Oséias 5
John Phillips · Citado em PreceptAustin
Oséias 5
Phillips writes that "When at last they say, "We will," God will say, "No you won't." When the Israelites have sinned away the day of grace, they will bring flocks and herds for sacrifice in a last desperate move to avert their doom, but God will no longer be available. When He has knocked and knocked, and called and called in vain, He will go away." The Israelites should have known what would happen, for they knew that God had withdrawn himself from King Saul. Saul sinned against God with a high hand, but the time came when he desperately needed God. However, no message came to him from God. Samuel was dead. David knew God and wrote Psalms, but Saul had driven him away. God had abandoned Saul. No more terrible state of soul can be imagined. In desperation he resorted to witchcraft—finding the door of Heaven barred, he went down and knocked at the door of Hell. God opened that door and let Saul fall through it into the darkness on the other side. (Ibid) He has withdrawn from them - They were two-faced hypocrites. They wanted a "touch" of God, but they wanted to continue to caress their empty idols! God's holiness precludes Him fellowshipping with duplicitous men! THOUGHT - How is your worship on Sunday? Are you "bringing the flocks and herds" to God on Sunday but living like the devil Monday - Saturday? Then don't be surprised when you do not feel close to God and/or when you begin to experience His hand of chastisement (assuming you are really a "son" - see Hebrews 12:5-11+). NET Note - “the LORD”; the phrase “the favor of” does not appear in Hebrew here, but is supplied for the sake of clarity. It is implied by the metonymical (cause-effect) reference to the LORD, the source of favor and forgiveness. Hosea 5:7 They have dealt treacherously against the LORD, For they have borne illegitimate children. Now the new moon will devour them with their land. BGT Hosea 5:7 ὅτι τὸν κύριον ἐγκατέλιπον ὅτι τέκνα ἀλλότρια ἐγεννήθησαν αὐτοῖς νῦν καταφάγεται αὐτοὺς ἡ ἐρυσίβη καὶ τοὺς κλήρους αὐτῶν NET Hosea 5:7 They have committed treason against the LORD, because they bore illegitimate children. Soon the new moon festival will devour them and their fields. LXE Hosea 5:7 For they have forsaken the Lord; for strange children have been born to them: now shall the cankerworm devour them and their heritages. NLT Hosea 5:7 They have betrayed the honor of the LORD, bearing children that are not his. Now their false religion will devour them along with their wealth. KJV Hosea 5:7 They have dealt treacherously against the LORD: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions. ESV Hosea 5:7 They have dealt faithlessly with the LORD; for they have borne alien children. Now the new moon shall devour them with their fields. CSB Hosea 5:7 They betrayed the LORD; indeed, they gave birth to illegitimate children. Now the New Moon will devour them along with their fields. NIV Hosea 5:7 They are unfaithful to the LORD; they give birth to illegitimate children. Now their New Moon festivals will devour them and their fields. They have dealt treacherously against the LORD - Ho 6:7 Isa 48:8 59:13 Jer 3:20 5:11 For they have borne illegitimate childrenNe 13:23,24 Ps 144:7,11 Mal 2:11-15 Now the new moon : Eze 12:28 Zec 11:8 They have dealt treacherously against the LORD - NRSV “dealt faithlessly”; NLT “betrayed the honor of.” Israel was called by God as His wife, by covenant, but she broke the covenant and abandoned Him (just like Gomer had done to Hosea). Hos 6:7 But like Adam they have transgressed the covenant; There they have dealt treacherously (bagad) against Me. Jer 3:20 “Surely, as a woman treacherously departs (bagad) from her lover, So you have dealt treacherously with Me, O house of Israel,” declares the LORD. Malachi 2:14+ Yet you say, ‘For what reason?’ Because the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have dealt treacherously (bagad) , though she is your companion and your wife by covenant. Dealt treacherously (0898)(bagad apparently from an Arabic root meaning to deceive) means to act deceitfully, unfaithfully, to commit faithlessness.. This word describes a traitor, one who violates his allegiance and betrays something or someone (e.g., God). Bagad means to ‘break faith’ which speaks of one who does not honour the terms of an existing agreement. The root idea of bagad is to cover or cloak things over, and so to act covertly or falsely, perfidiously (acting untrue to what should command one’s fidelity or allegiance and adds to faithless the implication of an incapacity for fidelity or reliability!). "The verb connotes unfaithfulness in relationships like marriage (Ex. 21:8; Jer. 3:20; Mal. 2:14); Israel’s covenant with the Lord (Ps. 78:57; 119:158); friendships (Job 6:15; Jer. 3:20; Mal. 2:10); leadership (Jdg. 9:23). The Septuagint translates bagad in this passage with the verb egkataleipo (en = in + kataleipo = forsake, desert) means literally to leave down in and conveys the sense of deserting someone, to let one down, to abandon. For they have borne illegitimate children - This actually could have a literal as well as spiritual aspect. The literal would be the birth of children to temple prostitutes as a result of their perverted, idolatrous "worship." "Strange" children (see zur below). In short they failed miserably to heed the call of Moses to raise up children who wold learn to fear (reverentially) Jehovah. In fact, they seem to have even forgotten the purpose of the Shema! Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! 5 “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. 6 “These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. 7 “You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. (Dt 6:4-7) Illegitimate (02114)(zur) means to turn aside, to depart, to be crooked, to be perverse, to be devious. To go the wrong way. Baker says "It indicates what a person or nation trusts in. In context it indicates guile, deviousness, etc. found in political alliances with Egypt rather than trust in God’s word (Isa. 30:12). The wicked and perverse follow a path of perversity, crookedness, deviousness (Pr. 2:15; 3:32), and the Lord abhors them. Their way of crookedness shows that they despise and reject the Lord (Pr. 14:2). In two passages, it has the sense of losing sight of something or of something being lost sight of (Pr. 3:21; 4:21)." Now the new moon will devour them with their land. - NLT paraphrases it fairly accurately "Now their false religion will devour them along with their wealth." These were the monthly sacrifices which in their case clearly were utter hypocrisy and clearly not blessed by Jehovah! In fact this verse says just the converse - their hypocritical worship would bring about the ruin of people and fields alike. NET Note on now - The particle עַתָּה (’attah) often refers to the imminent or the impending future: “very soon” (BDB 774 s.v. עַתָּה 1.b). In Hosea it normally introduces imminent judgment (Hos 2:12; 4:16; 5:7; 8:8, 13; 10:2). Chisholm adds that "The fields, for which they sought fertility through Baal worship, would be destroyed by drought, blight, and insects, and would be overrun by invading armies (cf. Lev. 26:16, 19-20; Deut. 28:17, 22-24, 33, 38-42, 51)." (BKC) Hosea 5:8 Blow the horn in Gibeah, The trumpet in Ramah. Sound an alarm at Beth-aven: "Behind you, Benjamin!" BGT Hosea 5:8 σαλπίσατε σάλπιγγι ἐπὶ τοὺς βουνούς ἠχήσατε ἐπὶ τῶν ὑψηλῶν κηρύξατε ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ων ἐξέστη Βενιαμιν (Hos 5:8 BGT) NET Hosea 5:8 Blow the ram's horn in Gibeah! Sound the trumpet in Ramah! Sound the alarm in Beth Aven! Tremble in fear, O Benjamin! LXE Hosea 5:8 Blow ye the trumpet on the hills, sound aloud on the heights: proclaim in the house of On, Benjamin is amazed. NLT Hosea 5:8 "Sound the alarm in Gibeah! Blow the trumpet in Ramah! Raise the battle cry in Beth-aven! Lead on into battle, O warriors of Benjamin! KJV Hosea 5:8 Blow ye the cornet in Gibeah, and the trumpet in Ramah: cry aloud at Bethaven, after thee, O Benjamin. ESV Hosea 5:8 Blow the horn in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah. Sound the alarm at Beth-aven; we follow you, O Benjamin! CSB Hosea 5:8 Blow the horn in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah; raise the war cry in Beth-aven: After you, Benjamin! NIV Hosea 5:8 "Sound the trumpet in Gibeah, the horn in Ramah. Raise the battle cry in Beth Aven; lead on, O Benjamin. Blow the horn : Ho 8:1 Jer 4:5 6:1 Joe 2:1,15 Gibeah: Ho 9:9 10:9 Jud 19:12-15 20:4-6 1Sa 15:34 2Sa 21:6 Isa 10:29 Ramah: 1Sa 7:17 8:4 15:34 Bethaven: Ho 4:15 10:5,8 Jos 7:2 1Ki 12:29 Behind you, Benjamin: Jdg 5:14 BLOW THE SHOFAR FOR THE DAY OF DESTRUCTION The Shofar blasts (listen to what it must have sounded like) would soon be heard in Israel as the invading Assyrians swept down to the southern edge of the Northern Kingdom (thus the towns mentioned - see below). This sound would have surely struck fear in the hearts of the hearers! Blow the horn in Gibeah, The trumpet in Ramah - Gibeah and Ramah were cities of the land of Benjamin, and served as as strategic points on Judah's northern border. Sound an alarm at Beth-aven - Beth-aven is probably the reference to Bethel (see comments Hos 4:15) which was on the southern edge of Israel (Northern 10 Tribes). The evil day and destruction are now vividly pictured as actually having come. All is in confusion, hurry, alarm, because the enemy was in the midst of them. The ram’s horn was to be blown as the alarm when the enemy was at hand. The trumpet was especially used for the worship of God. Gibeah and Ramah were cities of Benjamin on the borders of Ephraim where the enemy, who had possessed himself of Israel, would burst in upon Judah.. "Behind you, Benjamin!" - NET = "Tremble in fear, O Benjamin!" NET Note on behind you - The MT reads the anomalous אַחֲרֶיךָ בִּנְיָמִין (’akharekha binyamin, “behind you, O Benjamin”), a reading followed by many English versions. The LXX reads ἐξέστη (exestē) which might reflect an alternate textual tradition of הַחֲרִדוּ בִּנְיָמִין (hakharidu binyamin, “Tremble in fear, O Benjamin”); the verb form would be a Hiphil imperative 2nd person masculine plural from חָרַד (kharad, “to tremble, be terrified”; BDB 353 s.v. חָרַד). For discussion of this textual problem, see D. Barthélemy, e.d., Preliminary and Interim Report on the Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, 5:236. Hosea 5:9 Ephraim will become a desolation in the day of rebuke; Among the tribes of Israel I declare what is sure. BGT Hosea 5:9 Εφραιμ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἐγένετο ἐν ἡμέραις ἐλέγχου ἐν ταῖς φυλαῖς τοῦ Ισραηλ ἔδειξα πιστά NET Hosea 5:9 Ephraim will be ruined in the day of judgment! What I am declaring to the tribes of Israel will certainly take place! LXE Hosea 5:9 Ephraim has come to nought in the days of reproof: in the tribes of Israel I have shown faithful dealings. NLT Hosea 5:9 One thing is certain, Israel: On your day of punishment, you will become a heap of rubble. KJV Hosea 5:9 Ephraim shall be desolate in the day of rebuke: among the tribes of Israel have I made known that which shall surely be. ESV Hosea 5:9 Ephraim shall become a desolation in the day of punishment; among the tribes of Israel I make known what is sure. CSB Hosea 5:9 Ephraim will become a desolation on the day of punishment; I announce what is certain among the tribes of Israel. NIV Hosea 5:9 Ephraim will be laid waste on the day of reckoning. Among the tribes of Israel I proclaim what is certain. Ephraim will become a desolation: Ho 5:12,14 Hos 8:8 Hos 9:11-17 Hos 11:5,6 Hos 13:1-3,15,16 Job 12:14 Isa 28:1-4 Am 3:14,15 Amos 7:9,17 Among the tribes of Israel I declare what is sure: Isa 46:10 Isa 48:3,5 Am 3:7 Zec 1:6 Joh 16:4 DESOLATION IS COMPLETE AND CERTAIN Ephraim will become a desolation in the day of rebuke - NLT “day of punishment.” Ephraim was not taken away for a time; it was never restored. Desolation had been promised for disobedience... I will make the land desolate so that your enemies who settle in it will be appalled over it. (Lev. 26:32) Among the tribes of Israel I declare what is sure - God promised it. That settled it. It was as good as done (which is what happened some 30 years later). NET Note on declare (yada) - The verb הוֹדַעְתִּי (hoda’ti, Hiphil perfect 1st person common singular from יָדַע, yada’; Qal “to know,” Hiphil “to make known, declare”) here functions as (1) an instantaneous perfect, representing an action being performed at the same instant that the speaker utters the statement (e.g., Gen 14:22; Deut 8:19; 26:3; 2 Sam 17:11; 19:30; P s 143:6); or (2) an epistolary perfect, representing a situation in past time from the viewpoint of the recipient of the message but in present time from the viewpoint of the writer (e.g., 1 Kgs 15:19; 2 Chr 2:12). For functions of the perfect tense (suffix-conjugation), see IBHS 486–90 §30.5.1. NET Note on what is sure - The substantival use of the Niphal participle נֶאֱמָנָה (ne’emanah, “that which is sure”) refers to an event that will occur in the future (BDB 52 s.v. אָמַן 2). Hosea 5:10 The princes of Judah have become like those who move a boundary; On them I will pour out My wrath like water. BGT Hosea 5:10 ἐγένοντο οἱ ἄρχοντες Ιουδα ὡς μετατιθέντες ὅρια ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ἐκχεῶ ὡς ὕδωρ τὸ ὅρμημά μου (Hos 5:10 BGT) NET Hosea 5:10 The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary markers. I will pour out my rage on them like a torrential flood! LXE Hosea 5:10 The princes of Juda became as they that removed the bounds: I will pour out upon them my fury as water. NLT Hosea 5:10 "The leaders of Judah have become like thieves. So I will pour my anger on them like a waterfall. KJV Hosea 5:10 The princes of Judah were like them that remove the bound: therefore I will pour out my wrath upon them like water. ESV Hosea 5:10 The princes of Judah have become like those who move the landmark; upon them I will pour out my wrath like water. CSB Hosea 5:10 The princes of Judah are like those who move boundary markers; I will pour out My fury on them like water. NIV Hosea 5:10 Judah's leaders are like those who move boundary stones. I will pour out my wrath on them like a flood of water. The princes of Judah: Ho 5:5 like those who move a boundary: Dt 19:14 Dt 27:17 2Ki 16:7-9 2Ch 28:16-22 Pr 17:14 22:28 I will pour out My wrath like water: Ps 32:6 88:17 93:3,4 Mt 7:27 Lu 6:49 THE REASON FOR THE COMING DESOLATION The princes of Judah have become like those who move a boundary - This was tantamount to stealing property from neighbors. Moses warns against moving boundaries (or boundary stones - something that could be done stealthily at night!) - it is forbidden and if you do it you are cursed! Deuteronomy 19:14 “You shall not move your neighbor’s boundary mark, which the ancestors have set, in your inheritance which you will inherit in the land that the LORD your God gives you to possess. Deuteronomy 27:17 ‘Cursed is he who moves his neighbor’s boundary mark.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ Notice the phrase "have become like those" so this is a comparison -- they were necessarily moving boundary stones (although that may have been going on also), but the point is that princes (leaders) of Judah were in effect moving the spiritual boundaries (so to speak) that had been established by God. As Wood says they were "changing the boundary between right and wrong, between true and false religion, between the true God and the idols." (Ibid) Chisholm explains that "The act was tantamount to theft as it obscured the legal boundary between properties and was a way of taking some land that belonged to another. Perhaps this particular crime was cited in order to allude to the acts of social injustice being carried out by the Judean upper class (cf. Isa. 5:8; Micah 2:1-2). (The Bible Knowledge Commentary) On them I will pour out My wrath like water - Water in Israel normally would be refreshing, but here the metaphor is anything but refreshing. As water is poured out of a bucket, so God's wrath would be poured out on Israel. This might be like "divine water boarding" but that analogy breaks down because God has already tried to get them to confess. This is more like a "divine drowning" because of their persistent sin. NET Note on like water - Heb “like water” (so KJV, NAB, NRSV); NLT “like a waterfall.” The term מַיִם (mayim, “water”) often refers to literal flood waters (Gen 7:7, 10; 8:3, 7–9; Isa 54:9) and figuratively describes the LORD’s judgment that totally destroys the wicked (BDB 566 s.v. מַי 4.k).
Oséias 5
Phillips - The One who had experienced Israel's perfidy over and over again said, "They will not" (italics added). The battle against evil always ends up as a battle of the will. The wicked should not say that they cannot overcome evil; the truth is that they will not. (Exploring the Minor Prophets: An Expository Commentary) To return to their God - The people desired "prostitution" with the false gods (and the lascivious, gross, abominable sex that was associated with their "worship!"). So "God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be dishonored among them." (Ro 1:24+). In essence, God said you want idols and their associated immorality, then I will give you over to them, which is a frightening place to be! Repentance becomes impossible for a people totally devoted to sin. Evil deeds raise a barrier between a sinner and God. They raise wicked pride in people's hearts, barring saving humility and repentance. Adulterous Israel (Hos 1:2) had become totally corrupt or unclean (Eze 39:23,24), unfit for God's presence. Instead of letting God's Spirit lead them, they followed the "spirit of prostitution.'' They did not even know God (Hos 4:1-2). They stumbled along a crooked path of sin (Isa 1:2-4). Such a path certainly cannot lead the way to God, who cannot accept unfaithful, treacherous people (Isa 48:1-9). Political allies cannot cure sin sickness. They cannot fight God's discipline. Only confession of sin and guilt or shame (2Ch 28:9-13) can bridge the sin gap which separates us from God. For a spirit of harlotry is within them - Literally = spirit of harlotries”; CSB = spirit of promiscuity" NIV =“a spirit of prostitution”; TEV = “Idolatry has a powerful hold on them.” CEV interprets it literally: “your constant craving for sex keeps you from knowing me.” There is undoubtedly truth in the CEV paraphrase because Israel's whoring after idols was usually associated with abominable sexual immorality especially on the so-called "high places." And they do not know the LORD - Know (yada) speaks of intimacy (Adam and Eve in Ge 4:1). Because they were "intimate" with idolatry, they could hardly be "intimate" with the true and living God! Hosea 5:5 Moreover, the pride of Israel testifies against him, And Israel and Ephraim stumble in their iniquity; Judah also has stumbled with them. BGT Hosea 5:5 καὶ ταπεινωθήσεται ἡ ὕβρις τοῦ Ισραηλ εἰς πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ Ισραηλ καὶ Εφραιμ ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν ταῖς ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν καὶ ἀσθενήσει καὶ Ιουδας μετ᾽ αὐτῶν NET Hosea 5:5 The arrogance of Israel testifies against it; Israel and Ephraim will be overthrown because of their iniquity. Even Judah will be brought down with them. LXE Hosea 5:5 And the pride of Israel shall be brought low before his face; and Israel and Ephraim shall fall in their iniquities; and Judas also shall fall with them. NLT Hosea 5:5 "The arrogance of Israel testifies against her; Israel and Ephraim will stumble under their load of guilt. Judah, too, will fall with them. KJV Hosea 5:5 And the pride of Israel doth testify to his face: therefore shall Israel and Ephraim fall in their iniquity; Judah also shall fall with them. ESV Hosea 5:5 The pride of Israel testifies to his face; Israel and Ephraim shall stumble in his guilt; Judah also shall stumble with them. CSB Hosea 5:5 Israel's arrogance testifies against them. Both Israel and Ephraim stumble because of their wickedness; even Judah will stumble with them. NIV Hosea 5:5 Israel's arrogance testifies against them; the Israelites, even Ephraim, stumble in their sin; Judah also stumbles with them. the pride of Israel: Ho 7:10 Pr 30:13 Isa 3:9 9:9,10 28:1-3 testifies against him: Isa 44:9 59:12 Jer 14:7 Mt 23:31 Lu 19:22 Israel and Ephraim stumble in their iniquity: Ho 4:5 14:1 Pr 11:5,21 14:32 24:16 Am 5:2 Judah also has stumbled with them: Ho 5:14 8:14 2Ki 17:19,20 Eze 23:31-35 Am 2:4,5 PRIDE WAS A WITNESS AGAINST ISRAEL! Moreover, the pride of Israel testifies against him - Their own arrogance took the witness stand against unfaithful Israel. God is opposed to (antitasso from anti = against + tasso = order, set means to set an army in array against, to arrange in battle order; to line oneself up against) the proud, which is a picture of Him "stiff arming" the prideful person! Woe! (see commentary on James 4:6). (cf similar expression 1 Sa 12:3, 2 Sa 1:16). And Israel and Ephraim stumble in their iniquity - Proverbs 16:18 says "Pride goes before destruction, And a haughty spirit before stumbling." As
Oséias 5
Phillips says "It has been a long wait and although God has revealed Himself in Christ, Israel still has not turned to Him." (Exploring the Minor Prophets: An Expository Commentary) Affliction (06862)(tsar from tsarar = to bind, be restricted or cramped) literally indicates narrowness as of a narrow space vividly depicted when the Angel of the Lord confronted Balaam and stood in such a narrow space that Balaam could not pass by (Nu 22:26). Tsar is used figuratively of the personal anguish one encounters in adverse circumstances. Tsar is used in a parallel prophetic passage in Dt 4:30+ “When you are in distress and all these things have come upon you, in the latter days you will return to the LORD your God and listen to His voice. In the Septuagint (Lxx) translation, the Greek word for affliction (tsar) in Hosea 5:15 and distress (tsar) in Deut 4:30 is thlipsis which literally describes a pressing together, but figuratively as in the prophecies in Hosea and Deuteronomy refers to trouble that inflicts distress. In this case it will distress on the entire nation of Israel in the future Great Tribulation. Thus it should come as no surprise that thlipsis is used by Jesus to describe the Great Tribulation (thlipsis megale) in Mt 24:21+ where Jesus warned His Jewish audience "For then there will be a great tribulation, such as has not occurred since the beginning of the world until now, nor ever will." In summary, the 3.5 year period of the Great Tribulation is the same period of affliction/distress described in Hosea 5:15 ("In their affliction"), in Jeremiah 30:7+ ("the time of Jacob’s distress") and in Daniel 12:1+ ("there will be a time of distress [again the Lxx uses thlipsis] such as never occurred since there was a nation until that time"). Related Resource: Daniel's seventieth week - last half or 3.5 year = Great Tribulation. As Robert Chisholm (Bible Knowledge Commentary) points out this passage begins one of the "salvation" cycles in Hosea. Here are all 5 cycles as deduced by Dr Chisholm... CYCLES OF JUDGMENT AND SALVATION IN HOSEA JUDGMENT SALVATION Hosea 1:2-9 Hosea 1:10-2:1 Hosea 2:2-13 Hosea 2:14-3:5 Hosea 4:1-5:14 Hosea 5:15-6:3 Hosea 6:4-11:7 Hosea 11:8-11 Hosea 11:12-13:16 Hosea 14:1-9