Mateus 12
John Phillips · Citado em PreceptAustin
Mateus 12
Phillips has an interesting comment - The Bible speaks of three unpardonable sins. Two of them are dispensational and cannot be committed today. Blaspheming the Holy Spirit was the sin of seeing Jesus perform His mighty miracles and then saying that He did it in the power of Satan. Because the Lord is no longer here on earth performing His miracles, we cannot commit this sin. To receive the mark of the Beast in the coming days of the Antichrist is likewise unforgivable (Rev. 13:16-17; 14:9-11; 16:2). The one unpardonable sin that is committed by many people to this very day is the sin of unbelief (John 3:16, 18, 36; Rev. 21:8). The sin of blaspheming the Holy Spirit was a real and terrible sin. It had been committed in the hearing of the disciples a short while before (Rev 11:15). (Exploring the Gospel of Luke: An Expository Commentary) Douglas O'Donnell - Walvoord’s concise definition of the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit is “attributing to Satan what is accomplished by the power of God,” basically doing what the Pharisees are doing here. And it involves, if we flesh out that basic definition a bit, the “combination of clear knowledge and deliberate rejection of Christ.”11 So there’s a certain amount of light in the head—one can see clearly who Jesus is, as plainly as the Pharisees saw his miracles—and yet there is hatred of that light in the heart. Therefore, blasphemy of the Holy Spirit is a knowledge of the light, a hatred of it, and I’ll add (and this addition is key) that there is also an earnest and persistent effort to put out the light. With that definition in place, I can safely say that Matthew Henry’s long-standing pastoral counsel on these verses is still appropriate. He wrote, “Those who fear they have committed this sin give a good sign that they have not.” That is, if you are someone who has committed the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit, you won’t care about the state of your soul because you’ve passed the point of no return (cf. Hebrews 12:17). You are so self-deceived that you’ve not only stopped believing in Jesus and some Holy Spirit (“that’s like fairy tale stories, stuff for little children and ignorant old ladies”), but you have actually thought yourself so wise, so beyond others that you’re now earning a nice living writing best-selling books about why Jesus’ miracles never happened and how Jesus never said what we once thought he said. Such a person, who at one point may have tasted the truth of the gospel, has now spit it out (cf. Hebrews 6:4–6), and he or she wants others to spit it out as well. For such a person as this there is no chance of forgiveness because there is no chance of a change of heart. That person’s heart is so hard it cannot soften. It cannot and will not repent no matter how obvious the evidence, even if a dead man would rise again on the third day. That’s the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit and Jesus’ warning about it. (Preaching the Word-Matthew) Broadman Bible Commentary - The sternest warning attributed to Jesus appears in verses 31 f. Blasphemy against the Spirit is unforgivable (see the interchange of the terms Spirit of God, Spirit, and Holy Spirit in Mt 12:28, 31, 32). This must be understood in context. Jesus had restored sight and hearing to a demoniac. Unable to deny the deed, trusted religious leaders attributed its source to Beelzebul. They looked upon an obvious work of God and called it the work of Satan. Their problem was not one of the head but of the heart. This is wilful blindness, for which there can be no excuse. The ignorant may be informed and the weak may be strengthened, but by wilful rejection of God’s Spirit one denies himself his only help toward repentance and faith. This passage seems harsh, but it is to be taken in all seriousness. Jesus is not saying that God is ever unwilling to forgive but that man can render himself unforgivable. This has to do with a condition in man. A parallel to this is found in John 9:1-41, where it is shown that the price of rejecting God’s light is blindness. To close one’s eyes is not to put out the light, but it is to put out one’s sight. This is the principle behind “the unpardonable sin.”To speak against the Son of man is forgivable, but to speak against the Holy Spirit is not. Possibly Jesus means that the problem is not with himself, the Son of man; for he is ever ready to forgive (cf. Broadus, pp. 271 ff.). But to speak against the Holy Spirit, as the Pharisees have done in a wilful act of disbelief and disobedience, is to deny oneself his only hope. It is for one to cut himself off from the one who alone can lead him to repentance. ( Broadman Bible Commentary – Matthew-Mark) Thomas
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Phillips comments "Prudently, the Lord removed Himself from this vicinity, where plots against His life were being hatched. The multitudes followed Him. From that time, the Capernaum clerics had the synagogues, but Jesus had the crowds." (Exploring Mark) Some think because Matthew uses ginosko rather than oida (intuitive knowledge), it suggest He received a report, but that is not a valid argument because Luke 5:22 uses epiginosko to describe Jesus "aware of" the reasonings of the scribes and Pharisees (Lk 5:21) Withdrew from there - For a much fuller description of Jesus' withdrawal see Mark 3:7-12+. Prompted by the rising opposition Jesus withdrew. This recalls Mt 4:12+ describing "when Jesus heard that John had been taken into custody, He withdrew (anachoreo) into Galilee." Mark's parallel does not describe the reason for His withdrawal (Mk 3:7). Withdrew (departed)(402)(anachoreo from ana = back again or emphatic + choreo = depart, make room) means to depart from a location. Anachoreō is used several times in Matthew to describe a strategic withdrawal in the face of danger (Mt 2:12–14, 22; 4:12; 12:15; 14:13; 15:21) but Jesus going to Galilee was not out of fear of Herod, for Jesus feared no man! Anachoreo describes the magi who after being warned by God "left for their own country by another way." (Mt 2:12). Joseph was also warned and "left for Egypt" (Mt 2:14) and then later "left for the regions of Galilee." (Mt 2:22) In Mt 12:15 Jesus withdrew, retreating to a secluded place (cf Jn 6:15). Many followed Him, and He healed them all - Many followed indicates Jesus' popularity/reputation. Note the word all which means all (all who were ill) without exception. There was not a sick person remaining in the group that followed Him. Jesus turned no one away! Not one person was left without His help! And as glorious as this sounds at first reading, in the final analysis it is actually a very sad commentary because it refers to sick souls seeking Jesus for physical healing, but unfortunately not seeking Him for their greater need for spiritual healing of their sin sick souls (cf Jn 1:11+). I fear many today come to Jesus for what they can GET from Him! Healed (cure)(2323)(therapeuo) means to cause someone to recover health, often with the implication of having taken care of such a person. Matthew 12:16 and warned them not to tell who He was. NET Matthew 12:16 But he sternly warned them not to make him known. GNT Matthew 12:16 καὶ ἐπετίμησεν αὐτοῖς ἵνα μὴ φανερὸν αὐτὸν ποιήσωσιν, NLT Matthew 12:16 but he warned them not to reveal who he was. KJV Matthew 12:16 And charged them that they should not make him known: ESV Matthew 12:16 and ordered them not to make him known. NIV Matthew 12:16 warning them not to tell who he was. ASV Matthew 12:16 and charged them that they should not make him known: CSB Matthew 12:16 He warned them not to make Him known, NKJ Matthew 12:16 Yet He warned them not to make Him known, NRS Matthew 12:16 and he ordered them not to make him known. YLT Matthew 12:16 and did charge them that they might not make him manifest, NAB Matthew 12:16 but he warned them not to make him known. NJB Matthew 12:16 but warned them not to make him known. GWN Matthew 12:16 He also ordered them not to tell people who he was. BBE Matthew 12:16 Ordering them not to give people word of him: Mt 9:30 17:9 Mk 7:36 Lu 5:14,15 Matthew 12 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JESUS ESCHEWS EXCESSIVE PUBLICITY Eschew means to avoid and stay away from deliberately; to stay clear of. This would be a challenge given the large crowds that were following Him. And warned them not to tell who He was - Who is them? In this context it is the multitude following Him, including those who had been healed. Jesus ' point is that He did not want undue publicity. Of course a large crowd by itself conveyed a certain degree of publicity, but He sought to minimize this effect by warning them not to tell others who He was. Jesus was no publicity seeker does not want His healings to be "publicity stunts" (unlike so many of the false TV evangelists of our day)! Literally "they might not make Him manifest (phanerós)" that in effect they might not be His "publicists!" The adjective phanerós conveys the idea of making visible that which previously had been hidden, which is certainly true of the Messiah. Phaneros is used in Ro 1:19+ by Paul describing "that which is known about God is evident (phaneros) within them; for God made it evident (phaneroo) to them." Given the recent Sabbath confrontations, Jesus did not want His miraculous works to aggravate His opponents the Pharisees more than they were already stirred. Obviously His enemies could easily find Him but just following the crowds. Note that Matthew records five occasions on which Jesus commanded silence (Mt 8:4; 9:30; 12:16; 16:20; 17:9). Warned (2008)(epitimao from epi = upon + timao = to honor) means literally to put honor upon and then to mete out due measure and so then to find fault with, to censure severely, to rebuke, to express strong disapproval of, or to denounce.
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Phillips writes "The first time, the Lord ignored them, but warned His disciples against them (Mt 9:34; Mt 10:25). Now the Pharisees were becoming bolder, more contemptuous, more hardened in unbelief. They did not know it, but this time they had crossed the mysterious boundary line between God's mercy and His wrath....The Pharisees' blasphemous lie sealed the eternal doom of those who spoke it and the fate of the nation whose false shepherds they were. Their blasphemy also marked the turning point in the life of the Lord. All events now trended toward Calvary. Matthew 12:25 And knowing their thoughts Jesus said to them, “Any kingdom divided against itself is laid waste; and any city or house divided against itself will not stand. NET Matthew 12:25 Now when Jesus realized what they were thinking, he said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself is destroyed, and no town or house divided against itself will stand. GNT Matthew 12:25 εἰδὼς δὲ τὰς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Πᾶσα βασιλεία μερισθεῖσα καθ᾽ ἑαυτῆς ἐρημοῦται καὶ πᾶσα πόλις ἢ οἰκία μερισθεῖσα καθ᾽ ἑαυτῆς οὐ σταθήσεται. NLT Matthew 12:25 Jesus knew their thoughts and replied, "Any kingdom divided by civil war is doomed. A town or family splintered by feuding will fall apart. KJV Matthew 12:25 And Jesus knew their thoughts, and said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: ESV Matthew 12:25 Knowing their thoughts, he said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. NIV Matthew 12:25 Jesus knew their thoughts and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and every city or household divided against itself will not stand. ASV Matthew 12:25 And knowing their thoughts he said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; and every city or house divided against itself shall not stand: CSB Matthew 12:25 Knowing their thoughts, He told them: "Every kingdom divided against itself is headed for destruction, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. NKJ Matthew 12:25 But Jesus knew their thoughts, and said to them: "Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation, and every city or house divided against itself will not stand. NRS Matthew 12:25 He knew what they were thinking and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and no city or house divided against itself will stand. YLT Matthew 12:25 And Jesus, knowing their thoughts, said to them, 'Every kingdom having been divided against itself is desolated, and no city or house having been divided against itself, doth stand, NAB Matthew 12:25 But he knew what they were thinking and said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself will be laid waste, and no town or house divided against itself will stand. NJB Matthew 12:25 Knowing what was in their minds he said to them, 'Every kingdom divided against itself is heading for ruin; and no town, no household divided against itself can last. GWN Matthew 12:25 Since Jesus knew what they were thinking, he said to them, "Every kingdom divided against itself is ruined. And every city or household divided against itself will not last. BBE Matthew 12:25 And having knowledge of their thoughts he said to them, Every kingdom having division in itself is made waste, and every town or house having division in itself will come to destruction. Matthew 12 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries JESUS REFUTES THE SCORNERS And knowing their thoughts Jesus said to them - "He read their thoughts and He rejected their theory." (Phillips) While Jesus did empty Himself of His divine prerogatives (Php 2:6+), He was still God and as such was omniscient and able to read the minds of the scribes and knew "the vicious, blind hatred from which their blasphemy had sprung." (Lenski)(cf John 2:24, 25+, Jn 6:64, Mt 9:4+, Mk 2:8+). It is notable and not surprising that they voiced their accusation to the crowds and did not confront Jesus directly with their accusation! But He directs His comments to them beginning with the statement that their accusation is absurd! Thoughts (1761)(enthumesis from en = in + thumos = strong feeling, passion, mind, thought) means an inward reasoning or deliberation and conveys the idea of pondering or thinking out. Our English word “reflection” is an accurate translation. Westcott notes that the word refers to the action of the affections and is related to the will. Enthumēsis may refer to thoughts that grow out of or are typical of one’s bent of character. Used only 4x - Matt. 9:4+ = "knowing their thoughts" (In Mt 9:3 "the scribes said to themselves, “This fellow blasphemes.”); Matt. 12:25; Acts 17:29+ = "thought of man"; Heb. 4:12 = "the thoughts and intentions of the heart." A T
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Phillips notes that Jesus "used no incantations or other common methods that were only indifferently successful. He cast out demons with absolute authority, by direct command, and with convincing power. The Pharisees' disciples did not cast out demons by demonic power, and neither did the Lord." (Exploring Matthew) Broadus says your sons "means those who had been instructed by the Pharisees, like “sons of the prophets” in 2 Kings 2:3; comp. the use of ‘father’ for a revered teacher in Mt 23:9; 1 Cor. 4:15, and ‘disciples’ of the Pharisees in Mt 22:16. Exorcists would naturally belong to the Pharisee party, for no Sadducee would profess the expulsion of demons, since that party did not believe in spirits, evil or good. To make ‘your sons’ mean Christ’s own apostles, as Chrys. and other Fathers, and some modern writers do (ED: DARRELL BOCK), seems unwarranted and absurd, leaving the argument without force....It was very common, about the time of our Lord, for Jews to profess to cast out demons. Curious accounts of the methods they employed, such as the use of a remarkable root, with incantations, which they pretended were handed down from Solomon, are given by Josephus, “Ant.,” 8, 2, 5, “War.,” 7, 6, 3; comp. Tobit 8:2; Justin Martyr, Trypho, ch. 85. In Acts 19:13 we read of strolling Jewish exorcists who thought there must be some magical charm in the name of Jesus which Paul named when working miracles, and tried to use it themselves. (Matthew 12 Commentary)
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Phillips - There seems to have been an unprecedented surge of demonic activity in Palestine during the period of Christ's ministry. Satan had marshaled his forces, but all in vain. (Exploring Matthew) And then he will plunder his house - A stronger Man (Jesus) enters and plunders the strong man (Satan's) house.
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Phillips adds that "The Bible gives examples of multiple demon possession, including Mary Magdalene and the Gadarene demoniac. Even when evil spirits are expelled, unless the Holy Spirit comes in, the unfortunate host can be repossessed. One obvious lesson from all of this is the hopelessness of reformation apart from regeneration." (SEE Exploring the Gospel of Luke: An Expository Commentary - Page 169) John
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Phillips has a pithy but pertinent observation - In the Gospel record of the ministry of Jesus there are only two occasions (prior to the crucifixion) when Mary appears (here and in John 2:1-4+). Both times she seeks to have a say in His affairs and both times she is reproved by Him. Thus there is no basis for prayer to her on the ground that since she is the Lord's mother, He will listen to her and do as she says. Such passages as these in Matthew 12 and John 2 anticipate and repudiate Roman Catholic dogmas that exalt Mary to the status of deity, teach the bodily assumption of Mary into Heaven, and make Mary coredemptrix with Jesus. (See Exploring the Gospel of Matthew: An Expository Commentary - Page 239) In Hebrews 2:11+ the writer makes an incredible statement - "For both He who sanctifies and those who are sanctified are all from one Father; for which reason He is not ashamed to call them brethren." If we compare that passage in Hebrews with this present passage in Matthew, we can see who Jesus is not ashamed to call brethren. The key phrase is “For whoever DOES THE WILL of My Father Who is in heaven. If we compare this with Mt 7:21+ Jesus clearly teaches that "he who does [present tense - habitually] the will of My Father Who is in heaven will enter (THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN)." And similarly in Mt 7:23+ Jesus said "And then I will declare to them, ‘I never knew you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE [present tense - habitually] LAWLESSNESS [1Jn 3:4+ says "sin is lawlessness"]) So twice in this warning passage about who will and will not enter the Kingdom of Heaven (i.e., who is legitimately, genuinely saved by grace through faith), Jesus focuses on the fruit of faith. 🙏 THOUGHT - What is Jesus' description of His true brother in a spiritual sense, one who is truly a child of God and is in the family of God? Jesus clearly states he or she is truly His spiritual relative if they DO THE WILL of the Father; i.e., they are doers of the Word and not merely hearers who delude themselves (James 1:21-22+). There is a dangerous teaching circulating in evangelical circles in what is referred to as the "free grace movement" which believes that one can "become a brother of Jesus" (be born again) by grace through faith (which is a true, Biblical, orthodox statement), but then adds the teaching that such an individual does not need to demonstrate any fruit in their life subsequent to their conversion. They teach that no fruit will simply result in no rewards at the Bema Seat of Christ! If you have "asked Jesus into your heart" and there has been no demonstrable change in your life (no spiritual fruit, no desire for holiness, no desire for God's Word, no desire to fellowship with God's people, etc - see some of the signs of genuine saving faith), then you can have no assurance that you will go to Heaven when you die! For more discussion of this vital topic see What is free grace? What is Free Grace Theology? | GotQuestions.org (See also What is easy believism?, What is cheap grace?, What is a carnal Christian?) Related Resource: Did Jesus have brothers and sisters (siblings)? Matthew 12:48 But Jesus answered the one who was telling Him and said, “Who is My mother and who are My brothers?” NET Matthew 12:48 To the one who had said this, Jesus replied, "Who is my mother and who are my brothers?" GNT Matthew 12:48 ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν τῷ λέγοντι αὐτῷ, Τίς ἐστιν ἡ μήτηρ μου καὶ τίνες εἰσὶν οἱ ἀδελφοί μου; NLT Matthew 12:48 Jesus asked, "Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?" KJV Matthew 12:48 But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren? ESV Matthew 12:48 But he replied to the man who told him, "Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?" NIV Matthew 12:48 He replied to him, "Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?" ASV Matthew 12:48 But he answered and said unto him that told him, Who is my mother? and who are my brethren? CSB Matthew 12:48 But He replied to the one who told Him, "Who is My mother and who are My brothers?" NKJ Matthew 12:48 But He answered and said to the one who told Him, "Who is My mother and who are My brothers?" NRS Matthew 12:48 But to the one who had told him this, Jesus replied, "Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?" YLT Matthew 12:48 And he answering said to him who spake to him, 'Who is my mother? and who are my brethren?' NAB Matthew 12:48 But he said in reply to the one who told him, "Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?" NJB Matthew 12:48 But to the man who told him this Jesus replied, 'Who is my mother? Who are my brothers?' GWN Matthew 12:48 He replied to the man speaking to him, "Who is my mother, and who are my brothers?" BBE Matthew 12:48 But he in answer said to him who gave the news, Who is my mother and who are my brothers? Who is: Mt 10:37 De 33:9 Mk 3:32,33 Lu 2:49,52 Joh 2:3,4 2Co 5:16 Matthew 12 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Parallel Passage: Mark 3:33 Answering them, He said, “Who are My mother and My brothers?” JESUS INTRODUCES A NEW FAMILY RELATIONSHIP But Jesus answered the one who was telling Him - Jesus was the Master at using common circumstances to make uncommon comments that had profound implications! Mark has Jesus addressing the crowd but Matthew is more specific identifying Jesus answer as directed to the one who had brought him news about His family. And said “Who is My mother and who are My brothers?” - Like a good teacher, He asks a question to introduce a profound principle dealing with salvation and relation to Him. His teaching point by asking this question was that the only relationship to Him that matters eternally is one's spiritual relationship not one's physical relationship. In proclaiming this principle He demolished the argument of the Jews who were taught they would enter the Kingdom of God because they were physically related to Abraham, their father (cf John 8:33, 39). His spiritual family was comprised of those who have a saving relationship with Him through faith and at this time "not even His brothers were believing in Him." (Jn 7:5) They may have been His physical family but at this time were not yet in his spiritual family which is the far more important relationship. Leon