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John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
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MacArthur adds that "As with faith (James 2:17+), wisdom and understanding that are not demonstrated in righteous, godly living are devoid of spiritual value." Zodhiates amplifies what it means to Let him show, "If we tell people to try something that we have found wonderful and helpful, they may hesitate to do it unless they see it work in our lives. Then, even if we do not tell them to try it, they may want to do so anyway. The show window is important, but the storehouse is even more so. What use is it to attract people by word of mouth, if when they examine the heart they find it empty? A country merchant once visited New York. The thing that impressed him most was the magnificent and spotless show windows. On his return home he immediately cleaned up his unused show window and made it so attractive that he was soon doing nearly all the business in his town. Instead of failing in business, as he had at one time feared, he became the richest merchant of his country. The show window of the Christian is most important. It has to be attractive, but it must represent the truth; it must show that which can be produced in the storehouse. One of the hardest things for the Christian to do is to be truthful and honest in his showmanship, to let his tongue represent that which is in his heart. Thus the argument of James runs: Now you have stated to the world that you are wise, that you possess wisdom, namely, Jesus Christ and His Spirit. Then show it by your good conduct. A little girl in a Chinese village watched a missionary as he went about the Master's work. She saw him go to the homes where there were sickness, death, and sorrow, and she watched him as he moved about the village, though she never heard him speak in public. One day she went to another village and followed some girls into a mission school. There she heard a lady talking to them, in Chinese, about someone to whom little children came. One of the little girls asked the visitor, "Do you know who it was?" "Yes," she replied, "she was talking about the missionary who lives in our village." She had never heard about Jesus Christ, and when the teacher described the beautiful life of Jesus Christ, she thought she was describing the missionary. That is what the second meaning of the Greek word deixátō—"to show"—is, "to prove." James says, "prove" your wisdom and knowledge by exhibiting it without giving any credit to yourself. (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) 🙏 THOUGHT - This reminds me of Jesus' command to let our light shine in Matthew 5 - “You are the light of the world. A city set on a hill cannot be hidden; nor does anyone light a lamp and put it under a basket, but on the lampstand, and it gives light to all who are in the house. “Let your light shine (aorist imperative) before men in such a way that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven." (Mt 5:14-16+) How is that little light of yours? Are you letting it shine? Are you living wisely before a foolish world? Can others see Jesus in you because of the gentleness and wisdom with which you conduct your life? May God's Spirit give you the desire and the power to redeem the time, the short time you have left to show forth the wisdom of Christ, for His glory, in His Name. Amen Good (2570)(kalos) describes that which is inherently excellent or intrinsically good, providing some special or superior benefit. Kalos is good with emphasis on that which is beautiful, excellent, commendable, admirable. Kalos referred to that which was "morally beautiful" or noble and hence virtue was called "the good" (to kalon). James has 2 other uses of kalos - James 2:7 (fair name) and James 4:17 (right thing). Behavior (conduct, lifestyle) (391)(anastrophe from ana = again + strepho = to turn) literally describes a turning around or turning back and is used figuratively of a turning here and there in the daily affairs of life, and thus refers to one's conduct, especially focusing on our daily behavior and our general deportment. Anastrophe is used of public activity, life in relation to others. Peter uses anastrophe to encourage the saints "keep a good conscience so that in the thing in which you are slandered, those who revile your good (agathos) behavior (anastrophe) in Christ will be put to shame." (1 Pe 3:16+) Notice that the "good behavior" Peter describes is "in Christ," in His pattern, in His power, ultimately enabled by His Spirit, for there is no other way to carry out good behavior except to "walk by the Spirit" (Gal 5:16+). Hiebert on behavior - His winsome daily conduct should demonstrate his possession of the needed practical insight and understanding to deal with the daily problems of life. "Not one's orthodoxy (right preaching) but one's orthopraxis (right living) is the mark of true wisdom." (Commentary on James or digital copy) Max Anders says the person with gentleness "is not a doormat for the desires of others, but (ED: ENABLED BY THE SPIRIT) controls and overpowers the natural human tendency to be arrogant and self-assertive....Even when you are involved in a disagreement, you must demonstrate a gentleness and kindness of attitude. You must banish all contentiousness and mutual accusation." (Holman New Testament Commentary - Hebrews & James) Stulac on gentleness (humility in the NIV) - The personality of wisdom should be taken to heart: the wise deeds will be done in humility. (GENTLENESS) Humility is the character trait underlying the Christian behavior described in the entire letter; this is the trait to cultivate if one would take James's teaching deeply into one's life (cf James 1:21+). James would have approved of what
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MacArthur: Both Scripture and ancient philosophers placed a premium on wisdom, which, broadly defined, is not simply a matter of possessing factual knowledge but of properly and effectively applying truth to everyday life. Solomon wrote, “Acquire wisdom; and with all your acquiring, get understanding” (Prov. 4:7). Some nine hundred years later, the first-century B.C. Roman philosopher Cicero stated that wisdom is “the best gift of the gods” and is “the mother of all good things.” Both men considered wisdom to be the highest and most noble and valuable of all possessions. But it was the Hebrews who clearly understood that true wisdom was not intellectual, but behavioral. Thus, the biggest fool was one who knew truth and failed to apply it. To the Jews, wisdom was skill in living righteously. . . The New Testament is even more explicit about the source of true wisdom. Paul declared that Christ is “the power of God and the wisdom of God…. who became to us wisdom from God, and righteousness and sanctification, and redemption” (1 Cor. 1:24, 30). He reminded the church at Colossae that in Christ “are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge” (Col. 2:3). In his epistle to the church in Rome he wrote,” Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and unfathomable His ways!” (Rom. 11:33; cf. Job 5:9; 9:10; 11:7; Ps. 145:3). (The MacArthur Commentary) Wisdom (4678)(sophia) is the ability to judge correctly and to follow the best course of action, based on knowledge and understanding. Sophia emphasizes understanding of ultimate things—such as life and death, God and man, righteousness and sin, heaven and hell, eternity and time. Sophia is mental excellence in its highest and fullest sense (Vincent, M. R. Word studies). Sophia is used frequently in the New Testament to describe the ability to discern and conform to God’s will. James uses sophia 4x - Jas. 1:5+ - But if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all generously and without reproach, and it will be given to him.; Jas. 3:13; Jas. 3:15; Jas. 3:17. A philosophy professor ended his letter with "It just beats me. A doctor of philosophy and unable to solve my own troubles!" May God enable all of His children to be philósophos, "philosophers, lovers of wisdom," not lovers of the world's wisdom but of God's heavenly wisdom, in Jesus' Name. Amen Related Resource: Wisdom - Chokmah - Hebrew Word Study Click for Commentaries on Proverbs Obviously for more on wisdom we would be wise to carefully read the "Wisdom Literature" especially Proverbs from which we have the following hors d’oeuvres, so to speak (and as you read make a list of the advantages of wisdom).... Proverbs 1:2-4 To know wisdom and instruction, To discern the sayings of understanding, 3 To receive instruction in wise behavior, Righteousness, justice and equity; 4 To give prudence to the naive, To the youth knowledge and discretion, Proverbs 2:10-15 For wisdom will enter your heart And knowledge will be pleasant to your soul; 11 Discretion will guard you, Understanding will watch over you, 12 To deliver you from the way of evil, From the man who speaks perverse things; 13 From those who leave the paths of uprightness To walk in the ways of darkness; 14 Who delight in doing evil And rejoice in the perversity of evil; 15 Whose paths are crooked, And who are devious in their ways; Proverbs 4:5-9 Acquire wisdom! Acquire understanding! Do not forget nor turn away from the words of my mouth. 6 “Do not forsake her, and she will guard you; Love her, and she will watch over you. 7 “The beginning of wisdom is: Acquire wisdom; And with all your acquiring, get understanding. 8 “Prize her, and she will exalt you; She will honor you if you embrace her. 9 “She will place on your head a garland of grace; She will present you with a crown of beauty.” Proverbs 9:10-12 The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom, And the knowledge of the Holy One is understanding. 11 For by me your days will be multiplied, And years of life will be added to you. 12 If you are wise, you are wise for yourself, And if you scoff, you alone will bear it. Warren
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MacArthur says that "What you are will inevitably be disclosed by what you say. It might be said that a person's speech is a reliable measure of his spiritual temperature, a monitor of the inner human condition. The rabbis spoke of the tongue as an arrow rather than a dagger or sword, because it can wound and kill from a great distance. It can wreak great damage even when far from its victim." (James MacArthur New Testament Commentary - Page 144) Beloved, James is not discouraging people from becoming teachers. After all, James is himself a teacher. As discussed in this section what he is discouraging is the tendency for those who are not qualified or gifted to rush into teaching. His warning is calculated to restrain this rush, so to speak! But if God has called you to be a teacher than by all means teach as Paul says in Romans 12 "Having therefore gifts differing according to the grace given us, whether that of prophecy, prophesy according to the proportion of faith; or serving, exercise that gift within the sphere of service; or teaching, within the sphere of teaching (Ro 12:6-7+ Wuest Paraphrase) In sum, James is not prohibiting one from the use of his or her gift of teaching, but is simply warning that the ministry of teaching should not be entered into lightly. Don't Rush into the Spiritual Spotlight -- Paul Apple Let not many of you become teachers - This is actually a command (present imperative with a negative) = Stop becoming teachers (as apparently so many were doing). At first glance James 3:1-2 may seem somewhat unrelated to James' treatment of the tongue in James 3:3-12. But which "organ" does the teacher rely on primarily? Clearly he or she makes major use of their tongue. And of course God desires teachers to articulate His Word of truth, so James is not saying one should not become a teacher. What he is saying is that one should not take on a teaching role without considering the seriousness of this position in the Church. Don't be like the old Elvis Presley song which has the line "only fools rush in." Do not foolishly rush into a teaching role! Why? Because as noted you are primarily using your tongue and you can have considerable influence. But if the words that come out of your mouth in teaching are not in line with the Word of Truth, than you are making yourself open to potential condemnation. Robert Jamieson on becoming teachers - The idea that faith (so called) without works (Jas 2:14-26) was all that is required, prompted "many" to set up as "teachers," as has been the case in all ages of the Church. At first all were allowed to teach in turns. Even their inspired gifts did not prevent liability to abuse, as James here implies: much more is this so when self-constituted teachers have no such miraculous gifts. Paul has a parallel passage writing "For some men, straying from these things, have turned aside to fruitless discussion, wanting to be teachers of the Law, even though they do not understand either what they are saying or the matters about which they make confident assertions." (1 Ti 1:6-7+) James' warning is also better understood if we keep in mind that teachers were highly respected in the culture of the first century, and this respect included the Greco-Roman teachers as well as Jewish teachers. Jesus was often given the highly respected titles of Rabbi (Mk 9:5; Jn 1:38) or Teacher (Mt 8:19; 12:38; Mk 5:35; 9:17, 38; Lk 7:40; 11:45; Jn 20:16). Similarly, the Jewish Scribes and Pharisees were both held in high esteem by the Jewish populace. And so it naturally follows that many would seek out the position of teacher even though they were not gifted or qualified. Teachers (1320)(didaskalos from didasko = teach <> cp didaskalía) is one who provides instruction or systematically imparts truth with the goal of shaping the will of the one being taught by the content taught. As someone said "The great teacher is the one who turns our ears into eyes so that we can see the truth." Henry Brooks added that "A (Bible) teacher affects eternity; he can never tell where his influence stops." MacArthur explains that "A faith which does not transform the tongue is no saving faith at all. So since speech is the mark of true faith, it should be a proper measure, then, of those who articulate the faith, those who teach the faith." Is this in fact not James had stated in James 1:26 "If anyone thinks himself to be religious, and yet does not bridle his tongue but deceives his own heart, this man’s religion is worthless." No better test of the health of the mind than to see what is on the tongue. Spurgeon on the tongue and true religion - If religion does not salt your tongue, and keep it sweet, it has done nothing for you. If the doctor wants to know the state of your health, he says, “Let me see your tongue;” and there is no better test of the health of the mind than to see what is on the tongue. When it gets furred up with unkind words, when it turns black with blasphemy, when it is spotted with lasciviousness, there is something very bad inside the heart, you may be quite sure of that. R.V.G. Tasker: Teachers are continually engaged in passing judgments, both moral and intellectual. The very nature of their work makes them critical, sometimes severely critical. James warns them that all who have professed to point out to others the way in which they should live, will receive greater condemnation than the rest of men if they have failed to walk in that way themselves. My brethren (80)(adelphos from a = denotes unity + delphus = a womb) means brother or near kinsman. "Adelphós generally denotes a fellowship of life based on identity of origin, e.g., members of the same family, specifically referring to believers. Recall the Jewishness of his audience in James 1:1+ "To the twelve tribes who are dispersed abroad." So again James appeals to them as those who are genuine believers. Adelphos in James - Jas. 1:2; Jas. 1:9; Jas. 1:16; Jas. 1:19; Jas. 2:1; Jas. 2:5; Jas. 2:14; Jas. 2:15; Jas. 3:1; Jas. 3:10; Jas. 3:12; Jas. 4:11; Jas. 5:7; Jas. 5:9; Jas. 5:10; Jas. 5:12; Jas. 5:19; John Painter: The teacher’s role and authority in the community was recognized by Jesus, who directed a scathing criticism at (some) scribes and Pharisees as teachers who failed to live up to their responsibility (Matt. 23:1–36). “The scribes and Pharisees sit in the seat of Moses. Therefore, do and keep whatever they teach you, but do not do what they do” (Matt. 23:2–3). The word order in the Greek text places their position as teachers first for emphasis: “Upon the seat of Moses they sit.” That privileged place lays great responsibility on them. Jesus then pronounces a sevenfold woe on the scribes and Pharisees, labeling them as hypocrites (Matt. 23:13, 15, 16, 23, 25, 27, 29) and drawing attention to the disparity between what they say (teach) and what they do. This is comparable to James’s critique of those who speak but do not act (James 2:16–17). But teachers can also err in what they teach, leading others astray. This was not the focus of Jesus, but it seems to have been included by James. (James and Jude - Paideia: Commentaries on the New Testament) Ralph Martin: Persons were putting themselves forward as teachers without having paused to reckon with the high standard of behavior required or having faced the temptation of ulterior motives (such as love of prestige or reward; Moo, 120). The church was evidently plagued by teachers who were insincere and were inflicting false doctrine upon unsuspecting listeners. . . they were failing to show the fruit of Christian character in their lives, a trait that most likely did have a theological error at its heart (ibid., 493, citing Matt 7:16 // Luke 6:44) as well as promoting party strife, as 3:13–18 will develop (ibid., 509). At issue was evidently the issue of authority, and 3:1–12 is a tacit plea for a recognition of James’ primacy as teacher par excellence. (James, Volume 48 - Page 108) Knowing that - NIV translates this as "because" which is a good paraphrase for in this context the phrase knowing that functions essentially as a term of explanation. And so James uses this phrase to explain why individuals should stop becoming teachers. It is like putting the "pause button" on the video - he wants his readers to "pause" and "ponder" the responsibility that this position entails! If you are called by God to be a teacher (cf Eph 4:11, Ro 12:7, 1 Cor 12:29) then "Amen!" But if you are definitively called by God to be a teacher, then "O my!" HEAVIER JUDGMENT Authority (to teach for God) comes with accountability (of teacher to God). Many were apparently enamored with the former, but ignorant of the latter! (Compare Lk 12:48+). As such we will incur a stricter (greater) judgment - A "greater sentence." (cf Mk 12:40) Why? One reason is the ever present danger that we may teach something that does not square with God's Word (cf Jesus' warning in Lk 20:46-47+, Eph 4:14, Col 2:21-22, 1 Ti 4:1-4, 1 Ti 6:3, 2 Ti 4:3-4). There is an added danger if one has a glib tongue or charismatic personality, it may result in the students more enamored with the smooth technique instead of sound doctrine (or lack of it! cf Jim Jones). Notice James includes himself with the first person plural pronoun "we." He is fully aware that he too must appear before his earthly Half-Brother Jesus, the Righteous Judge at the Bema Seat, and that he will receive no "family favors!" Clearly a teacher's words can affect the belief and behavior (we behave the way we behave, because we believe what we believe), either positively or negatively. In addition teachers need be sure they practice what they preach (teach), and if they do not, they are hypocritical teachers (cf Mt 23:2-5). Charles Swindoll really nails this one down when he declares that "the real test of teachers isn’t what they say, but what their families say. The extent of people’s ministries isn’t the size of their churches, it’s the depth of their family life. Teachers must never forget that." (Insights on James, 1 & 2 Peter - Page 66) A T
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MacArthur: James’s point is that no believer should begin any form of teaching God’s Word without a deep sense of the seriousness of this responsibility. To sin with the tongue when alone or with one or two other persons is bad enough; but to sin with the tongue in public, especially while acting as a speaker for God, is immeasurably worse. Speaking for God carries with it great implications, both for good and ill. (James MacArthur New Testament Commentary - Page 148) More words mean more errors. Daniel Doriani: Teachers should certainly guard their speech. They are especially vulnerable to failures of speech because their role demands that they speak so much. More words mean more errors. As we grow accustomed to public speaking, we can become careless. When asked to offer an opinion, we tend to comply, even if we have scant qualifications and little factual basis. Humor is a dangerous gift. It pleases the crowd, but can easily wound or mislead. Too many laughs come at someone else’s expense. Public speech before a frequently captive audience “provides temptations to virtually every form of evil speech: arrogance and domination over students; anger and pettiness at contradiction or inattention; slander and meanness toward absent opponents; flattery of students for the sake of vainglory.” These problems are all the worse in the church since Christian teachers are expected to be models of virtue. So teachers are subject to judgment. The writer of Hebrews echoes James except his warning is addressed to the "sheep," to the "congregation" Obey (present imperative - only possible to keep this by continually relying on the Holy Spirit to obey) your leaders and submit (present imperative relying on the Holy Spirit) to them, for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account (FUTURE JUDGMENT AT BEMA SEAT). Let them do this with joy and not with grief, for this would be unprofitable for you. (Hebrews 13:17+) Paul alludes to this stricter judgment for teachers in his last letter Be diligent (aorist imperative - command calling for dependence on the Holy Spirit to obey) to present yourself approved (dokimos = a qualification that results from trial and examination) to God as a workman who does not need to be ashamed, accurately handling the word of truth. (2 Timothy 2:15+) Grant Osborne comments that Paul "restates what James is saying here. A teacher who mishandles God's truth and "shoots off their mouth" in the wrong way will stand before God in shame at the final judgment. The quality of one's teaching and preaching matters a great deal to God, and too many preachers and teachers are guilty of shallowness and irrelevance." (James, 1-2 Peter, Jude, Revelation - Page 68) Spiros Zodhiates sums up this section remarking that "If we teach because of the desire to show off, without living Christ before we preach Him, the judgment of God will be a severe condemnation; but if our teaching is motivated by a sincere and honest love for the Lord and the edification of those who hear us, then we can welcome this judgment, for it will mean a great reward." (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) Jon Courson writes that "The longer I walk with the Lord, the more I see that the key to life is to learn to be content where God has placed you (Philippians 4:11). If you're called to teach, that's great! If you're called to listen, that's wonderful! In either place, contentment is the key." (Jon Courson's Application Commentary) Luke Timothy
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MacArthur - "Perfect" (teleios) may refer to true perfection, in which case James is saying that, hypothetically, if a human being were able to perfectly control his tongue, he would be a perfect man. But, of course, no one is actually immune from sinning with his tongue. More likely, "perfect" is describing those who are spiritually mature and thus able to control their tongues. ( MacArthur Study Bible) TONGUE CONTROL IS SPIRIT CONTROLLED Most commentators feel that James uses teleios with its common NT meaning to describe one who is spiritually mature (see uses of this same adjective in Col 1:28+ = "complete in Christ" and Heb 5:14+ = "solid food is for the mature"). Translators also favor the interpretation that perfect conveys the sense of one who is spiritually mature (or growing in spiritual maturity). And so we see Wuest = "spiritually mature man." Amplified = "fully developed character and a perfect man." CSB = "he is a mature man." Now if Jesus is the only fully perfect Man, it follows that in order for us to begin to grow toward that goal of Christ-like maturity, we need to imitate walking the way Jesus walked while He was on earth (cf 1Jn 2:6+). And how was He enabled in His walk? Filled with, empowered by, led by the Holy Spirit (Luke summarizes Jesus' 3+ year ministry in Acts 10:37-38+, cf the very beginning of Jesus' ministry - Lk 4:1+, Lk 4:14+, Lk 4:18+, etc). Imitating Jesus' walk is the exhortation of Paul, John and Peter (see passages below). For a more thorough discussion of this vitally important truth see the article The Holy Spirit-Walking Like Jesus Walked! Be (present imperative = a command, not a suggestion!) imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ. (1 Cor 11:1+) The one who says he abides in Him ought (opheilo - expresses obligation, necessity to follow the example of Jesus! So this is not optional but mandatory for believers!) himself to walk in the same manner as He walked. (1 John 2:6+) For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps (1 Pe 2:21+) John MacArthur agrees writing "To the degree that our holiness approaches that of Christ's, to that degree we are spiritually perfect or mature. As in all else, He is our supreme and glorious example." (James Commentary - Page 152) THOUGHT - And so, dear follower of Christ, enabled by the Holy Spirit, we are called to continually "grow (present imperative) in grace and the knowledge (aka progressive sanctification) of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ (2 Pe 3:18+), and as we take in the Word of Truth (cf Lk 4:4+, Jn 17:17+, 1 Pe 2:2+), we "are being (passive voice = subject acted upon from an external Source = the Spirit) transformed (metamorphoo = present tense continually) into the same image (CHRIST-LIKENESS) from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit." (2 Cor 3:18+). Perfect (5046)(teleios from telos = end, purpose, aim, goal) means complete, mature, fully developed, full grown, brought to its end, finished, wanting nothing necessary to completeness. Teleios signifies consummate soundness, includes the idea of being whole and in the context of the Bible refers to the goal that has been set by God for men. Interestingly the Gnostics used teleios of the one fully initiated into their mysteries. Teleious is found only 17x in the NT and the short epistle of James has 3 of the uses - James 1:4+ = "And let endurance have its perfect (teleios) result, so that you may be perfect (teleios) and complete, lacking in nothing." So James sees Christian "perfection" or better spiritual maturity, as a goal for all believers and emphasizes trials aid us on our journey to Christian maturity. James 1:17+ speaking of every gift God gives as "perfect" and here in James 3:2. Robert Johnstone explains perfect as "a maturity of religious life, a ripeness and richness of knowledge and character, such as may be supposed to mark the full-grown man, as contrasted with the babe in Christ." (Lectures Exegetical and Practical on the Epistle of James) Warren
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MacArthur writes that "if we can control our tongues—which respond so readily and limitlessly to sin—then controlling everything else will follow. If the Holy Spirit has control of this most volatile and intractable part of our being, how much more susceptible to His control will the rest of our lives be? That principle also supports the second meaning of perfect (mature, complete), which, if it carried the idea of absolute perfection, would have no practical significance here. When a person's speech is Christ-exalting, God-honoring, and edifying, one can be sure the rest of his life is spiritually healthy—and vice versa." (James Commentary - Page 152) D Edmond Hiebert adds that "Barclay (James 3 Commentary) notes that "James is not for a moment saying that silence is better than speech. He is not pleading for... a cowardly silence, but for a wise use of speech." Nor does James hint that men must subject themselves to prolonged periods of enforced silence in order to gain mastery over their tongues. The ability to check and guide the tongue effectively only comes through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit." (Commentary on James or digital copy) (Bold added) Max Anders - One method of complying with the biblical warning about the tongue would be enforced silence. The Bible does not call for silence but for a tongue empowered by the Holy Spirit and used for the glory of God. Silence would not bring complete control of our thoughts. James wanted us to use divine power in bringing our thoughts into captivity to Christ (2 Cor. 10:5+). (Holman New Testament Commentary - Hebrews & James) Douglas Moo - So difficult is the mouth to control, so given is it to utter the false, the biting, the slanderous word, so prone to stay open when it were more profitably closed, that the person who has it in control surely has the ability to "keep in check" other, less unruly, members of the body. (The Letter of James - Page 32) Kurt A Richardson adds an interesting comment - The tongue has its way much like the human will without the bridle of the Word of God and the anticipation of judgment. But with these instruments, Christians will be enabled to stand accepted by God." (James: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition- Page 147) Grant Osborne - Stulac (1993:123) says, "If you control what you say, you can control the rest of what you do." The desire is "to motivate us to diligence in speech because it is so influential over the rest of our lives." "Control" ("BRIDLE") is the same verb as in James 1:26 that uses the image of a horse's bridle that "reins in" the tongue (see James 3:3) and therefore the rest of, literally, "the whole body," meaning every other area of one's life. The idea of keeping the tongue in check is found often in Proverbs (Pr 9:8-9; 10:8, 14, 19; 11:9; 12:18; 13:13; 15:1; 16:21; 17:7; 18:6-7; 21:23) (ED: SEE LIST BELOW), so the control of the tongue as the key to the rest of one's being is a common emphasis in Wisdom Literature.(James, 1-2 Peter, Jude, Revelation - Page 69) Spiros Zodhiates - ILLUSTRATION - There was an old man who often complained of pain and weariness in the evening, as many of us do. A friend asked him why he complained so. The old man replied, "Alas! I have every day so much to do. I have two falcons to tame, two hares to keep from running away, two hawks to manage, a serpent to confine, a lion to chain, and a sick man to tend and wait upon." "Why, you must be joking," said his friend. "Surely no man can have all these things to do at once." "Indeed, I am not joking," said the old man, "but what I have told you is the sad, sober truth; for the two falcons are my two eyes, which I must diligently guard; the two hares are my feet, which I must keep from walking in the ways of sin; the two hawks are my two hands, which I must train to work, that I may be able to provide for myself and for my brethren in need; the serpent is my tongue, which I always bridle, lest it speak unseemly; the lion is my heart, with which I have a continued fight, lest evil things come out of it; and the sick man is my whole body, which is always needing my watchfulness and care. All this daily work wears out my strength." The old man was certainly frank about the struggle the believer has in this life. He very aptly described the tongue as a serpent, for it can spread deadly poison around. (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) The depth of a person's freedom is revealed in and through his ability to hold his silence and to use it discerningly. The most famous Christian I know is a man who remains silent on any subject that might lead to self-congratulations. Whenever conversation reaches a point where he might need to comment on his latest writings, honors, speech makings~ experiences with other important people, he grows strangely silent or attempts to change the subject. There is a great power and freedom in him because there is much that runs deep in his soul, unarticulated and secret. I cannot imagine this man name dropping or relating his most recent prayer experience or exclaiming for all to hear how wonderfully the Lord is using him. A man like this is rooted and grounded in God's presence and is free of the external need to be babbling like a shallow brook. (Don Gilmore - Freedom to Fail) (ED: I read those words and simply shudder. How far short I fall! Help me Holy Spirit for the glory of the Lamb. Amen) Michael Andrus - When I was a kid and my mom took me to the doctor, the first thing he would say, no matter what the problem, was “Stick out your tongue!” Then he would gag me with a little stick. I believe Dr. James would say the same thing if we went to him concerning some problem with our spiritual health—stick out your tongue! According to a recent study the average person speaks 18,000 words a day. That is the equivalent of 100 books of 600 pages each year. In fact, the average person spends 13 years of his life talking, some considerably more. Put that together with one of the hard sayings of Jesus found in Matt. 12:36: “I tell you that men will have to give account on the day of judgment for every careless word they have spoken. For by your words you will be acquitted, and by your words you will be condemned.” (Tongue in Check - James 3:1-12) F B
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MacArthur points out that "Even gentle horses, which have been ridden for many years, are not controllable without bits in their mouths. As long as they are expected to perform service, whether for riding or for pulling a wagon or plow, they require that control. So it is with believers. To be useful to God, we will need our tongues controlled (ED: SEE NOTE ON TONGUE CONTROL), with everything else following in submission." (James Commentary - Page 153) Douglas Moo writes that "as the bit determines the direction of the horse, so the tongue can determine the destiny of the individual. Believers who exercise careful control of the tongue (ED: ONLY POSSIBLE BY THE SPIRIT'S TONGUE CONTROL) are able also to direct their whole life in its proper, divinely charted course: they are "perfect" (James 3:2). But when that tongue is not restrained, small though it is, the rest of the body is likely (ED: ALMOST GUARANTEED!) to be uncontrolled and undisciplined also." (The Letter of James - Page 35) Warren
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MacArthur- James provided several analogies that show how the tongue, even though small, has the power to control one's whole person and influence everything in his life. (MacArthur Bible Commentary) Wherever the inclination of the pilot desires - Wuest "wherever the impulse of the steersman leads him." One application is that the “impulsive” use of a little human tongue can result in great evils. A T
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MacArthur: The tongue is you in a unique way. It is a tattletale that tells on the heart and discloses the real person. Not only that, but misuse of the tongue is perhaps the easiest way to sin. There are some sins that an individual may not be able to commit simply because he does not have the opportunity. But there are no limits to what one can say, no built-in restraints or boundaries. In Scripture, the tongue is variously described as wicked, deceitful, perverse, filthy, corrupt, flattering, slanderous, gossiping, blasphemous, foolish, boasting, complaining, cursing, contentious, sensual, and vile. And that list is not exhaustive. No wonder God put the tongue in a cage behind the teeth, walled in by the mouth! (James Commentary - Page 144) Great Chicago Fire, 1871 A fire reportedly started in the O’Leary barn in Chicago at 8:30 P.M., October 8, 1871; and because that fire spread, over 100,000 people were left homeless, 17,500 building were destroyed, and 300 people died. It cost the city over $400 million. Tradition has it that a cow kicked over a lantern to set it off! See (BEHOLD) how great a forest is set aflame by such a small fire - James gives a third picture of the tongue comparing it to how a small fire produces a big flame! David
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MacArthur: A professed Christian who is proud, boasting, self-centered, loveless, and arrogant is a fraud. To claim otherwise is to lie against the truth, to utterly contradict the gospel of Jesus Christ and the clear teaching of all the New Testament. Near the beginning of this letter, James speaks of salvation as God’s bringing “us forth by the word of truth,” and at the end he says,” My brethren, if any among you strays from the truth” (Jas 1:18; 5:19, emphasis added), clearly identifying truth as a synonym of the gospel, where true wisdom starts. There is nothing more characteristic of fallen, unredeemed men than being dominated by self. James is therefore saying that, if a person claims to belong to God and to have the wisdom of God, but his life is motivated and characterized by selfish ambition and bitter jealousy, he is simply lying against the truth. Whatever he might claim, he cannot be saved. He is a living lie. (The MacArthur Commentary) New Testament for Everyone – What he is talking about is 'bitter jealousy and contention', a spirit which is always carping and criticizing, which cannot let a nice word go by without adding a nasty one, to take the taste away (as it were). (The Early Christian Letters for Everyone) In your heart (kardia - used in Jas. 1:26; Jas. 3:14; Jas. 4:8; Jas. 5:5; Jas. 5:8) - James is reminding his readers the problem is not external but internal. The heart is a person's "control center" so to speak. The heart is the "real" fountain of James 3:11 that brings forth bitter water! The heart of the problem is the heart. "James reminds his readers that "no loud and pretentious claim to the possession of 'wisdom' could avail while 'out of the heart proceeded evil things.'" (cf. Mt. 15:19-20)." (Hiebert) For believers we need to heed the command from Solomon (which he himself did NOT heed!) "Watch over your heart with all diligence, For from it flow the springs of life." (Pr 4:23+) Robert Johnstone - James probes here to the quick for the patient’s good. He tears off the tissue of plausibilities (zeal for God’s glory, ardour on behalf of truth, and the like), in which an envenomed, arrogant, bigoted spirit often enwraps itself, and lays bare the moral deformity and defilement—‘bitter envying and strife.’ We have not here the pleasant ‘water of life’ (the image of the twelfth verse is perhaps still in the apostle’s mind), but ‘bitter waters’ of hatred. ‘If such be your spirit,’ he says, ‘glory not and lie not against the truth;’ that is, ‘Do not boast that you are wise, wise with the wisdom of heaven: for in so boasting you lie, and this glorying and falsehood are in direct opposition to God’s truth. The Gospel of Christ’ (for this is what is here, as so often in the New Testament, meant by ‘the truth’) ‘has for its spirit love, meekness, longsuffering; and thus the wisdom which Christ gives through that truth reveals itself in these graces: if ye, then, have in your hearts envy, and self-seeking, and contentiousness, to boast of these as being His wisdom is to lie against Him and His truth.’ The statement that to give the name of Christian wisdom to a condition of mind and heart such as has been described in the first clause of the fourteenth verse, is ‘to boast and lie against God’s truth,’ is supported and illustrated in the two verses that follow. (James 3:15, 16) (Lectures Exegetical and Practical on the Epistle of James)(Bold added) Do not be arrogant...lie - James issues two commands both present imperative with a negative, which means stop an action already in progress or do not let it begin. And if one is unable to obey this command and instead continually exhibits a persistent attitude of arrogance, this person is not a believer! Spiros Zodhiates - We all know that this business of pushing oneself forward in the political arena has as its by-product pushing down someone else, someone who is running the race with us. That is the real meaning of the word in the original Greek, katakauchásthe. It is glorying that one has been able to get up to the top in a manner that is not exactly honest, boasting that one is there because he deserves to be there and that he is enjoying the favor of God, but also that his opponent was defeated because he is not as good as oneself. During the political race, this politician has really brought out everything that he could to convey a bad impression in the minds of others about his rival, and now that he has succeeded, he is giving him a bath in muck. Such behavior is unthinkable to the wise Christian. If a man claims he is wise and acts in this manner described by James, he is surely not living up to his profession of faith, nor is he wise. A United States President asked a certain general a question about another officer. Overhearing his reply (which praised the other), a friend approached him afterwards and said, "General, do you know that the man of whom you spoke is one of your bitterest enemies and misses no opportunity to malign you?" "Yes," replied the officer, "but the President asked my opinion of him; he did not ask for his opinion of me." We Christians will do very well to imitate this large-hearted general. (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) Hiebert says be arrogant (katakauchaomai) "conveys the picture of gloating over another on the ground of assumed superiority. It thus denotes "the malicious triumphing at the least point of vantage gained by one party" over its opponents in their disputes. It was the natural fruit of their bitter zeal and party spirit. In 2:13, James used the verb of the triumph of mercy over strict justice in the coming judgment; here the picture relates to the triumph of arrogant pride over others in the interactions of daily life." (Commentary on James or digital copy) Be arrogant (2620)(Katakauchaomai from kata = against + kauchaomai = to boast, cf "boast of great things" Jas 3:5+) means to boast against. The basic idea is of exulting in being able to prevail over something or someone else, boasting in one's self to the injury of another person or thing. It means "to boast about something by downgrading something else." (Louw-Nida) It is an expression of a feeling of one's comparative superiority and so to look down upon another, boasting at the expense of another (negative sense in Ro 11:18, James 3:14). The force of katakauchaomai is to brag about oneself in comparison with others. The meaning is clearly illustrated by an inscription on a grave in Asia Minor. The monument cites a gladiator as he gloats over a defeated foe. Katakauchaomai emphasizes one’s superiority over others with whom one is being compared (Bauer). Mattoon - When God's wisdom is at work, there is a sense of humility and submission. The person wants the Lord to be glorified. When the person is boastful, he wants to be glorified. His attitude is "It's my life and I want my way." If you do service for the glory of God, you won't get offended if you don't get recognized or patted on the back. (Mattoon's Treasures – Treasures from James) Ronald Blue - A truly wise person does not seek glory or gain; he is gracious and giving. (The Bible Knowledge Commentary - Page 28) And so lie against the truth - This is an interesting statement because most lies are "against the truth." James is not saying so much that you are to stop speaking lies, but that you are to stop living a lie, for your conduct which should be "good" is "evil" and this is in effect a "lie" about who you are professing to be. One writer has "claiming to be wise when in truth one is foolish" and another "your profession therefore is a lie." Saying that one has godly wisdom is not the same as having it -- objective standards of judgment must be applied. Truth is not just doctrinal knowledge, but also godly living. David Guzik on lie against the truth - Anyone who shows bitter envy and self-seeking should not deceive anyone – especially themselves – about how wise they are. They show a wisdom that is earthly, sensual, and demonic. Their wisdom is more characteristic of the world, the flesh, and the devil than of God. ( As John MacArthur says "if a person claims to belong to God and to have the wisdom of God, but his life is motivated and characterized by selfish ambition and bitter jealousy, he is simply lying against the truth. Whatever he might claim, he cannot be saved. He is a living lie." WHAT DOES JAMES MEAN "LIE AGAINST THE TRUTH"? HOW DIDTHEY "LIE AGAINST THE TRUTH"? they were boasting they had true wisdom but they were demonstrating bad behavior. Their behavior was like a lie against the truth that true wisdom is shown by good behavior that is carried out, not with arrogance or boastiing, but in the atmosphere of gentleness and humility that comes from true wisdom. Do not...lie (5574)(pseudomai from pseudo = to cheat, defraud, falsify) means to communicate what is false, with the evident purpose of misleading. The Greek term and the English equivalent ‘to lie’ involve more than simply telling what is not true, for this could occur without an intent to deceive or mislead. Pseudomai means means to tell a falsehood, attempt to deceive by lying, to speak falsely or deceitfully. Pseúdomai therefore involves not only the communication of a falsehood but also the intent to deceive. Truth (225)(aletheia) has the literal sense of that which contains nothing hidden. Aletheia is that which is not concealed, but instead is is that which is seen or expressed as it really is. Several writers favor the meaning of the truth to be the Gospel which as Christians they professed to accept and promote. Bitterness - Bitterness can be like a winter storm blowing in from the north. At first the signs are subtle, but soon bitterness swirls into a blizzard of complaints, unforgiveness, depression, sustained grief, hopelessness, and rage against God. Most people have great difficulty admitting that they are bitter. They say words like “I’m not bitter, but I just can’t forgive him!” or “I’m not angry, but it’s just not fair.” Bitterness is buried anger that has become frozen in resentment. Like a chain that ties us to the past, we carry unresolved anger in our hearts wherever we go. (June Hunt) Jealousy - The very nature of jealousy is to turn on those who harbor it; and it will ultimately destroy them. The Old Testament word for jealousy means "to burn or to inflame"—an apt description of what goes on inside the person who allows jealousy to smolder. A legendary Burmese potter became jealous of the prosperity of a washerman. Determined to ruin him, the potter induced the king to issue an order requiring the man to wash one of his black elephants white. The washerman replied that according to the rules of his vocation he would need a vessel large enough to hold the elephant, where-upon the king commanded the jealous potter to provide one. Though carefully fashioned, it crumbled to pieces beneath the weight of the giant beast. He made many more vessels, but each was crushed in the same way. Eventually the potter was ruined by the very scheme he had devised to defame the man he envied. In a similar way, Saul's jealousy eventually caused his own destruction. As a moth gnaws a garment, so jealousy consumes a man. James 3:14 - Inequality seems to cause jealousy. When we see someone with more wealth than we have or with qualities we lack, we become jealous. While recording interviews for a radio program, I asked people on the street in New York City if they believed all men are created equal. Most of them answered no. They cited our differing abilities, appearances, and environments. One man complained that he had to eat hotdogs for lunch while others ate in fancy restaurants. Only one person showed a deeper understanding of the question. She said, "Under God we are all equally human." The Bible teaches that all people are created in the image of God, that they are all accountable for what they do with whatever He has given them, and that someday they will all die. So, "under God" there is equality—but only under God. Apart from Him and His plan to bring about eventual justice, we see much in life that is not fair. No one can take from us the gifts that God gives us. The Sign Some indeed preach Christ even from envy and strife, and some also from goodwill. —Philippians 1:15 Today's Scripture: Philippians 1:9-18 A pastor friend told me about a sign he had seen in front of a neighborhood church. Instead of just advertising the congregation’s own time of worship, the sign also listed the schedule for two other churches that met at different times in the same small town. Interestingly, my friend didn’t think this was impractical or foolish. Instead, he imagined what it must do for a church to put such unselfishness at the heart of everything it did! Whether it is a good idea to advertise the worship times of other churches is a matter of opinion. But one thing is certain—the Spirit of Christ is not found in a spirit of envy and self-serving competition. The generosity and goodwill that Paul expressed toward self-serving church leaders is a mark of the authentic Christian spirit (Phil. 1:14-18). This Christlike attitude lines up with the absence of spiritual competition James called for in his epistle (James 3:14-17). Reflect & Pray More like the Master I would live and grow, More of His love to others I would show; More self-denial, like His in Galilee, More like the Master I long to ever be. —Gabriel Nothing is more pleasing to God than self-sacrifice that grows out of obedience. James 3:15 This wisdom is not that which comes down from above, but is earthly, natural, demonic. (NASB95) Amplified This [superficial] wisdom is not such as comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual (animal), even devilish (demoniacal). Phillips You may acquire a certain superficial wisdom, but it does not come from God - it comes from this world, from your own lower nature, even from the devil. Wuest This wisdom is not the wisdom which comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual [having to do with the natural, physical existence as over against the spiritual world of the supernatural], demonic; f NET Such wisdom does not come from above but is earthly, natural, demonic. GNT οὐκ ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ σοφία ἄνωθεν κατερχομένη ἀλλὰ ἐπίγειος, ψυχική, δαιμονιώδης. NLT For jealousy and selfishness are not God's kind of wisdom. Such things are earthly, unspiritual, and demonic. KJV This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. ESV This is not the wisdom that comes down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. ASV This wisdom is not a wisdom that cometh down from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish. CSB Such wisdom does not come from above but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. NIV Such "wisdom" does not come down from heaven but is earthly, unspiritual, of the devil. NKJ This wisdom does not descend from above, but is earthly, sensual, demonic. NRS Such wisdom does not come down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish. YLT This wisdom is not descending from above, but earthly, physical, demon-like, NAB Wisdom of this kind does not come down from above but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. NJB this is not the wisdom that comes from above, but earthly, human and devilish. GWN That kind of wisdom doesn't come from above. It belongs to this world. It is self-centered and demonic. BBE This wisdom is not from heaven, but is of the earth and the flesh and the Evil One. This wisdom is not that which comes down from above: Jas 3:17 1:5,17 Joh 3:17 1Co 3:3 Php 3:19 but is earthly: 2Sa 13:3 15:31 16:23 Jer 4:22 Lu 16:8 Ro 1:22 1Co 1:19,20,27 1Co 2:6,7 3:19 2Co 1:12 Jude 1:19 natural: 1Co 2:14 demonic: Ge 3:1-5 Joh 8:44 Ac 13:10 2Co 11:3,13-15 1Jn 3:8-10 Jude 1:19 Rev 9:11 Rev 12:9 James 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Youtube Video Verse by Verse Teaching on James 3 5W/H Questions on James 3 for teaching and personal study Related Passages: Jude 1:19+ These are the ones who cause divisions, worldly-minded, devoid of the Spirit. 1 Corinthians 2:14+ But a natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised. Acts 13:10+ and said, “You who are full of all deceit and fraud, you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease to make crooked the straight ways of the Lord? 2 Corinthians 11:3+ But I am afraid, lest as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, your minds should be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ. 1 John 3:8+ the one who practices sin is of the devil; for the devil has sinned from the beginning. The Son of God appeared for this purpose, that He might destroy the works of the devil. CHARACTERISTICS OF FALSE, UNGODLY WISDOM This wisdom is not that which comes down from above - This wisdom is the "counterfeit" wisdom. It is secular, not spiritual. From above was a rabbinical way of referring to Yahweh (cf every good thing in James 1:17+). It is not wisdom that God gives by His Spirit! It is not wisdom that "falls" from above, but which originates from the fall! James used the same phrase from above earlier declaring that "Every good thing given and every perfect gift is from above (anothen), coming down from the Father of lights (what a dramatic contrast with the "father of lies" the devil who also gives "gitts" including wisdom that is "demonic!"), with Whom there is no variation or shifting shadow." (James 1:17+) And in the present context one "good thing" and "perfect gift" is wisdom from above, from God our Father! 🙏 THOUGHT - Given that wisdom is from the heart and mind of our Heavenly Father, and is good and is perfect, we would all do well to frequent plead with God modeling our prayer on James 1:5+ "if any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask (aiteo in the present tense - continually, as our habitual practice!) of God, Who gives to all generously (haplous) and without reproach, and it will be given to him." I have prayed this prayer for all who are reading this note and for myself, in Jesus' Name. Amen. Grant us grace by Your Spirit to live it out for the glory of the Lamb. Amen. He who has a constant longing for wisdom will persistently pray for it. -- D. Edmond Hiebert Another prayer you might frequently pray is Col 1:9+ to "ask that you may be filled with (CONTROLLED BY - pleroo same verb for being filled with the Spirit - Eph 5:18+) the knowledge (epignosis) of His will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding." And one who is filled with this spiritual wisdom proves this wisdom as they "walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, to please Him in all respects, bearing fruit in every good work and increasing in the knowledge of God." (Col 1:10+). (Col 1:9-14 is a great prayer to pray for others) Another Prayer - So teach us to number our days, That we may present to You a heart of wisdom. (Ps 90:12) Ultimately spiritual wisdom comes from the Spirit of Jesus Christ and was modelled perfectly by our Lord about Whom Isaiah prophesied "The Spirit of the LORD will rest on Him (Mt 3:16), The spirit of wisdom and understanding, The spirit of counsel and strength, The spirit of knowledge and the fear of the LORD. ." (Isaiah 11:2+) As John Calvin said "To search for wisdom apart from Christ means not simply foolhardiness but utter insanity." Zodhiates adds an interesting comment that "Very rightly, then, Jesus Christ, the incarnate Messiah, is called by John in his gospel, "the Word," ho Lógos, (John 1:1+) which in its primary meaning is "Intelligence." But it also means "Expression," the expression of the eternal God in human form so that He may be made more understandable to man. Wisdom, we believe, is a synonym of Logós of the Word, and it refers to that perfection and eternity which is to be found only in God the Father, manifested to the world through His Son, the Lord Jesus, and existing in the world today only through His Holy Spirit. To Jesus Christ, wisdom was that practical understanding of the mind of God, that entire sympathy with His will and purpose, which enabled men to walk in His ways and do His will "on earth as it is in heaven."" (ED: cf Jn 5:19, 30, Jn 8:28, Jn 9:4, Jn 12:49, 14:10) (Ibid) Wisdom (4678) see preceding note on sophia From above (509)(anothen from ano = above, upward, up + suffix "-then" = from) literally means from above with a secondary meaning of again. Anothen can speak of place or time (from the beginning). This is the very word Jesus uses when he explains to Nicodemus "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again (anothen - from above) he cannot see the kingdom of God." (Jn 3:3, cf Jn 3:7). John the Baptist used anothen to describe Jesus "“He who comes from above (anothen) is above all, he who is of the earth is from the earth and speaks of the earth. He who comes from heaven is above all." (Jn 3:31). Craig Blomberg: The term “from above” (ἄνωθεν) points the audience back to 1:17–18, where God was seen as the One who pours out good gifts from above. This link encourages the interpretation of wisdom as the preeminent gift from above. It also clearly indicates a divine origin for wisdom. Likewise, the participle “coming down” (κατερχομένη) echoes the “coming down” (καταβαῖνον) of 1:17, underlining again the heavenly source....James exposes his congregation’s faulty worldview as the complete antithesis of anything godly: it is earthbound, spiritually dead, and demon-instigated. These three adjectives form the biblical source of the well-known English triad of the world, the flesh and the devil.” (James) But - (alla) is a strong term of contrast. Is earthly, natural, demonic - Is (estin) is present tense describing the continuing nature of the wisdom that is NOT heavenly, supernatural and godly (to use an antithetical description). It short, wisdom not from God is of the world, of the flesh and of the devil! Mitton aptly calls this "an ascending scale of wickedness!" Earthly wisdom is a self-centered, man-made way of thinking characterized by jealousy, selfish ambition, pride, and disorder, operating independently of God and His truth. Earthly wisdom is the way of thinking that arises from fallen human perspective without reference to God, driven by self‑interest, jealousy, and moral blindness. It evaluates life from man’s point of view rather than God’s, John MacArthur has an excellent explanation of earthly wisdom as that which is "limited to the present, material world of time and space. By definition, it is restricted to things that man can theorize, discover, and accomplish by himself. It has no place for God or the things of God. It has no place for spiritual truth or illumination. It is a closed system, a circumscribed box, as it were, of man's own making and choosing under satanic prompting. As James has just noted, this wisdom is motivated by pride, selfish ambition, arrogance, self-centeredness, self-interest, and self-aggrandizement. It spawns a society whose watchwords are "Do your own thing," "Have it your way," and "Look out for number one." It pervades philosophy, education, politics, economics, sociology, psychology, and every other dimension and aspect of contemporary human life. (MacArthur Commentary) William
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MacArthur explains this as "Like physical fire, the destructive effects of evil speech expand, not only contaminating ourselves but also everything we influence throughout the course of our life. To a large extent, we are known by the way we talk. Over the long haul, what we say gives others a pretty good idea of who and what we really are. That principle applies to good things as well as sinful, but James's emphasis here is entirely on the negative aspects of our speaking—such as gossip, slander, false accusations, lying, filthy language and stories, and other sins of the tongue—that can destroy individual lives, families, schools, churches, and communities. (Ibid) Jon Courson has an application to help us guard our tongues - When you hear gossip, pray silently in the Spirit to keep your tongue busy lest you join in the hellish discussion. If I listen to gossip, to put-downs, I am actually an accomplice in that fire ignited by hell. But if I refuse to listen and pray instead, the water of the Spirit douses the fire of hell, and the conversation dies. (Jon Courson's Application Commentary) Courson is basing this application on the proverb which says "For lack of wood the fire goes out, And where there is no whisperer, contention quiets down." (Pr 26:20) So if there is no "wood" (no gossip, put downs, derogatory statements, etc, made by others in your hearing), the tongue is not set on fire! And is set on fire by hell (Gehenna) - Not Hades (the temporary holding place), but Gehenna, the everlasting place of all evil demons and humans. It comes from the devil. Burdick says this is "a way of saying that it comes from the devil." (The Expositor's Bible Commentary - Abridged Edition or here) John MacArthur - Hell is Satan's place, prepared for him and his demons (Matt. 25:41). As such, it is used here as a synonym for Satan and the demons. ESV Study Bible - Evil speech destroys because it comes from Satan himself. (Borrow ESV Study Bible) Max Anders on set on fire by hell - "This describes Satan's influence on the tongue." (Holman New Testament Commentary - Hebrews & James) Grant Osborne on set on fire by hell - ".....would mean the tongue becomes a tool of Satan to destroy the individual and the church. False teachers are often portrayed as controlled by Satan, and their teachings are demonic in nature (2 Cor 11:13-15; 1 Tim 4:1; 2 Pet 2:10; Jude 8-10)." (James, 1-2 Peter, Jude, Revelation - Page 72 or James Verse by Verse) John
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MacArthur quips that "Even in believers, the tongue can easily slip out of its sanctified cage, as it were, and do great harm. Its work can be so subtle that it sometimes escapes notice until the damage is done." Words are like dynamite. Don’t let them blow up in your face. It is a restless evil and full of deadly poison - Notice the two reasons the tongue is so dangerous - (1) it never rests and (2) it is deadly. Have you ever looked closely at a snake's face (I hate snakes and won't even watch on television!)? Have you noticed their tongues is "restless?" (Pix - Warning - Don't look if you are frightened by snakes!) Interesting! The best way to be forearmed (controlled by the Spirit - only One Who can tame our tongue) is to be forewarned and these two aspects of that small member in our mouth should cause us to continually seek to be empowered by the Spirit. THOUGHT - PRAY - Lord, help me to think before I speak, to check my heart. Help me to control my tongue and to express myself clearly so that I won’t cause dissension. And we should daily pray asking God by His Spirit to "Set a guard, O LORD, over my mouth; Keep watch over the door of my lips." (Ps 141:3). Words spoken rashly do more harm than good. Gilbrant on restless evil - The tongue is an "unruly evil," literally, an evil which cannot be held back. It is like a wild animal restlessly wanting to make an attack. It is like an enemy that cannot be contained by military force. Phillips translates it, "It is an evil always liable to break out." (Ibid) D Edmond Hiebert says restless (akatastatos) "characterizes the tongue as being fickle and inconstant; it cannot be trusted to stay submissively in its proper place. It is notoriously unreliable, constantly prone to break out in vicious words. The adjective suggests the picture of "some caged but unsubdued wild animal, ever pacing uneasily up and down its den." (Commentary on James or digital copy) John MacArthur says that restless suggests "the idea of a wild animal fighting fiercely against the restraints of captivity. This evil chafes at confinement, always seeking a way to escape and to spread its deadly poison. Its "venom" is more deadly than a snake's because it can destroy morally, socially, economically, and spiritually. (MacArthur Commentary) Grant Osborne on restless - The connotation is of something without a secure foundation; like an unstable building in the midst of an earthquake, the tongue can never be controlled. Here the basis for that disorderly conduct of the tongue is its "evil" nature. (James, 1-2 Peter, Jude, Revelation - Page 72 or James Verse by Verse) Ralph Martin on restless - "In the present context it forms the picture of a caged animal pacing back and forth and seeking an opportunity to escape." (James, Volume 48 - Page 108) This makes me think of the passage in Genesis 4 when Cain was downcast because God did not accept his offering... Then the LORD said to Cain, “Why are you angry? And why has your countenance fallen? “If you do well, will not your countenance be lifted up? And if you do not do well, sin is crouching at the door (IS NOT SIN THE DRIVING FORCE OF ANGRY WORDS THAT COME FLYING OUT OF OUR MOUTH); and its desire is for you (LIKE A WILD ENEMY READY TO POUNCE), but you must master it. (THIS IS AMAZING - HE DID NOT HAVE THE INDWELLING SPIRIT BUT GOD TELLS HIM HE MUST MASTER IT - SOMEHOW THE SPIRIT WOULD HAVE GIVEN THE POWER NECESSARY HAD HE WANTED TO "KILL SIN")” Cain told Abel his brother. And it came about when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him. (Ge 4:6-8) Restless (182)(akatastatos from a = not + kathistemi = to settle from kata = down + histemi = to stand) means unsettled, unsteady, unstable. It cannot be made to stay down in its proper place. Used in the Nestle-Aland text is James 1:8+ of the doubting man who is unstable in all areas of life and here in James 3:8, describing the tongue as incapable of restraint. It is unstable, elusive, restless! In other words, the tongue is ALWAYS capable of springing forth out of its "cage" and inflicting vicious wounds! The ideas include (1) instability with political unrest (2) turmoil and insurrection and (3) social unrest with rioting, tumult, disturbances due to mob action TECHNICAL NOTE - The Textus Receptus has the word akataschetos (from a = without + katecho = hold back or control) which means that which cannot be restrained, uncontrollable, untameable, unruly. Evil (bad, harm) (2556)(kakos) related word = kakia) is a word which basically denotes a lack of something so that it is "bad" or "not as it ought to be. Kakos means not meeting accepted standards of behavior, and thus worthless, bad or inferior. Kakos then speaks of lack of goodness, of a bad nature. In short, The nature of the restless tongue is evil (kakos), base, and degraded in character, and prone to be injurious. "VERBAL CYANIDE" Full of deadly is the combination word thanatephoros (from thánatos = death + phérō = to bring) is literally death bearing or death bringing and is used only here in the NT. Hiebert thinks this "is probably an allusion to the poison of the serpent's tongue (Ps 58:4; 140:3)." James pictures the tongue as a death bringing king cobra always ready to strike. Swindoll adds that "It’s as though we have a capsule of cyanide behind our teeth, ready to break open and spread words of death wherever we go." (Commentary on James or digital copy) Paul has a description of the wretched condition of the tongue of the unsaved man in Romans 3 Their talk is foul and filthy like the stench from an open grave. Their tongues are loaded with lies. Everything they say has in it the sting and poison (ios) of deadly snakes (aspis). Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.(Ro 3:13-14+ TLB) Winkler writes "A word of evil from the old Serpent consigned our race to death, and, like Satan's tongue, are in a degree the tongues of all his children." (cf John 8:44). Matthew
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MacArthur illustrates how we all have been guilty of blessing and cursing - Peter confessed that Jesus was "the Christ, the Son of the living God" (Matt. 16:16); but while his Lord was on trial before the high priest, "he began to curse and swear, 'I do not know the man!' And immediately a rooster crowed. And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, 'Before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.' And he went out and wept bitterly" (Matt. 26:74-75) (Ibid) Dan McCartney: The undisciplined tongue is pernicious (full of poison) because it hides its evil under the guise of good. It can profess the gospel of Jesus in calling upon God as Lord and as Father (cf. 1 Pet. 1:17) while at the same time cursing another human being. (James (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)) Brian Bell - In these verses James illustrates the Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde tongues tendency. 1. The 1931 horror film where a man who takes a potion which turns him from a mild-mannered man of science into a crude homicidal maniac. (The 2 Ounce Beast) Blessing (2129)(eulogia) is literally a good word, good speaking, fine speech or praise. Scripture speaks of believers blessing with their tongue and not cursing. Of course the way to accomplish this unnatural response is by continual reliance on the supernatural power of the Holy Spirit (See Tongue Control). Bless (present imperative - Need for the Holy Spirit) those who persecute you; bless (present imperative - Need for the Holy Spirit) and do not curse (present imperative with a negative).(Ro 12:14+) Bless (present imperative - Need for the Holy Spirit) those who curse you, pray (present imperative - Need for the Holy Spirit) for those who mistreat you. (Luke 6:28+) For you have been called for this purpose, since Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example for you to follow in His steps, 22 WHO COMMITTED NO SIN, NOR WAS ANY DECEIT FOUND IN HIS MOUTH; 23 and while being reviled, He did not revile in return; while suffering, He uttered no threats, but kept entrusting Himself to Him who judges righteously (1 Peter 2:21-23+) Not returning evil for evil or insult for insult, but giving a blessing instead; for you were called for the very purpose that you might inherit a blessing. (1 Pe 3:9+) Curse (accursed) (2671)(katara from katá = down, against [intensifies meaning] + ara = a curse) means a malediction (literally to speak evil), imprecation (calling down a curse) on these men. Here in James katara describes human utterance which desires evil on someone (imprecation) My brethren - Once again identifying himself with them as fellow believers, members of the same family, the family of God. So James is addressing this to believers, those who had the Holy Spirit Who Alone could enable them to bring forth words of blessing and not words of cursing. Matthew
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MacArthur: Although the two terms seem to be used synonymously here, wise and understanding carry a shade of difference in meaning. Sophos (wise) is a general word, often used by the Greeks to designate speculative knowledge, theory, or philosophy. For the Jews, as noted earlier, it carried the deeper meaning of careful application of knowledge to personal living. Epistēmōn (understanding) appears only here in the New Testament and carries the idea of specialized knowledge, such as that of a highly skilled tradesman or professional. (The MacArthur Commentary) Alec Motyer: The description wise must be understood in the light of our discussion of Old Testament Wisdom. There are those who live closely to God, see more clearly into things than others do, and just know how to manage life’s varied circumstances. They are godly in character, sharp in discernment and helpful in their advice and counsel. Equally they are understanding. The word does not appear elsewhere in the New Testament, but it points to ‘professional knowledge’ (TASKER), ‘like our “expert” ’ (ROPES). Provided we do not push the ideas of ‘professional’ and ‘expert’ too far, this is exact. At the very least the word describes the well-informed person (ALFORD). Here, then, is the one who has a veritable mass of stored-up, useful, helpful knowledge. (The Message of James - The Tests of Faith) Wisdom cannot be limited to knowing; it is manifest in doing Anthony Bird - Wisdom is an indispensable element of the Christian life. We have already seen that wisdom is a gift that God promises to believers to help them face trials (James 1:5–8). But even a superficial glance at the disarray in many churches should be enough to convince us that when it comes to wisdom there is a distinct vacuum. However, when James asks the question, ‘Who is wise and understanding among you?’ we would probably all put our names forward with all the humility we can muster. I doubt that any one of us would think of ourselves as foolish. We tend to think of ourselves as thoughtful and astute, though, if pressed, we might admit to having done some silly things. But the question put by James should at least force us to ponder more deeply what wisdom is and where it is to be found. When James says, ‘Let him show it by his good life …’, we are alerted to the fact that wisdom cannot be limited to knowing; it is manifest in doing. (James Simply Explained) Zodhiates amplifies and interpretatively paraphrases James' question "Who among you has the Spirit of Christ in all His perfection? Who among you has the complete mind of God? Who among you has no will of his own, but has made God's will his very own? Who among you has made this attribute of God, wisdom, your attribute?" Is there any among us who can stand up and say, "Yes, James, I am wise"? No, at best we can only be philosophers, friends of wisdom. Wisdom, the wisdom of God, is not something that is acquired by man, but something that is bestowed by God upon His elect. It is a divine endowment and not a human acquisition....Therefore we Christians, who have accepted Christ as our Savior and who have the Holy Spirit indwelling us, are the only ones who can say that we are wise—not of ourselves, but because of the presence of God within us. We are wise because we have Him who is wise, and only in that sense can we answer James affirmatively. If the Lord Jesus Christ is a stranger to you, the best that you can hope for is to become a philosopher, like Socrates of old. But apart from Christ there is no wisdom. By accepting Him, however, you automatically perform an act of wisdom, and from that moment on you can be counted as wise, but be careful always to be conscious of the fact that it is not because of your merit or worthiness." (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) George Guthrie: We now come to a focal passage for the whole of James. As noted in our treatment of James 1:5–8, true wisdom, the wisdom that comes as a gift of God, is closely associated with righteous living. This truth he embodies clearly in the passage at hand. James begins by asking a rhetorical question, “Who is wise and understanding among you?” and then answers by wedding wisdom with good conduct (v.13). He then sets this teaching in bold relief by contrasting this godly wisdom with a lifestyle of relational discord due to jealousy and selfishness (v.14). Rather than coming from heaven, this so-called “wisdom” has the demonic as its source, being earthly and unspiritual (v.15), for jealousy and selfishness are associated with a lack of order and the practice of evil (v.16). Such a pattern of relating to others stands in direct contrast to the pattern of heaven’s wisdom, which issues forth in righteous living (vv.17–18). (Hebrews, James) Wise (4680)(sophos) is the practical application of acquired knowledge. Friberg says sophos generally describes "acquired intelligence characterized by the ability to use knowledge for correct behavior (1Cor 6:5)." Sophos is the opposite of anoetos which means without understanding or foolish. The Hebrew word chokmah corresponds to the Greek sophos. Sophos describes the ability to use knowledge for correct behavior (1Co 6:5). Sophos describes understanding that which results in wise conduct. Jesus uses sophos to describe worldly wisdom (Mt 11:25, cp Lk 10:21+, 1Cor 1:19-20), emphasizing that what the world refers to as "wise" does not allow one to see spiritual truth. In Ro 1:14+, Paul refers to the Greeks as the "wise" (although not in spiritual matters). Paul then refers to those who profess to be wise, (Ro 1:22+), who have jettisoned the clear evidence (Ro 1:19-20+) of the natural revelation of God (mocking the truth of a Creator and substituting the theory of Evolution). In contrast to the wisdom of fools, Paul exhorts believers at Rome to be wise in a godly sense, wise about spiritual truth and how to live in an evil world opposed to God (Ro 16:19+), referring to God Himself as wise. In First Corinthians Paul repeatedly denounces man's natural wisdom which is really not wisdom in spiritual and eternal matters. And so we see that "sophía, "wisdom," is never ascribed to anyone other than God or good men, except in an ironical sense, as for instance in 1 Corinthians 1:20." (Zodhiates) Paul writes I was with you in weakness and in fear and in much trembling, 4 and my message and my preaching were not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, 5 so that your faith would not rest on the wisdom of men, but on the power of God. 6 Yet we do speak wisdom among those who are mature; a wisdom, however, not of this age nor of the rulers of this age, who are passing away; 7 but we speak God’s wisdom in a mystery (THIS SPEAKS OF THE GOSPEL - THE FIRST DIVINE "WISDOM" THAT ONE MUST RECEIVE BEFORE HE CAN RECEIVE FURTHER DIVINE WISDOM! HAVE YOU BELIEVED IN JESUS THE PERSONIFICATION OF WISDOM? IF NOT YOU DO NOT KNOW TRUE WISDOM AND CAN NEVER ATTAIN IT!), the hidden wisdom which God predestined before the ages to our glory; (1 Cor 2:3-7) Sophos was a technical term for the teacher; in Jewish usage one who has a knowledge of practical moral wisdom resting on a knowledge of God and it was because of this association some commentators feel James is addressing primarily teachers, the ones who would be purveyors of wisdom. While this is possible, as noted above, these comments would be just a appropriate for all believers, whether they are teacher or not. James 3:13 shows the practical aspect of wisdom by describing the one who is wise (godly wisdom) as demonstrating he is wise by his good behavior. And in Ephesians 5:15-16+ we see that the wise walk is a behavior that redeems the time, "buying up" every (spiritual) opportunity presented by God (Eph 5:16+). And as Paul goes on to explain in the following context (of Ephesians 5:15-18), God pleasing and God glorifying wisdom is revealed by godly living which is possible only in a person not controlled by wine but continually controlled by the Holy Spirit (Eph 5:18+). Understanding (only here in NT)(1990)(epistemon from epistamai = to know thoroughly) means to be endued with expert knowledge, understanding, expertise, knowledgeable, well-instructed, skilled (especially one having the knowledge of an expert). It describes a specialist or professional who could skillfully apply his expertise in practical situations. BDAG says epistemon pertains "to being knowledgeable in a way that makes one effectual in the exercise of such knowledge." In short epistemon describes one "who is expert, who has special knowledge and training." (Burdick The Expositor's Bible Commentary - Abridged Edition or here) Zodhiates adds that "The verb epistamai from which this participle is derived does not refer only to theoretical knowledge, but also to the doing of things. It is both the knowledge and practice of it. It is "to know how to do, to be able to do, to be capable of doing. James here refers to that which is learned from our fellowmen. After he has spoken of wisdom which comes from God, he wants to impress us with the fact that there are things that we can learn from others and put into practice. That makes up the total personality of the Christian....Let us not for one minute think that the wisdom of God and the knowledge of man, which of course has its origin in the mind which God created, cannot live harmoniously and that they are contradictory." (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) Gilbrant - In both classical and Septuagintal usage epistēmōn means “knowing, wise, prudent,” especially being acquainted with an area of skill. It was used of those versed in the sea, skilled in the building craft, or expert in evil. Doerksen says that it refers to a specialist, one possessing professional knowledge of a field (James, p.86). It is coupled with sophia, “wisdom,” in the Septuagint (Lxx) in Deut 1:13,15; 4:6. The same pair appears in the only NT use of the word in James 3:13, where the writer exhorted those who claim the status of being wise and expert to display their virtues in behavior. (Complete Biblical Library Greek-English Dictionary) Epistemon in the Septuagint (Lxx) - Deut. 1:13; Deut. 1:15; Deut. 4:6; Isa. 5:21; Dan. 1:4; Dan. 5:11; Dan. 6:3; ACTIONS AUTHENTICATE WORDS Robert Johnstone - In substance the meaning is evidently this: ‘If there be truly wise and instructed men among you, they will prove their wisdom by a holy life—a life distinguished by Christian meekness (GENTLENESS).' But the first part of the sentence is thrown into the form of a question, the construction of the whole being similar to what we find, for example, in the thirty-fourth Psalm: ‘Who is the man who desires life and loves length of days that he may see good? (THE ANSWER = ) Keep your tongue from evil And your lips from speaking deceit. Depart from evil and do good; Seek peace and pursue it. (Ps. 34:12–14). You feel that the interrogative mode of stating a supposition has a peculiar force in the discussion of morals, from its directness of appeal. (Lectures Exegetical and Practical on the Epistle of James) The true test of wisdom is works, not words. Curtis Vaughan Let him show - If you claim to be wise, prove it! This recalls James 2:14-26 where one's "works" show or authenticate one's "faith" to be genuine. And so even in this section, James is insisting on proof of one's profession of belief in Christ. Through faith in Christ one gains access (so to speak) to divine wisdom, yea, even to "the Mind of Christ." (1 Cor 2:16+) So if you say you are wise and understanding, let's see it in your actions and attitude. And so James issues a command in aorist imperative which means "Do this now!" "Do not delay!" "Prove it now!" "Bring it to light, display it, exhibit it!" Not ini a boastful sense of course, but in fact with a show of gentleness (many versions render it humility)! THOUGHT - It is undoubtedly no coincidence that James uses the same verb (Show - deiknuo in aorist imperative) as well as ergon (works) in making a similar statement in James 2:18+ "show me your faith without the works (ergon), and I will show you my faith by my works(ergon).” So just as works show faith to be genuine, good behavior shows wisdom to be from above, heavenly, godly. If you have genuine faith and genuine heavenly wisdom, both will show forth in how you live! Too often we think of wisdom as something we simply possess in our minds, but James teaches us that wisdom is practical and is shown in our daily conduct. The begs the question - Does my daily conduct demonstrate that I am living my life energized by heavenly wisdom or earthly wisdom? And as we have learned, none of the over 1600 NT commands can be successfully carried out in reliance on our own natural strength, but only in reliance on the supernatural strength provided by the Holy Spirit. It follows that James is addressing this to believers, for unbelievers lack the supernatural power to obey this command. Of course James may also be speaking to some individual who professed belief, but they would not be able to carry out this command (evidence that they were "professors" and not "possessors" of Christ). But how can believers carry out this command to show good behavior? The answer is the same way a believer is able to control their tongue -- it is by continually being filled with (controlled by) the Spirit (Eph 5:18+), continually walking by the Spirit (Gal 5:16+). If we attempt to accomplish this relying on our own natural strength, we are guaranteed to experience futility and failure ("Why doesn't my Christian life work the way it should?"). In addition, if we deceptively think we can do this in our own strength, we end up putting a burden on ourselves, in effect falling into the subtle trap of legalism. And of course legalism will short circuit the flow of grace in our lives. Zodhiates on let him show - Now do not merely say you are wise, but act it. Knowledge consisting of words is an earthen vessel full of holes. The visitor to an insane asylum will hear many professions of wisdom and knowledge. When one speaks of his wisdom and knowledge, it is a sure sign that he has little of either. As an Eastern proverb has it, "A gold vessel does not sound; a brass one does." And as Solomon says, "Whoso boasteth himself of a false gift is like clouds and wind without rain" (Prov. 25:14). (borrow Faith, Love & Hope: An Exposition of the Epistle of James) Steven
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MacArthur - The wisdom that is of the world, that is based on man's own understanding, standards, and objectives, is false and ungodly. In false wisdom, man is supreme. False wisdom does not recognize God's sovereignty, God's will, or God's truth. In these three verses James briefly discusses the motivation (James 3:14), the characteristics (James 3:15), and the results (James 3:16) of false wisdom. (James Commentary - Page 170) If you have bitter jealousy (envy) and selfish ambition (selfishness) in your heart - Recall that godly wisdom is associated with gentleness or meekness, but now James presents a diametrically opposite picture of the attitudes in the hearts of those with ungodly wisdom. It is interesting that powerthesaurus.org lists the following words as the antonyms of gentleness - acrimony (rough and bitter manner), harshness, bitterness, sharpness, narcissism, unkindness, animosity, anger. This is some of the rotten fruit of worldly wisdom. So in this sentence James uses a first class conditional statement which assumes that some of his readers were harboring bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in their heart. James was not addressing a hypothetical situation that might arise in the future, but rather a real situation that already existed. Have (echo) is in the present tense indicating they were doing so as their habitual practice (even believers wrestle with these sins from time to time but not all the time). Notice the source of the sins - it is the heart. Jesus taught that "out of the heart come evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, slanders." (Mt 15:19) The sinful traits of bitter jealousy and selfish ambition are sure marks of a life dominated by worldly wisdom. Swindoll says bitter jealousy "likely refers to jealousy that harbors hard feelings. A jealous person has full hands but feels his or her own belongings or accomplishments are threatened by another’s success. This first vice usually accompanies the second: selfish ambition. The heart of an unwise person carries an insatiable hunger to push himself or herself to the top." (Insights on James, 1 & 2 Peter) Craig Blomberg on bitter jealousy - ”This kind of envy seeks the best for oneself, regardless of what might be good for another person, always wishing for others to have less than oneself, whether with possessions or with opportunities. In a group setting, “bitter jealousy” may manifest “a fierce desire to promote one’s own opinion to the exclusion of those of others.” (James) D Edmond Hiebert on bitter jealousy - “Zeal for God and His truth is a commendable attitude, but the subtleties of sinful human nature can readily pervert it into bitter antagonism against those who do not express their adherence to God and His truth in the same way we do.” Tommy Higle says bitter jealousy "refers to an envy that leads to anger and resentment. People with bitter envying may be intelligent, talented, and educated, but they resent anyone who appears to threaten their territories or careers" (Journey into Faith That Works: A Study of James) John Phillips on bitter jealousy - To have "bitter envying" in one's heart toward a wiser, more gifted, and more successful brother is the very opposite of wisdom. It leads the envious person to do and say things that are mean-spirited and contrary to the Spirit of the Lord Jesus. (Exploring the Epistle of James: An Expository Commentary - Page 101) Master's Bible Church - “Bitter jealousy” is the mindset that this world is all there is, so I covet as much of it as I can get. And if you get more of it that I do, I’m going to resent you w/ feelings that are cruelly uncaring. While the truly wise set their minds on the things above, not on thing of the earth (Col 3:2), the earthly wise “set their minds on earthly things” (Phil 3:19). But ultimately, their minds are set on themselves, & the things they want are really just offerings to the false god of self. So, there is no room in their hearts to love others, nor for the gentleness of true wisdom. And woe to anyone who accumulates more of this world’s things than they have. (James 3:13-16 An Exhibition of Wisdom) Bitter (4089)(see above for pikros) means sharp, prickly, pointed, piercing, pungent as that which sharply "pierces" or penetrates one's senses, used literally in James 3:11 of bitter water. A disposition described as bitter leaves one's heart with an unpleasant sensation, as our tastebuds react to a bitter substance in the mouth. Pikros is used here to describe jealousy as bitter. "In James 3:11 the adjective was used literally of "salt" or bitter water; here the usage is figurative, to denote a bitter or harsh attitude." (Hiebert) Jealousy would be bad enough, but here James says this jealousy is bitter which gives us the picture of resentful, harsh, sharp, cutting, piercing. Stulac says "The adjective pikros ("bitter") describes a harsh stance of demanding to be recognized as wise, instead of being willing to learn." Courson - Come to terms with the fact that if your words are bitter, it's because your heart is bitter. Out of the abundance of the heart, the mouth speaks (Matthew 12:34). Bitter words come from a bitter heart. (Jon Courson's Application Commentary) MacArthur explains that "Those whose lives are based on and motivated by human, ungodly wisdom are inevitably self-centered, living in a world in which their own personal ideas, desires, and standards are the measure of everything. Whatever and whoever serves those ends is considered good and friendly; whatever and whoever threatens those ends is considered bad and an enemy. Those who are engulfed in self-serving worldly wisdom resent anyone or anything that comes between them and their own objectives.' (James Commentary - Page 170) Rod Mattoon - The word "bitter" is from the Greek word pikros which can also mean "harsh." It is derived from a Greek root word which means "to cut, prick, pierce, or fasten together." When someone gets bitter, they pierce themselves and build up or fasten together hate for someone else. The biggest loser of your hatred and jealousy is you. Two men were envious and covetous. Their ruler summoned them to grant them one wish. The first man to choose would get his wish, but the other man would get double of the first wish. The envious man spoke up first and asked that one of his eyes be put out. The other man lost both of his eyes. Envy and bitterness hurts you as well as others....Do you rejoice when others succeed or do you have a secret envy, bitterness, and criticalness in your heart? If so, you have the wits of a withering world. (Treasures from James) D Edmond Hiebert - Since the reference seems to be to a religiously motivated feeling, "bitter zeal" or "harsh zeal" seems the best rendering. Religious zeal or "enthusiasm" for God and truth is a commendable attitude, but the subtleties of sinful human nature can readily pervert it into bitter antagonism against those who do not express their adherence to God and His truth in the same way we do. (Commentary on James or digital copy) Jealousy (2205)(zelos from zeo = to be hot, boil) was originally a good word which described fervour or zeal in advancing a cause (cf Ro 10:2) or in rendering service. Notice that "zeal" is related to fire (to be hot, to boil), so if the fire (zeal) burns under control, the results are good and God honoring. But if zeal gets out of control, it can reduce everything to ashes (so to speak). Clearly in James 3:14 zelos is used with the negative nuance describing an unholy zeal (as in Acts 5:17+, Acts 13:45, Ro 13:13, 1 Co. 3:3, 2 Cor 12:20, Gal 5:20). This negative connotation describes envy of someone else’s possessions, achievements, or advantages. It describes the spirit which cannot be content with what it has and looks with a jealous eye on every blessing given to someone else and denied to itself. Zelos describes wanting what belongs to someone else without regard for their rights. Ropes defines it as “a fierce desire to promote one’s own opinion to the exclusion of those of others." R C H
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MacArthur: Understandably, the word became closely associated with those who sought high political office or other positions of influence and power. It was used of personal gratification and self-fulfillment at any cost, which are the ultimate goals of all fleshly endeavors. It has no room for others, much less genuine humility. It is that ultimate self-elevation rampant in the world today which is the antithesis of what the humble, selfless, giving, loving, and obedient child of God is called to be. (James Commentary - Page 171) Mattoon on eritheia - The Greeks used this word to describe a politician that was out canvassing for votes at any cost. He would do anything to get people on his side. Unfortunately, there are people that creep into the church and do this among God's people in order to have their way in the church. The spirit of self-seeking creates rivalry and division in the church and the home. When a person is concerned about demoting others, understand he is also concerned with the promotion of himself. He has the wits of a withering world. Paul tells us what attitude we are supposed to have in our lives. - "Do nothing from selfishness (eritheia) or empty conceit, but with humility of mind regard one another as more important than yourselves." (Php 2:3+) Paul used eritheia again in Philippians writing "The former (Php 1:15+ "Some, to be sure, are preaching Christ even from envy and strife") proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition (eritheia) rather than from pure motives, thinking to cause me distress in my imprisonment. (Php 1:17+)"
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MacArthur: It relates only to the fallen, unredeemed man, who is wholly corrupted by the Fall and separated from God. It originates in the “natural man [who] does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised” (1 Cor. 2:14). Those who rely on this wisdom are “worldly-minded, devoid of the Spirit” (Jude 19). All of their feelings, desires, appetites, standards, and impulses are grounded in a humanistic view of the world and of man, who, understandably, becomes the measure of all things. Such wisdom not only feeds the flesh but also is foolish (1 Cor. 1:20) (The MacArthur New Testament Commentary) Dan McCartney: The context in James is best understood if the word is taken as “having to do with the ψυχή” (psychē, self, natural life, or soul), and so we might cautiously translate it “self-ish,” that is, focused on the advancement of one’s own earthly personal welfare. Earthly wisdom offers a person counsel about selfadvancement. It is the kind of “wisdom” retained by fallen angels (demons), who no doubt are very intelligent and apt at advancing themselves (in the short term). As in 1 Cor. 1:21, God’s wisdom is different from human, earthly wisdom, because it serves different aims. Envy (often considered the motivation for Satan’s rebellion; see Wis. 2:24) and selfish ambition (the desire to advance one’s power and influence to the detriment of others) are exactly the kinds of desires that motivate the demons, and so James also terms such wisdom “demonic” (in other words, wisdom that is like the “wisdom” of demons, not wisdom inspired by demons). But demonic “wisdom” is no more real wisdom than the “faith” of demons in 2:19 is real faith. (James (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)) Natural (worldly-minded, lower nature, animal, sensual) (5591)(psuchikos from psuche = soul) is literally "soulish" and pertains to the natural man versus the spiritual nature of man. Psuchikos means soulish, with affinity to natural sinful propensities, the person in whom the sarx, the flesh, is more the ruling principle even as psuchikós and psuche is for the animalistic instincts. Psuchikos pertains to life in the natural world as governed by sensual (fleshly) appetites and lived apart from the Spirit of God. It describes life apart from God, characteristic of earthly human life as opposed to what is spiritual. Wuest translates psuchikos as "unspiritual" with this amplification - "having to do with the natural, physical existence as over against the spiritual world of the supernatural." That's a good description of worldly wisdom but take time to read Johnstone's explanation below to get a fuller sense of what James intends by using psuchikos to describe earthly wisdom. William
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MacArthur - James has already made clear that disorder does not characterize God’s people but rather the “double-minded man, unstable [akatastatos]” (James 1:8) and the unredeemed tongue, which “is a restless [akatastatos] evil and full of deadly poison” (James 3:8). Because “God is not a God of confusion but of peace” (1 Cor. 14:33), biblical wisdom, on the other hand, brings harmony, unity, peace, and love. All the conflicts, crimes, battles, and wars of the world are evidence of the devastation caused by human wisdom. (See MacArthur Commentary) Evil (5337)(phaulos) means worthless, corrupt, good–for–nothing, depraved, mediocre, unimportant, of no account, vile, evil, wicked, foul, depraved. Worthlessness is the central notion and thus phaulos indicates the impossibility of any true gain ever coming forth. John MacArthur on thing (pragma) - The idea is that absolutely nothing of any ultimate good results from human wisdom. (MacArthur Commentary) 🙏 THOUGHT - That is a pretty sad commentary by Dr MacArthur on the value of the "wisdom of this world." It amounts to nothing in the light of eternity! Beloved, this is mind blowing! It begs the question of each of us as followers of Christ -- am I conducting my life being primarily guided by godly wisdom which will yield "good fruits" (2 Cor 5:10+) or am I ordering my steps along a path laced with a liberal admixture of ungodly wisdom which will yield virtually no "good fruits"? This is a sobering thought which we all do well to pause and ponder. Life is short. Eternity is long! Good fruit will endure for eternity!!! Adoniram Judson wrote that " A life once spent is irrevocable. It will remain to be contemplated through eternity… If it has been a useless life, it can never be improved. Such will stand forever and ever. The same may be said of each day. When it is once past, it is gone forever. All the marks which we put upon it, it will exhibit forever… Each day will not only be a witness of our conduct, but will affect our everlasting destiny (Note: Not in loss of salvation but of rewards - cp 1Co 3:11, 12, 13, 14, 15, Jn 15:5, 2Co 5:10+, cp 1Ti 4:7, 8+). No day will lose its share of influence in determining where shall be our seat in heaven. How shall we then wish to see each day marked with usefulness! It will then be too late to mend its appearance. It is too late to mend the days that are past. The future is in our power. Let us, then, each morning, resolve to send the day into eternity in such a garb as we shall wish it to wear forever. And at night let us reflect that one more day is irrevocably gone, indelibly marked. (See page 33-34 of A memoir of the life and labors of the Rev. Adoniram Judson) Thing (affair, matter, case) (4229)(pragma) is "that which is done or happens, deed, thing, event, occurrence, matter." (BDAG) Pragma may denote a deed or event that has occurred with no indication of its moral quality. In this context the moral character is clearly evil. In using phaulos the idea is not so much primarily that which is malignant, but rather that which is good for nothing and without possibility of ever yielding any good. However other writers like A T Robertson make the point that "In the realm of morals, what is merely indifferent soon gets to be bad." Where Does It All Begin? Where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and every evil thing are there. — James 3:16 Today's Scripture: James 3:13-4:6 Two ships collided in the Black Sea in 1986, hurling hundreds of passengers into the icy waters and causing a tragic loss of life. News of the disaster was further darkened when an investigation revealed that the accident was caused by human stubbornness. Each captain was aware of the other ship’s presence and both could have taken evasive action to avert the collision. But neither wanted to yield to the other. By the time they saw the error of their ways, it was too late. According to James, even greater havoc and loss can be created in human relationships for similar reasons (3:14-16). We prefer to blame the world’s problems on religious or political differences. But James said the root problem is “bitter envy and self-seeking in your hearts” (3:14), which stems from pride. That’s what caused Lucifer to fall from heaven (Isaiah 14:12), and Adam and Eve to lose their innocence in Eden (Genesis 3:6). Reflect & Pray There is a power of selfishness— The proud and willful I— And ere my Lord can reign in me, That proud old self must die. —Anon. Some troubles come from wanting our own way; others come from being allowed to have it. James 3:16 Where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and every evil thing will be there. (SIMILAR TO PREVIOUS DEVOTIONAL) In the summer of 1986, two ships collided in the Black Sea, causing a tragic loss of life. The news of the disaster was further darkened when an investigation revealed the cause of the accident that hurled hundreds of passengers into the icy waters. The blame did not belong to defective radar or thick fog but to human stubbornness. Both captains were aware of the other ship's presence and could have taken evasive action to avert the collision. But according to news reports, neither wanted to give way to the other. Each was too proud to yield the right-of-way. Even greater havoc and loss can be created in human relationships for much the same reason—"envy and self-seeking." We prefer to blame the world's problems on religious or political differences, but James says that the root problem is pride and self-centeredness. It caused the archangel Lucifer to fall from the heavens (Isa. 14). And our first parents, Adam and Eve, lost their innocence for the same reason. Some troubles come from wanting to have our own way; others come from being allowed to have it. James 3:17 But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy. (NASB95) Amplified But the wisdom from above is first of all pure (undefiled); then it is peace-loving, courteous (considerate, gentle). [It is willing to] yield to reason, full of compassion and good fruits; it is wholehearted and straightforward, impartial and unfeigned (free from doubts, wavering, and insincerity). Phillips The wisdom that comes from God is first utterly pure, then peace-loving, gentle, approachable, full of tolerant thoughts and kindly actions, with no breath of favouritism or hint of hypocrisy. Wuest But the wisdom which is from above is essentially pure, then peaceable, sweetly reasonable, satisfied with less than its due, compliant, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial, free from insincerity. NET But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, accommodating, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, and not hypocritical. GNT ἡ δὲ ἄνωθεν σοφία πρῶτον μὲν ἁγνή ἐστιν, ἔπειτα εἰρηνική, ἐπιεικής, εὐπειθής, μεστὴ ἐλέους καὶ καρπῶν ἀγαθῶν, ἀδιάκριτος, ἀνυπόκριτος. NLT But the wisdom from above is first of all pure. It is also peace loving, gentle at all times, and willing to yield to others. It is full of mercy and good deeds. It shows no favoritism and is always sincere. KJV But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, and easy to be intreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality, and without hypocrisy. ESV But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, open to reason, full of mercy and good fruits, impartial and sincere. ASV But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without hypocrisy. CSB But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peace-loving, gentle, compliant, full of mercy and good fruits, without favoritism and hypocrisy. NIV But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere. NKJ But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy. NRS But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without a trace of partiality or hypocrisy. YLT and the wisdom from above, first, indeed, is pure, then peaceable, gentle, easily entreated, full of kindness and good fruits, uncontentious, and unhypocritical: -- NAB But the wisdom from above is first of all pure, then peaceable, gentle, compliant, full of mercy and good fruits, without inconstancy or insincerity. NJB whereas the wisdom that comes down from above is essentially something pure; it is also peaceable, kindly and considerate; it is full of mercy and shows itself by doing good; nor is there any trace of partiality or hypocrisy in it. GWN However, the wisdom that comes from above is first of all pure. Then it is peaceful, gentle, obedient, filled with mercy and good deeds, impartial, and sincere. BBE But the wisdom which is from heaven is first holy, then gentle, readily giving way in argument, full of peace and mercy and good works, not doubting, not seeming other than it is. the wisdom from above: Jas 3:15 1:5,17 Ge 41:38,39 Ex 36:2 1Ki 3:9,12,28 1Ch 22:12 Job 28:12,23,28 Pr 2:6 Isa 11:2,3 Da 1:17 Lu 21:15 1Co 2:6,7 1Co 12:8 first pure, Jas 4:8 Mal 3:3 Mt 5:8 Php 4:8 Tit 1:15 1Jn 3:3 then peaceable: 1Ch 22:9 *marg: Isa 2:4 9:6,7 11:2-9 32:15-17 Ro 12:18 Heb 12:14 gentle: Isa 40:11 1Co 13:4-7 2Co 10:1 Ga 5:22,23 Eph 5:9 1Th 2:7 2Ti 2:24 Tit 3:2 full of mercy and good fruits: Joh 1:14 Ac 9:36 11:24 Ro 15:14 2Co 9:10 Php 1:11 Col 1:10 unwavering: Jas 2:4 Mal 2:9 1Ti 5:21 without hypocrisy: Isa 32:6 Mt 23:28 Lu 12:1,2 Joh 1:47 Ro 12:9 1Pe 1:22 2:1 1Jn 3:18 James 3 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Youtube Video Verse by Verse Teaching on James 3 5W/H Questions on James 3 for teaching and personal study EIGHT MARKS OF CELESTIAL WISDOM James 3:17–18 are a list of qualities of godly wisdom even as James 3:14–16 describe ungodly wisdom But the wisdom from above - As noted earlier from above was a rabbinical way of referring to Yahweh. This wisdom is characterized as a "good thing given and (a) perfect gift (that) is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with Whom there is no variation or shifting shadow." (James 1:17+). This "extraterrestrial" wisdom is the gift of God and is only given to believers (Eph 2:8) Proverbs comments on the Source of wisdom from above "For the LORD gives wisdom; From His mouth come knowledge and understanding." (Pr 2:6)
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MacArthur: Hypocrisy is one of the sins Jesus condemned most, four times just in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 6:2, 5, 16; 7:5). He repeatedly excoriated the scribes, Pharisees, and other Jewish leaders for their gross hypocrisy and insincerity. He warned His disciples, “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy” (Luke 12:1). When a group of Pharisees conspired to trick Him into criticizing paying taxes to Caesar, “Jesus perceived their malice, and said, ‘Why are you testing Me, you hypocrites?’” (Matt. 22:18). A short while later He told a similar group, “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which on the outside appear beautiful, but inside they are full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness. So you, too, outwardly appear righteous to men, but inwardly you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness” (Matt. 23:27–28). (James MacArthur New Testament Commentary - Page 180)
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MacArthur - There is an inexorable causal relationship between godly wisdom, genuine righteousness, and peace. Godly wisdom produces a continuing cycle of righteousness, which is planted and harvested in a peaceful, harmonious relationship between God and His faithful people and between those people themselves. As Isaiah declared, "The work of righteousness will be peace, and the service of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever" (Isa. 32:17). As James continually emphasizes, the person who professes to be a Christian must prove it by his works, his daily living. If he is a true believer, he will possess his Lord's own wisdom, and that wisdom will manifest itself in righteous, selfless, and peaceful living. He has the revelation of God's wisdom in Scripture and the teacher and interpreter of God's wisdom in the indwelling Holy Spirit. Paul therefore prayed for the church at Ephesus, "that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of Him" (Eph. 1:17). He later admonished them, "Therefore be careful how you walk, not as unwise men but as wise" (Eph 5:15). "He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food," the apostle elsewhere assures us, "will supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness" (2 Cor. 9:10), the righteousness "which comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God" (Phil. 1:11). (See James Commentary - Page 180) Dan McCartney: We may also detect here again wisdom’s functional similarity with the Holy Spirit. As Martin (1988: 133) observes, this list of wisdom’s attributes is analogous to the fruit of the Spirit in Gal. 5:22–23. And just as in Paul’s letters the Spirit is the source of faith (1 Cor. 12:9) and is received by faith (Gal. 3:2, 14), so also for James, wisdom and faith are coattendant. . . James’s point is that those who do deeds of peace and promote peace thereby plant seeds and create an environment that eventually yields righteousness, not only for the sower, but also for the whole community to whom peace comes (cf. Jas 5:20). The tongue’s fire spreads destruction, but the seeds of peace-doing disseminate into a harvest of righteousness. (James - Page 225) Craig Blomberg: The farming image contrasts strongly with the earlier images of fire, instability, and chaos. “Peace is the idea that gathers together a number of disparate ideas that are at work in this passage, as the wisdom of God leads to the peace and wholeness God desires of and for us.” Throughout all of Scripture, the idea of peace centers on the idea of “wholeness,” an idea that is “thoroughly Hebraic, meaning much more than a mere absence of disquiet. The prime notion is positive, embracing prosperity, contentment as well as security.” This concept of peace goes far beyond a shallow avoidance of problems and uncomfortable issues. Neither will wisdom “pursue peace at the expense of purity. It will not compromise with sin to maintain peace. But even when fighting against sin, it hungers for peace, yearning to heal all divisions by its wise counsel.” In essence, peace is the ultimate goal of wisdom, and wisdom only reaches its fullest potential in the midst of peace. (James) And the seed whose fruit (karpos) is righteousness - There is no Greek word for seed in Greek. NET = "the fruit that consists of righteousness" The NET Note adds that this refers to "the fruit of righteousness,” meaning righteous living as a fruit, as the thing produced." In other words, heavenly wisdom's fruit is righteousness.
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MacArthur: There is an inexorable causal relationship between godly wisdom, genuine righteousness, and peace. Godly wisdom produces a continuing cycle of righteousness, which is planted and harvested in a peaceful, harmonious relationship between God and His faithful people and between those people themselves. As Isaiah declared, “The work of righteousness will be peace, and the service of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever” (Isa. 32:17). As James continually emphasizes, the person who professes to be a Christian must prove it by his works, his daily living. If he is a true believer, he will possess his Lord’s own wisdom, and that wisdom will manifest itself in righteous, selfless, and peaceful living. He has the revelation of God’s wisdom in Scripture and the teacher and interpreter of God’s wisdom in the indwelling Holy Spirit. Paul therefore prayed for the church at Ephesus, “that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give to you a spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of Him” (Eph. 1:17). He later admonished them, “Therefore be careful how you walk, not as unwise men but as wise” (5:15). “He who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food,” the apostle elsewhere assures us, “will supply and multiply your seed for sowing and increase the harvest of your righteousness” (2 Cor. 9:10), the righteousness “which comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God” (Phil. 1:11). (MacArthur Commentary) ILLUSTRATION/APPLICATION - Settling arguments peacefully in English pubs has often been a difficult task. So, in 1955, the Guinness brewing company decided that an official record was needed to pacify its customers. The Guinness Book of World Records was created. It has been a best seller ever since. By 1987, it had sold more than any other copyrighted book in publishing history! (From “Fedco Reporter,” April, 1987.) We have a far better best seller to help us to live harmoniously: the wisdom of God’s Word. But because of selfishness, pride, and jealousy, many Christians have used the Bible to attack others and to justify themselves. James wants us to apply godly wisdom to our personal lives and relationships.Is there peace in your home? Are you at peace with those in this church? If not, check out what kind of seed you’re sowing. If you’re sowing worldly “wisdom,” you’ll reap disorder and every evil thing. If you sow God’s wisdom, you’ll reap peace. (Steven Cole) DEVOTIONAL QUESTIONS: Paul Apple page 164 1) Why do people have such an inflated opinion of their own sense of wisdom and understanding? Are they really fooling anyone with their false claims? 2) Are we training our children to make the necessary connection between practical wisdom and good deeds? … to make the necessary connection between the proper attitude and good deeds? 3) Towards what individuals do we tend to struggle with problems of jealousy and selfish ambition? How do we recognize these sinful tendencies in our life and work at putting them off and responding in unselfish love instead? 4) Would other people characterize us as "peacemakers"? Why or why not? How can we use our tongue to bless others rather than to stir up strife and trouble? A Work Of Peace The fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace. —James 3:18 Today's Scripture:James 3:13-18 The small church in Umbarger, Texas, was an unlikely place for an international work of art. But toward the end of World War II, seven Italian prisoners of war, who were being held at a large camp nearby, were chosen to help decorate the church’s plain brick walls. The prisoners were reluctant to aid their captors, but they agreed on the condition that their efforts be considered a contribution toward Christian brotherhood and understanding. But as they worked on their paintings and a woodcarving of the Last Supper, one of the POWs later recalled, “A spontaneous stream of good feelings began almost at once to flow among us.” No one spoke of the war or the past because “we were here for a work of peace and love.” Our lives are filled with unlikely settings for introducing God’s peace. We can feel imprisoned by hard feelings, strained relationships, and confining circumstances. But peace has the power to break out anywhere. James reminded us that “the wisdom that is from above is . . . peaceable, gentle, willing to yield . . . . The fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace” (James 3:17-18). Wherever we are today, let’s ask the Lord to use us as His peacemakers. By: David C. McCasland Reflect & Pray O Prince of Peace, keep us, we pray, From strife and enmity; Help us to speak with loving words That calm hostility. —Branon The best peacemakers are those who know the peace of God.