicus - they relieved Paul of anxiety by the news from Corinth, and relieved the Corinthian assembly from fear of being misrepresented to Paul. Underneath the divisions in the assembly there was a united loyalty to the apostle. (Collected Writings) Therefore - Term of conclusion. In light of their refreshing impact. Acknowledge (recognize the value of) such men (for what they are) - NIV = "Such men deserve recognition." ESV = "Give recognition to such people." Acknowledge is in the present imperative calling for the Corinthians to continually recognize these men. They deserve generous recognition. Recognize them for who they are, faithful, godly workers for the Lord. Robertson and Plummer - ‘Such services as theirs ought to meet with a generous recognition. They have undertaken a long and perilous journey on your behalf, and they have brought great relief and refreshment to me as well as to you.’ (Critical and Exegetical Commentary) Acknowledge (recognize) (1921) epiginosko from epí means upon but is used here to intensify the force of the following verb + ginosko = to know) (See related noun epignosis) means to know fully, to know with certainty, to become thoroughly acquainted with or to know thoroughly, exactly, fully, or completely. Epiginosko means to possess more or less definite information about, and can imply a degree of thoroughness. It speaks of full or added knowledge. To be fully acquainted in a discerning, recognizing manner. (e.g., 1Co 13:12 twice uses "fully known," Lk 1:4; Col 1:6; 2Cor 6:9, et al) To ascertain (find out with certainty) (Acts 23:28, 24:8). To recognize a thing to be what it really is. Related Resource: Is a home church a true biblical church? | GotQuestions.org What is the simple church movement? Is it biblical? | GotQuestions.org 1 Corinthians 16:19 The churches of Asia greet you. Aquila and Prisca greet you heartily in the Lord, with the church that is in their house. churches: Ac 19:10 1Pe 1:1 Rev 1:11 Aquila: Ac 18:2,18,26 Ro 16:3,4 2Ti 4:19, Prisca the church: Ro 16:5,15 Col 4:15 Phm 1:2 1 Corinthians 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries PAUL'S CONCLUDING REMARKS Robertson and Plummer summarize this last section - Solemn conclusion to the Epistle with Salutations, Warning, and Benediction. The collective salutations are in three groups. First, those of all the Churches in the proconsular province of Asia, with which St Paul was constantly in touch. Then, from Ephesus in particular, a specially affectionate one from Prisca and Aquila and their household; and finally, a more general one from all the Christians in Ephesus. To these, with his own hand, St Paul adds his own personal salutation, with a farewell warning and blessing. (Critical and Exegetical Commentary) The churches (ekklesia) (in the province) of Asia (see map) greet you - Vine - the Province of Asia, with Ephesus the capital and the neighboring cities. Cp. Acts 19:10, 26. (Collected Writings) Aquila and Prisca greet you heartily (warmly) in the Lord, with the church that is in their house - Heartily in the Lord "add to the impressiveness of the salutation: it is sent in a devout spirit of fellowship in Christ, and in affectionate earnestness....In the Lord speaks of the sphere or element in which anything exists or takes place, is frequent in all groups of the Pauline Epistles." (R & P) This speaks of the hospitality that was an integral component of the early Christianity. Robertson and Plummer - Prisca would hardly be mentioned as well as her husband, if she were not a prominent Christian; and this prominence is still more marked in Rom. 16:3 and 2 Tim. 4:19. “Plainly the woman was the leading figure of the two, so far as regards Christian activity at least. She was a fellow-labourer of St Paul, i.e. a missionary, and she could not take part in missionary work or in teaching, unless she had been inspired and set apart by the Spirit. Otherwise, St Paul would not have recognized her. (Critical and Exegetical Commentary) Vine on Aquila and Prisca - they came from Corinth with Paul to Ephesus; see Acts 18:2, 11, 18; for the assembly in their house, cp. Romans 16:5, and cp. 2 Timothy 4:19, when they were again at Ephesus (Collected Writings) Greet (salute, embrace, take leave, pay respects) (782) aspazomai rom a + spao = draw out as a sword, pull, breathe) means to enfold in arms, to welcome, to embrace. To salute one (not in a military sense), greet, bid, wish well to. In classical literature aspazomai can also be used of physical expressions of welcome, such as “embrace” and “kiss.” Question - Who were Priscilla and Aquila? Answer - The story of these two friends of the apostle Paul is told in Acts 18. Aquila, a Jewish Christian, and his wife, Priscilla, first met Paul in Corinth, became good friends of his, and shared in his work. These two remarkable people belong in the pantheon of Christian heroes, and their ministry is both an encouragement and an example for us. When we first meet Aquila and Priscilla, we are told that they had come to Corinth from Italy as victims of Roman persecution, not for their Christian faith but because Aquila was a Jew. The Emperor Claudius expelled all Jews from Rome, and no doubt Jews deemed it unsafe to remain in any part of Italy. Aquila and Priscilla found their way to Corinth and settled there, pursuing their trade as tentmakers. When Paul, a tentmaker himself, came to Corinth, he went to see them, no doubt having heard of their faith in Christ. Paul lived and worked with them while founding the Corinthian church. After a year and a half, Paul left for Ephesus and took Aquila and Priscilla with him. The couple stayed in Ephesus when Paul left and established a church in their home (1 Corinthians 16:19). Then an eloquent preacher named Apollos came through Ephesus. Apollos was mighty in the Scriptures, but he only knew the baptism of John. This means Apollos knew Christ had come and fulfilled John’s prophecies, but he didn’t know the significance of Christ’s death and resurrection, the ministry of the indwelling Holy Spirit, or the mystery of the church containing both Jews and Gentiles. Priscilla and her husband took Apollos aside and explained these things to him (Acts 18:24-26). Both Aquila and Priscilla possessed an in-depth understanding of doctrine learned from Paul, and this husband and wife team was able to pass it on to another Christian and build him up in the faith. These two remarkable people set an example for us of hospitality, seen in opening their home to Paul and using their house as a meeting place for the church. We are also impressed by their passion for Christ and their hunger for knowledge of Him. Another hallmark of the lives of Priscilla and Aquila is their desire to build others in the faith. Paul’s last reference to them is in his last letter. Paul was imprisoned in Rome and writing to Timothy one last time. Timothy was pastoring the church at Ephesus, and Aquila and Priscilla are there with him, still faithfully ministering (2 Timothy 4:19). To the end, Aquila and Priscilla were offering hospitality to other Christians, spreading the gospel they had learned from Paul, and rendering faithful service to the Master. GotQuestions.org QUESTION - What does the Bible say about hospitality? ANSWER Hospitality can be defined as “the quality or disposition of receiving and treating guests and strangers in a warm, friendly, generous way.” In the New Testament, the Greek word translated “hospitality” literally means “love of strangers.” Hospitality is a virtue that is both commanded and commended throughout Scripture. In the Old Testament, it was specifically commanded by God: “When an alien lives with you in your land, do not mistreat him. The alien living with you must be treated as one of your native-born. Love him as yourself, for you were aliens in Egypt” (Leviticus 19:33-34, emphasis added). During His public ministry, Jesus and His disciples depended entirely on the hospitality of others as they ministered from town to town (Matthew 10:9-10). Likewise, the early Christians also depended on and received hospitality from others (Acts 2:44-45; 28:7). In fact, travelers in ancient times depended heavily on the hospitality of strangers as traveling could be dangerous and there were very few inns, and poor Christians could not afford to stay at them, anyway. This generous provision to strangers also included opening one’s home for church services. Hospitality was indeed a highly regarded virtue in ancient times, especially for Christian leaders (Titus 1:8; 1 Timothy 3:2). The writer of Hebrews reminds us not to forget to “entertain strangers, for by so doing some people have entertained angels without knowing it” (Hebrews 13:2). Indeed, in the book of Genesis we read of Abraham’s humble and generous display of hospitality to three strangers. Wealthy and aged, Abraham could have called on one of his many servants to tend to the three unannounced visitors. Yet the hospitable and righteous Abraham generously gave them the best he had. And, as it turned out, he had entertained the Lord and two angels (Genesis 18:1-8). Christians are “God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works” (Ephesians 2:10). As followers of Christ, we emulate His love and compassion when we show hospitality, not only to fellow Christians, but even more so to strangers and the less fortunate. In fact, we honor God when we are kind to the needy (Proverbs 14:31; 19:17). As Jesus said, “When you give a banquet, invite the poor, the crippled, the lame, the blind, and you will be blessed” (Luke 14:13). Christ also taught us the second greatest commandment, to “love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:39), and the Parable of the Good Samaritan teaches us that “neighbor” has nothing to do with geography, citizenship, or race. Wherever and whenever people need us, there we can be neighbors and, like Christ, show mercy. This is the essence of hospitality. In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus discusses the hospitable behavior of those who will inherit the kingdom: “For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me” (Matthew 25:34-36). In these days we often don’t think much about entertaining strangers, but hospitality is still an important part of Christian ministry (Romans 12:13; 1 Peter 4:9). By serving others we serve Christ (Matthew 25:40) and we promote the spread of God’s truth (3 John 5-8). GotQuestions.org 1 Corinthians 16:20 All the brethren greet you. Greet one another with a holy kiss. the brethren: Ro 16:16,21,23 2Co 13:13 Php 4:22 Phm 1:23,24 Heb 13:24 Greet: 2Co 13:12 1Th 5:26 1Pe 5:14 1 Corinthians 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries GREETING WITH A HOLY KISS All the brethren (adelphos) greet (aspazomai - salute) you. Greet (aspazomai) one another with a holy (hagios) kiss - All refers to all the members of the Church in Ephesus. Holy speaks of the spiritual character of this sign of brotherly love. It is not emotional. John