Levítico 16
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Levítico 16
MacArthur adds that "The object of this solemn ceremony was to impress the minds of the Israelites with the conviction that the whole tabernacle was stained by the sins of a guilty people. By those sins, they had forfeited the privileges of the presence of God and worship of Him, so that an atonement had to be made for their sins as the condition of God remaining with them." (Borrow MacArthur Study Bible) Leon Hyatt To cover and cleanse The Tabernacle (Lev 16:16-17) And he shall cover over the Holy [Place] because of the uncleannesses of the people of Israel and because of their transgressions according to all their sins. While in the most holy portion of The Tabernacle, Aaron was to use the blood of the sin offering of the congregation to cover and cleanse the Holy [Place] itself, just as Moses had used the blood of the sin-offering of the priests to hallow both the priests and the altar on the day of their hallowing (Lev. 8:15). The term “Holy [Place]” was a general term for any holy place (Lev. 4:6 in MESSAGE 2 under the heading of the Holy [Place]), but the context makes it clear that the Holy [Place] in question here was the inner room of The Tabernacle. and thus he shall do for the tent of meeting Then Aaron was to cleanse the whole of the Tent of Meeting. It is not clear whether he splattered blood all about The Tabernacle to cover it from the sins of the people or whether the blood ceremony he had already performed was sufficient for covering the Holy [Place] and the whole Tabernacle at the same time. Comparison with Leviticus 8:10-11,15 indicates that the splattering of the blood in The Most Place was sufficient to bring covering to the whole Tabernacle. When a person sins, everything that belongs to that person is dirtied and hurt because he abuses them with his sinfulness. which abides with them in the midst of their impurities The Tabernacle had been dirtied by the uncleanness of the Israelites, in whose midst it was. When a person sins, everything that belongs to that person is dirtied and hurt because he abuses them with his sinfulness. Since the sins of the people had dirtied The Tabernacle, it was logical and right that the blood of their sin-offering would be used to cleanse it. 🙏 THOUGHT - I was thinking about the application of the cleansing of the tabernacle and the altar and it hit me that WE are the "tabernacle" ("temple of God" - 1Co 3:16+, 1Co 6:19-20+) and our heart is the "altar" (cf Pr 4:23+) and we are daily in the world and contaminated with "impurities" which grieve the presence of God's Spirit within us (Eph 4:30+, cf quench the Spirit 1Th 5:19+) and so we need (not yearly but daily!!!) to lay our hands on the "scapegoat" (so to speak) and confess our sins, known and unknown (1Jn 1:9+), so that we might experience the fullness of the presence and the power and the pleasure of God. Are any of these "3P's" a lacking or a bit "anemic" in your (my) spiritual life? Then perhaps it is a good time to do some inner reflection (Ps 139:23,24+) and confession. Proverbs 28:13+ says "He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, But (PRAISE THE NAME OF JESUS!) he who confesses and forsakes them will find compassion." Parallels with Christ Atonement for the Holy Place – The earthly sanctuary required cleansing because of the people’s sins. Christ entered the heavenly sanctuary to cleanse it with His own blood (Heb 9:23-24). Sin’s Defilement – Sin contaminates everything it touches, including the dwelling of God. Christ bore our defilement and removed it (positionally) once for all (2 Cor 5:21). God Dwelling Among His People – God remained in the midst of Israel despite their impurities. In Christ, God came to dwell among sinners (John 1:14), bringing cleansing instead of judgment (cf Col 1:27b). Blood Applied – Just as blood cleansed the tent, Christ’s blood purifies not only people but also creation itself, restoring all things (Col 1:20; Heb 9:14; cf 1Jn 1:7+ = "the blood of Jesus His Son [present tense - continually] cleanses us from all sin."). Holiness Preserved – Atonement ensured God’s holiness was not compromised by dwelling with a sinful people. Christ preserves God’s holiness while reconciling sinners (Ro 3:25-26). DEVOTIONAL He Has Removed Our Sins from Us (Lev. 16) I don’t know how she got my phone number. But she called my Phoenix home daily from Toronto, Canada. She was one of those folks who are tormented by uncertainty. Was she really forgiven? Did she really believe? Had God accepted her? After each conversation she seemed relieved, reassured. But the next day, the phone would ring again, as she shared her inner torment. The ceremony described in Leviticus 16 reminds us that God doesn’t intend you or me to doubt. He wants us to know that we are forgiven. He wants us to worship Him in the full assurance of faith. What conveys assurance? The image of the scapegoat. The picture of the high priest, symbolically transferring “all the wickedness and rebellion of the Israelites-all of their sins”—to the goat. And the picture of that goat being led out into the wilderness, never to be seen in the community of Israel again. David understood the message, and wrote in one of his psalms, “As far as the east is from the west, so far has He removed our transgressions from us” (Ps. 103:12). Call up that image next time you feel uncertain about your relationship with God. Imagine all your sins. Close your eyes, and sense your sins being carried away, not by Israel’s scapegoat, but by Jesus Himself. Then let assurance of forgiveness bring you inner peace. Your sins are gone. As far as the east is from the west. So you truly are free. Free to worship God and to give Him thanks. Personal Application How does knowing that you are forgiven affect your feelings about God? About yourself? About your past sins and failures? Quotable “What could you want that forgiveness cannot give? Do you want peace? Forgiveness offers it. Do you want happiness, a quiet mind, certainty of purpose, and a sense of worth and beauty that transcends the world? Do you want care and safety, the warmth of sure protection always? Do you want quietness that cannot be disturbed, a gentleness that can never be hurt, a deep abiding comfort, and a rest so perfect it can never be upset? “All this forgiveness offers you, and more. It sparkles in your eyes as you awake, and gives you joy with which to meet the day. It soothes your forehead while you sleep, and rests upon your eyelids so you see no dreams of fear and evil, malice and attack. And when you wake again, it offers you another day of happiness and peace.”—Gerald Jampolsky, M.D. (Lawrence Richards - BORROW The 365 Day Devotional Commentary PAGE 80) Leviticus 16:17 "When he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out, that he may make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel. no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out: Ex 34:3 Isa 53:6 Da 9:24 Lu 1:10 Ac 4:12 1Ti 2:5 Heb 1:3 9:7 1Pe 2:24 3:18 that he may make atonement for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel: Lev 16:10,11 Leviticus 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Hebrews 9:24-28+ For Christ did not enter a holy place made with hands, a mere copy of the true one, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us; 25 nor was it that He would offer Himself often, as the high priest enters the holy place year by year with blood that is not his own. 26 Otherwise, He would have needed to suffer often since the foundation of the world; but now once at the consummation of the ages He has been manifested to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. 27 And inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once and after this comes judgment, 28 so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time for salvation without reference to sin, to those who eagerly await Him. THE HIGH PRIEST'S SOLITARY WORK OF ATONEMENT When he goes in to make atonement (kaphar; Lxx = exilaskomai) in the holy place, no one shall be in the tent of meeting until he comes out, that he may make atonement (kaphar; Lxx = exilaskomai) for himself and for his household and for all the assembly of Israel -- This passage emphasizes the solitary work of the high priest on the Day of Atonement. No one else was permitted inside the tent of meeting while he entered the Holy of Holies. This underscores both the uniqueness and the gravity of the act of atonement. It was not a shared duty, nor could it be assisted by others—the high priest alone bore the responsibility of entering with blood to secure cleansing for himself, his household, and the entire nation. This scene foreshadows the solitary and sufficient work of Christ, our Great High Priest, Who hung as an offering on the old rugged cross Alone. And after rising and ascending entered the heavenly sanctuary Alone (Heb 4:14+, Heb 6:19-20+), through His own blood, to secure eternal redemption (Hebrews 9:12+). Just as no Israelite could intrude upon Aaron’s work, so no human work can add to Christ’s finished work. Salvation rests solely in Him and is attained by man solely by faith in Christ. Amen. Addendum: The fact that the High Priest performed the work of atonement ALONE, pictures Jesus as the One Who alone accomplished full and final atonement for mankind. Jesus quoted Zechariah's prophecy that He would be left alone declaring to His disciples "You will all fall away, because it is written, 'I WILL STRIKE DOWN THE SHEPHERD, AND THE SHEEP SHALL BE SCATTERED.' (Mk 14:27, Mt 26:31 both taken from Zech 13:7) In John Jesus declared "Behold, an hour is coming, and has already come, for you to be scattered, each to his own home, and to leave Me alone; and yet I am not alone, because the Father is with Me." (Jn 16:32) Isaiah's prophecy also seems to allude to Jesus being left alone to accomplish the work of redemption, asking "who shall declare His generation?" (Isaiah 53:8). Henry
Levítico 16
MacArthur - This act of denying oneself was probably with respect to food, making the Day of Atonement the only day of prescribed fasting in Israel's annual calendar. (Borrow MacArthur Study Bible) 'Anah is in fact used in the context of fasting in several other passages… Ps 35:13 "But as for me, when they were sick, my clothing was sackcloth; I humbled ('anah) my soul with fasting; And my prayer kept returning to my bosom." Isaiah 58:3 ‘Why have we fasted and Thou dost not see? [Why] have we humbled ourselves (Ed: the implication being that when they fasted, they humbled themselves) and Thou dost not notice?’ Behold, on the day of your fast (Ed: the day you "humbled" yourselves) you find [your] desire, And drive hard all your workers. Isaiah 58:5 “Is it a fast like this which I choose, a day for a man to humble himself? Is it for bowing one’s head like a reed, And for spreading out sackcloth and ashes as a bed? Will you call this a fast, even an acceptable day to the LORD? Anah - 75v in NAS - afflict(16), afflict him at all(1), afflicted(22), affliction(1), disturbed(1), do violence(1), force(1), humble(12), humbled(6), humbling(1), mistreat(1), oppressed(1), oppressors(1), ravish(1), ravished(2), silenced(1), submit(1), treated her harshly(1), violate(1), violated(5), weakened(1). KJV translates - afflict 50, humble 11, force 5, exercised 2, sing 2, Leannoth 1, troubled 1, weakened 1, misc 11; 84 (Note more uses in KJV). Gen. 15:13; Gen. 16:6; Gen. 16:9; Gen. 31:50; Gen. 34:2; Exod. 1:11; Exod. 1:12; Exod. 10:3; Exod. 22:22; Exod. 22:23; Lev. 16:29; Lev. 16:31; Lev. 23:27; Lev. 23:29; Lev. 23:32; Num. 24:24; Num. 29:7; Num. 30:13; Deut. 8:2; Deut. 8:3; Deut. 8:16; Deut. 21:14; Deut. 22:24; Deut. 22:29; Deut. 26:6; Jdg. 16:5; Jdg. 16:6; Jdg. 16:19; Jdg. 19:24; Jdg. 20:5; 2 Sam. 7:10; 2 Sam. 13:12; 2 Sam. 13:14; 2 Sam. 13:22; 2 Sam. 13:32; 1 Ki. 2:26; 1 Ki. 8:35; 1 Ki. 11:39; 2 Ki. 17:20; 2 Chr. 6:26; Ezr. 8:21; Job 30:11; Job 37:23; Ps. 35:13; Ps. 88:7; Ps. 89:22; Ps. 90:15; Ps. 94:5; Ps. 102:23; Ps. 105:18; Ps. 107:17; Ps. 116:10; Ps. 119:67; Ps. 119:71; Ps. 119:75; Ps. 119:107; Ps. 132:1; Ps. 140:12; Isa. 25:5; Isa. 31:4; Isa. 53:4; Isa. 53:7; Isa. 58:3; Isa. 58:5; Isa. 58:10; Isa. 60:14; Isa. 64:12; Lam. 3:33; Lam. 5:11; Ezek. 22:10; Ezek. 22:11; Dan. 10:12; Nah. 1:12; Zeph. 3:19; Zech. 10:2 Leviticus 16:30 for it is on this day that atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you; you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD. Ps 51:2,7,10 Jer 33:8 Eze 36:25-27 Eph 5:26 Tit 2:14 Heb 9:13,14 Heb 10:1,2 1Jn 1:7-9 Leviticus 16 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Hebrews 9:13-14+ For if the blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled sanctify for the cleansing of the flesh, how much more (see argument of Qal wahomer) will the blood of Christ, Who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without blemish to God, cleanse (katharizo - used in the Septuagint of Lev 16:19, 20, 30) your conscience from dead works (cp the stipulation here in Lev 16:29 to abstain from work!) to serve the living God? ) THE GLORIOUS DAY OF FULL CLEANSING For - This is a term of explanation (NIV uses "because") which explains why this day was so special and was to be a permanent statute. This verse sums up the heart of the Day of Atonement. On this day, God graciously provided a means for the entire nation to be cleansed from sin through the blood sacrifices offered by the high priest. The cleansing was not merely symbolic washing but a God-ordained covering of sin that allowed Israel to continue in covenant fellowship with Him. The promise was stunning: “you will be clean from all your sins before the LORD.” Yet this cleansing was temporary and had to be repeated year after year, pointing forward to the greater cleansing that Christ would bring. In Him, the shadows of the Day of Atonement find their substance, for by His one offering He has made His people forever clean. It is on this day that atonement (kaphar; Lxx = exilaskomai) shall be made for you to cleanse (taher; Lxx = katharizo) you - The blood ritual provided a covering (atonement) before God’s holiness so that sinners would not be consumed. You will be clean from all your sins (chattat/chattath) before the LORD (Ps 103:12; Isa 38:17; Mic 7:19). This day provided ceremonial cleansing for one year, and pictured the forgiveness of God. And remember that it also provided for cleansing of the Tabernacle and altar, which was critical in assuring they would continue to experience the presence of Jehovah in their midst. As noted above the Day of Atonement meant that, on a national, ceremonial level, the people were ritually cleansed and covenant fellowship with God was preserved. In that sense, all Israel benefited, regardless of individual belief. What About the Individual Jew? For the individual, the ritual only had real value when joined with personal repentance and faith in God. Many OT passages stress that God despised sacrifices offered without true repentance: Isa 1:11–17 – “Bring your worthless offerings no longer…” Ps 51:16–17 – “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart…” Lev 23:29 – warns that anyone who did not “humble himself” on the Day of Atonement would be “cut off from his people.” So the ceremony was effective ritually for all, but spiritually only for those who humbled themselves in repentance and faith. Leon Hyatt For on this day you must be covered to cleanse you from all your sins. At Jehovah’s face, you must be clean. Jehovah required those who were His people to be covered from theirs sins on the Day of Coverings. They were His people, but they still had sin in their lives. On this day, all of them needed to be forgiven of their sins so they could serve Him more fully. The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), occurring on the 10th day of the seventh month, (Tishri, Sept-Oct) has eschatological significance for it prefigures the national repentance of Israel, at the end of the time of Jacob's Distress, the 3.5 year period known as the Great Tribulation when 2/3's the Jews alive at that time will be killed (Zech 13:8-9+). One third of Israel will be a believing remnant of Jews (See study of "Remnant") who will turn to the Messiah and be forgiven (Zech 3:9, Zech 12:10+; Zech 13:1+). On the Day of Atonement, God commanded that no work be done. The only person permitted to act was the high priest. God underscored this command with a warning of destruction for anyone who violated it. This restriction served as a shadow of the greater reality: salvation is not achieved by human effort but by the finished work of Christ, our Great High Priest. As Titus 3:5+ reminds us, it is “not on the basis of deeds which we have done” but solely through God’s mercy. Just as Israel was forbidden from contributing to the atoning work on that day, so too no human works can contribute to the cleansing of our sins. Christ’s work, and His alone, is the source of eternal salvation. Cleanse (02891) (taher) is used in OT almost exclusively of moral or ritual purity (Exceptions Job 37:21, Mal 3:3). In Lev 16:30 it is translated with katharizo (from katharos = pure, clean, without stain or spot; English words - catharsis = emotional or physical purging, cathartic = substance used to induce a purging, Cathar = member of a medieval sect which sought the purging of evil from its members). Katharizo means to make clean by taking away an undesirable part. To cleanse from filth or impurity.) Taher - 79x in NAS (Note concentration in Leviticus) - become clean(2), becomes clean(2), becomes cleansed(1), clean(25), cleanse(15), cleansed(19), cleansing(1), cleared(1), pronounce him clean(6), pronounce the clean(1), pronounce clean(2), pronounces him clean(1), pronouncing it clean(1), pure(2), purge(1), purged(2), purified(5), purifier(1), purify(5), purifying(1), remain(1), unclean*(1). Gen 35:2; Lev 11:32; 12:7f; 13:6, 13, 17, 23, 28, 34, 37, 58f; 14:4, 7ff, 11, 14, 17ff, 25, 28f, 31, 48, 53; 15:13, 28; 16:19, 30; 17:15; 22:4, 7; Num 8:6f, 15, 21; 19:12, 19; 31:23f; Josh 22:17; 2 Kgs 5:10, 12ff; 2 Chr 29:15f, 18; 30:18; 34:3, 5, 8; Ezra 6:20; Neh 12:30; 13:9, 22, 30; Job 4:17; 37:21; Ps 51:2, 7; Pr 20:9; Isa 66:17; Jer 13:27; 33:8; Ezek 22:24; 24:13; 36:25, 33; 37:23; 39:12, 14, 16; 43:26; Mal 3:3. Below are some representative uses of taher… The importance of purification antedated the giving of the Law for even Jacob understood this concept… So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Put away the foreign gods which are among you, and purify (command using taher; Lxx = katharizo) yourselves, and change your garments; (Ge 35:2) David prayed to God… Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity and cleanse (taher; Lxx = katharizo) me from my sin. (Ps 51:2-+) Purify (imperfect verbal form is used here to express David's wish or request) me with hyssop, and I shall be clean (taher; Lxx = katharizo); Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. (Ps 51:7-+) NET Note: David uses the language and imagery of such rites (cleansing himself with hyssop - cp Ex 12:22, Lev 14:4-6, 49-52, Nu 19:6-18) to describe spiritual cleansing through forgiveness. Comment: David used a similar Hebrew word tahor in Ps 51:10-+ ("clean" = tahor; Lxx = katharos) Here is one of the most important questions any person can ever ask… Who can say, “I have cleansed (taher) my heart, I am pure from my sin”? (Pr 20:9, see also Eccl 7:20) Click here (and here) for more background on the important Biblical concept of clean and cleansing. COMPARISON OF SHADOW OF OT ATONEMENT WITH THE SUBSTANCE OF CHRIST - On the Day of Atonement, atonement was made once every year, but Christ offered Himself once for all, never needing to repeat His sacrifice (Hebrews 9:12; 10:10). The high priest entered the Most Holy Place with the blood of animals, but Jesus entered the heavenly sanctuary with His own precious blood (Hebrews 9:12). The people of Israel were cleansed outwardly from ritual impurity, but through Christ believers are cleansed inwardly, with hearts and consciences made pure (Hebrews 9:14; 10:22). The yearly ritual brought only a temporary covering of sin, but Christ’s offering brings a permanent and complete cleansing (Hebrews 10:14, 17–18). On that day Israel was declared clean before the LORD, but in Christ we are made righteous forever, standing blameless in His presence (Colossians 1:22; Jude 24). David