Jeremias 33
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Jeremias 33
MacArthur says "Many, even today, believe Israel as a nation has no future." Stated another many evangelicals speak with contempt about Israel, concluding that God has rejected Israel as a nation and then go on to conclude that the Church receives the promises given to Israel. Beloved, "Replacement theology or supersessionism" borders on (if not being overtly) Anti-Semitism. Some who hold this unbiblical view may simply be ignorant of the many Old Testament promises that Jehovah has made to Israel and do not realize that if interpreted literally the Church could not possibly be the recipient of this veritable plethora of divine promises! Unfortunately, as stated elsewhere in my comments, the most "highly ranked" commentaries on Jeremiah (for the most part) hold to a non-literal interpretation of the prophecies given by Jehovah to the literal nation of Israel! While sadly there are not many published commentaries to recommend (ones that hold to a literal interpretation of Scripture), I would recommend the following for your consideration: Jeremiah - New American Commentary - F B Huey Expositor's Bible Commentary - Jeremiah - Charles Feinberg (1986 edition) Expositor's Bible Commentary - Jeremiah - Michael Brown (2010 edition) Moody Bible Commentary - Charles Dyer Bible Knowledge Commentary - Charles Dyer Thomas Constable's Expository Notes John MacArthur Study Bible Holman Christian Standard Bible - Study Bible NET Notes in the NET Bible Other sources that interpret Jeremiah's prophecies literally can be found in Jeremiah Commentaries, with the caveat that not every one of the commentaries in this listing interprets the text literally (e.g., John Calvin, Matthew Henry, et al), but most of these have some sort of "warning sign" like "amillennial" or "non-literal." God answer this false belief that He has rejected them in Jeremiah 33:26! As you might imagine, this is a difficult passage for replacement theologians to explain! My people - Don't miss the significance of this possessive pronoun "My" for even in this short phrase it is clear that Jehovah has not cast off the literal nation of Israel forever, contrary to what some modern evangelical theologians teach! People have spoken...the two families...He has rejected them - "The Judahites had concluded that Yahweh had rejected the two families of the Israelites: the Northern and Southern Kingdoms (cf. Jer 30:3). They were saying that there was no future for them as nations." (Constable) God answer this false belief that He has rejected them in Jeremiah 33:26! No longer are they as a nation in their sight (NET = "they have little regard that my people will ever again be a nation") NLT paraphrases it " They are sneering and saying that Israel is not worthy to be counted as a nation."
Jeremias 33
MacArthur - The Lord would answer their prayer, by returning the Jews to their land, cf. Daniel’s example and God’s response (Da 9:4–27). Fulfillment would occur in the era of Ezra and Nehemiah, and beyond this in even fuller measure after the Second Advent of their Messiah (cf. Da 2:35, 45; 7:13, 14, 27; 12:1–3, 13). Jeremiah 30:3-note ‘For, behold, days are coming,’ declares the LORD, ‘when I will restore the fortunes of My people Israel and Judah.’ The LORD says, ‘I will also bring them back to the land that I gave to their forefathers, and they shall possess it.’” Jeremiah 30:18-note “Thus says the LORD, ‘Behold, I will restore the fortunes of the tents of Jacob And have compassion on his dwelling places; And the city shall be rebuilt on its ruin, And the palace shall stand on its rightful place. Jeremiah 31:23-note Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, “Once again they will speak this word in the land of Judah and in its cities, when I restore their fortunes, ‘The LORD bless you, O abode of righteousness, O holy hill!’ Jeremiah 32:44-note 'Men will buy fields for money, sign and seal deeds, and call in witnesses in the land of Benjamin, in the environs of Jerusalem, in the cities of Judah, in the cities of the hill country, in the cities of the lowland and in the cities of the Negev; for I will restore their fortunes,' declares the LORD." Jeremiah 33:7-note 'I will restore the fortunes of Judah and the fortunes of Israel and will rebuild them as they were at first. Jeremiah 33:11-note the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the voice of those who say, “Give thanks to the LORD of hosts, For the LORD is good, For His lovingkindness is everlasting”; and of those who bring a thank offering into the house of the LORD. For I will restore the fortunes of the land as they were at first,’ says the LORD. Jeremiah 33:26-note then I would reject the descendants of Jacob and David My servant, not taking from his descendants rulers over the descendants of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. But I will restore their fortunes and will have mercy on them.'" Jeremiah 48:47 “Yet I will restore the fortunes of Moab In the latter days,” declares the LORD. Thus far the judgment on Moab. Jeremiah 49:6 “But afterward I will restore The fortunes of the sons of Ammon,” Declares the LORD. Jeremiah 49:39 ‘But it will come about in the last days That I shall restore the fortunes of Elam,’” Declares the LORD. Lamentations 2:14 Your prophets have seen for you False and foolish visions; And they have not exposed your iniquity So as to restore you from captivity, But they have seen for you false and misleading oracles. Ezekiel 16:53-note “Nevertheless, I will restore their captivity, the captivity of Sodom and her daughters, the captivity of Samaria and her daughters, and along with them your own captivity, Ezekiel 29:14 “And I shall turn the fortunes of Egypt and shall make them return to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin; and there they will be a lowly kingdom. Ezekiel 39:25-note Therefore thus says the Lord GOD, “Now I shall restore the fortunes of Jacob, and have mercy on the whole house of Israel; and I shall be jealous for My holy name. Hosea 6:11 Also, O Judah, there is a harvest appointed for you, When I restore the fortunes of My people. Joel 3:1-note “For behold, in those days and at that time, When I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem, Amos 9:14 “Also I will restore the captivity of My people Israel, And they will rebuild the ruined cities and live in them, They will also plant vineyards and drink their wine, And make gardens and eat their fruit. Zephaniah 2:7 And the coast will be For the remnant of the house of Judah, They will pasture on it. In the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down at evening; For the LORD their God will care for them And restore their fortune. Zephaniah 3:20-note “At that time I will bring you in, Even at the time when I gather you together; Indeed, I will give you renown and praise Among all the peoples of the earth, When I restore your fortunes before your eyes,” Says the LORD. Fortunes (07622) (shebuth from shabah = to take captive but some think it originates from shub = to return, restore) is a feminine noun which has two main meanings in the OT, (1) captivity, captives (esp Nu 21:29 referring to Moab), implying control and oppression and (2) fortunes, assets (primarily possessions, materials, and property though not exclusively so which will make life easier and more secure). One could see how both senses are meant in some passages because to restore someone from captivity is tantamount to bringing them into a place of good fortune. Rebuild them - Similar promises to rebuild Israel are found in Jer 30:18-note and Jer 31:4-note which echo the last section of the promise in Jer 1:10. NET Note on at first - This phrase simply means “as formerly” (BDB 911 s.v. רִאשׁוֹן 3.a). The reference to the “as formerly” must be established from the context. See the usage in Jdg 20:32; 1Ki 13:6; Isa 1:26. Reference is to the reunification of Israel and Judah to the state that they were before the division after Solomon. Compare Jer 3:18; 30:3; 31:27 and see the study note on Jer 30:3 (Here is the Study Note on Jer 30:3 = As the nations of Israel and Judah were united in their sin and suffered the same fate – that of exile and dispersion – (cf. Jer 3:8; 5:11; 11:10, 17) so they will ultimately be regathered from the nations and rejoined under one king, a descendant of David, and regain possession of their ancestral lands. The prophets of both the eighth and seventh century looked forward to this ideal (see, e.g., Hos 1:11 (2:2 HT); Isa 11:11–13; Jer 23:5–6; 30:3; 33:7; Ezek 37:15–22). This has already been anticipated in Jer 3:18.) Jeremiah 33:8 'I will cleanse them from all their iniquity by which they have sinned against Me, and I will pardon all their iniquities by which they have sinned against Me and by which they have transgressed against Me. CLEANSING AND PARDON IN THE NEW COVENANT While this Scripture does not specifically mention the New Covenant, clearly cleansing of Israel's heart and pardon of all (not some but all) her iniquities is only accomplished by the New Covenant as it is entered by grace through faith. Cleansing and pardon are the fruit of salvation and salvation is only by grace through faith in the New Covenant in Messiah's blood. When He returns all of the believing remnant of Israel will be saved (Ro 11:26-note)! G Campbell
Jeremias 33
MacArthur - Though the crown was placed on the head of Joshua, the High-Priest (Zech 6:11), the act was a symbol of that future crowning of Messiah, the Branch (cf. Zech 3:8). In Messiah, the offices of king and priest will be united....The building of the restoration Temple was promised to Zerubbabel (cf. Zech 4:9, 10). The building of this Temple, promised to Messiah, points to the construction of the Millennial Temple (cf. Isa 2:2-4-note; Eze 40:1–43:27; Hag 2:6–9). (Ed: See A C Gaebelein's summary notes on the Millennial Temple in Ezekiel ) ESV Study Bible - Joshua is to be crowned as a symbol of the reality to come, the Branch, a reference to Jer 33:15. Zechariah reiterates Jeremiah’s promise of a coming King Who will flourish and branch out and build the temple of the LORD and will bear royal honor, reflecting the authority and legitimacy of the king’s rule....The coming King will sit on His throne, with a priest also seated on a throne (perhaps next to Him). As in Jeremiah 33, the continuance of the Davidic monarchy and the Levitical priesthood are intertwined. The King is necessary to rebuild the temple, while the Levitical priests stand before the Lord in that renewed Temple, offering sacrifices (Jer 33:18). Of David - To what does this refer? It refers to the fact that the Messiah would come from the lineage of David. In fact Matthew begins his Gospel declaring "the book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham." (Mt 1:1) The description "son of David" links Jesus to Messianic line and fulfills the promise made to David that his offspring "shall build a house for My name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever (Ed: This prophecy cannot refer to Solomon who died but can only refer to the eternal Messiah)...And your house and your kingdom shall endure before Me forever; your throne shall be established forever.” (Ed: These two uses of "forever" mark this as a prophecy of the Messiah, the greater Son of David) (2Sa 7:13,16, cp 1Kings 2:4) In Jeremiah 22:30 we read what seems like a promise which is the very opposite of that given to David - “Thus says the LORD, ‘Write this man down childless, A man who will not prosper in his days; For no man of his descendants will prosper Sitting on the throne of David Or ruling again in Judah.’” MacArthur explains that "Jeconiah did have offspring (1Ch 3:17, 18), but he was reckoned childless in the sense that he had no sons who would reign (“Sitting on the throne"). The curse continued in his descendants down to Joseph, the husband of Mary. How could Jesus then be the Messiah when His father was under this curse? It was because Joseph was not involved in the blood line of Jesus since He was virgin born (Mt 1:12). Jesus’ blood right to the throne of David came through Mary from Nathan, Solomon’s brother, not Solomon (Jeconiah’s line) thus bypassing this curse (Lk 3:31, 32). Cf. Jer 36:30." In Jeremiah 23:5 Jehovah promised "Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD, “When I shall raise up for David a righteous Branch; And He will reign as king and act wisely And do justice and righteousness in the land. Luke records the angelic messenger's words to Mary declaring “behold, you will conceive in your womb, and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. He will be great, and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David. (Lk 1:31, 32) In Mary's famous "Magnificat" she proclaims "Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for He has visited us and accomplished redemption for His people, and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of David His servant as He spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from of old." (Lk 1:68-70) OUR MESSIAH THE RIGHTEOUS BRAND Branch (06780)(tsemach from tsamach) is a noun which means a sprout, a branch or a growth and is used literally (Ge 19:25; Ps 65:10) but most significantly is used five times figuratively as a Name of the Messiah (Jer 33:15, Jer 23:5, Isa 4:2, Zechariah 3:8, Zechariah 6:12). See Walter Kaiser's excellent note below. Tsemach - Branch (5), growth (1), heads(1), plants(1), sprouting(1), sprouts(1), what grew(1), where it grew(1). Tsemach - 12x in 12v - Ge 19:25; Ps 65:10; Isa 4:2; 61:11; Jer 23:5; 33:15; Ezek 16:7; 17:9f; Hos 8:7; Zech 3:8; 6:12 Spring forth (06779) (tsamach) is a verb which means to sprout, spring up, grow up. The majority of the first uses of tsamach in the Pentateuch are literal and refer to growth of plants - In Ge 2:5 = "No plant had yet sprouted". In Ge 2:9 = "Out of the ground the LORD God caused to grow every tree that is pleasing to the sight and good for food." (cp Ps 104:14, 147:8, Eccl 2:6) In Ge 3:18 God describes the earth's curse because of Adam's sin = "Both thorns and thistles it shall grow for you." In Joseph's dream "seven ears, thin and scorched by the east wind, sprouted up after them." (Ge 41:6, 23). In Ex 10:5 Moses told Pharaoh that the locusts were to "eat every tree which sprouts for you out of the field." Jdg 16:22 refers to the Samson's hair which "began to grow again after it was shaved off." (cp growth of beards = 2Sa 10:5, 1Chr 19:5) 2 Sa 23:5 are some of the last words of David = "Truly is not my house so with God? For He has made an everlasting covenant with me [Davidic Covenant], Ordered in all things, and secured; For all my salvation and all my desire, Will He not indeed make it grow? Tsamach refers to a plant as it breaks forth out of the ground (Ge. 2:5, 9); or to trees as they grow from the ground (Ex. 10:5). Both God and the ground cause plants, trees, etc. to sprout (Ge. 3:18). Tsamach describe Samson's hair beginning to grow (Jdg 16:22-note; cf 2 Sa 10:5). Figurative uses of tsamach - "trouble sprout from the ground" = Job 5:6; "out of the dust others will spring" (man’s offspring) = Job 8:19; "Truth springs from the earth = Ps. 85:11; "I will cause the horn of David to spring forth" (referring to springing up of kings from David) = Ps. 132:17; Jer 33:15; Ezek 29:21; Zech. 6:12; "Before they spring forth I proclaim them to you" (referring to springing forth of new things ordained by God = Isa. 42:9; 43:19) Isaiah 55:10 (cp Isa 61:1) says let "righteousness spring up (Lxx = anatello - cause to spring up, Mt 5:45) with it" (with salvation which itself bears fruit). Ezek 17:6 pictures Israel as a vine which "sprouted." Tsamach has Messianic overtones (some but not all are in the verses that follow) Ps 132:17, Is 42:9, Isa 43:19, Isa 44:4, Isa 45:8, Isa 55:10, Isa 58:8, Isa 61:11, Jer 33:15, Ezek 29:21 Zec 6:12 Here are some other interesting uses of tsamach... Psalm 132:17 "There I will cause the horn of David to spring forth; I have prepared a lamp for Mine anointed (mashiach)." Comment - Some (e.g., NET Bible and Notes) think this refers to power (military strength) of David's kingdom, but in context it seems much more likely to refers to the Messiah God's Anointed One! Isaiah 44:4 And they will spring up among the grass Like poplars by streams of water.' Comment - Who is they? Isa 44:1 "Jacob, My servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen." In context this is a prophecy directed to literal Israel and it will be fully fulfilled when Messiah returns, for Isa 44:3 says " I will pour out My Spirit on your (Who in context? the nation of Israel's) offspring, and My blessing on your descendants." While some Jews have been saved and had the Spirit "poured" out on them, this prophecy has not be completely fulfilled, for this has not happened to the nation as it will in the end times. Bible Knowledge Commentary - This outpouring of the Spirit will occur when the people have returned in belief to the land (cf. Ezek. 36:24, 27; Joel 2:25–29) just after the Messiah’s second coming to establish the Millennium. Isaiah 58:8 "Then your light will break out like the dawn, And your recovery will speedily spring forth; And your righteousness will go before you; The glory of the LORD will be your rear guard. John MacArthur - When Israel learned the proper way to fast, she would enjoy the blessings of salvation and the Messiah’s kingdom (Isa 52:12) (Ed: In the Millennium). Isaiah 61:11 For as the earth brings forth its sprouts (noun form tsemach - -6780), And as a garden causes the things sown in it to spring up (literal), So the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring up (figurative) before all the nations. Comment - This passage also describes an end times scenario. How can we be sure? Note the phrase "praise to spring up before all the nations" something that has not yet occurred nor it will until the Desire of the Nations Messiah returns to reign and rule. Ezekiel 29:21 "On that day I will make a horn sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth in their midst. Then they will know that I am the LORD." Comment - What day? This is not clear from the context, and there are a number of commentaries who feel this describes the restoration of Israel in the end times. The NLT reads "And the day will come when I will cause the ancient glory of Israel to revive, and then, Ezekiel, your words will be respected. Then they will know that I am the LORD." The phrase "they will know that I am the LORD" is found 26x in the OT all in Ezekiel and some refer to the time of Ezekiel (Ezek 33:29) but others are in the context of end times (Ezek 34:27 where "secure in the their [Israel's] land" = not been fulfilled! cp Ezek 36:38, 38:23, 39:6, 28). The point is that this phrase in Ezek 29:21 could support an end times fulfillment. However it is best to not be dogmatic. Zechariah 6:12 "Then say to him, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts, "Behold, a man whose name is Branch, for He will branch out (tsamach) from where He is; and He will build the temple of the LORD. Comment - This passage clearly uses tsamach to describe the Messiah Who will rebuild the Millennial Temple (Ezekiel 40:1-48:35) Walter Kaiser comments on the noun tsemach and the verb - The first writer to take up the thought of 2Sa 23:5 and use the root smh as a noun to designate the Messiah is Isaiah (Isa 4:2). Many deny that Isaiah is referring to the Messiah when he speaks of “the Branch or Shoot of Yahweh” because it is paralleled by the expression “the fruit of the earth.” Therefore, Isa 4:2 is simply a reference to the agricultural prosperity of the land. But this view fails to notice that both of these expressions are elsewhere messianic. It also neglects to account for the unusual limitation of this fruitfulness “in that day”; the fruitfulness is for the survivors of Israel. Furthermore, they overlook the progressive nature of revelation, for certainly 2Sa 23:5 and perhaps Ps 132:17 are controlling ideas when we come to the eighth century B.C. Thus the “Sprout of Yahweh” (or as clarified by the cognate studies, “the son of Yahweh”) is an obvious reference to the divine nature of the tsemach. Yet his human nature is also in view, for he is “the Offspring or Fruit of the Earth.” In Jer 23:5–6 and Jer 33:15–16, He is “the Righteous Branch [or Sprout)” raised up for David to reign as King. While focusing on His human, but regal nature, this passage also stresses His deity by calling Him “the Lord our Righteousness.” Note that the context of both passages is the promise that Israel will return to the land. Even more pointedly, Jer 33:19–26 sets the tsemach promise in line with God’s previous promises to Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the Levite priests, and David! Zechariah 3:8 pictures the Branch (tsemach) as the Lord’s Servant. No doubt the allusion is to Isaiah’s archetypal statements concerning Yah-weh’s Servant, Jesus Christ. In Zech 6:12 the prophet proclaims, “Behold the Man” who is “a priest on his throne,” a ruler, a counselor of peace, whose name is Branch. Zechariah sees the high priest Joshua as a type of the promise, but only a pledge of God’s future fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The Dead Sea Scrolls use the phrase tsemah dāwîd as a Messianic term in explanation of the Davidic covenant of 2Sa 7:14 (JBL 77:353). The NT makes at least two references to this messianic title “Branch” using the LXX translation of the root smh: anatolē and anatellō. Hebrews 7:14 is to be translated “our Lord sprang forth (or sprouted - anatello in perfect tense) from Judah.” But in Luke 1:78KJV with its anatolē ex hypsous ("the Dayspring from on high hath visited us") the equation of tsemach YHWH is complete. Therefore we translate the verse, “Because of the tender mercy of our God by which the Branch from on High shall visit us.” The only change needed is to convert the term “height” into the divine name and the OT expression appears again. Additional evidence for this Messianic concept may be found in netser/neser “branch” and hōter “shoot” (Isa 11:1) and yônēq “young plant” and šōresh “root” (Isa 53:2). (TWOT) Tsamach in NAS is translated as - branch(1), grow(8), growing(1), grown(2), spring(5), spring forth(5), springs(1), sprout(4), sprouted(4), sprouts(1), unproductive*(1). Tsamach - 32v - Ge 2:5, 9; 3:18; 41:6, 23; Ex 10:5; Lev 13:37; Deut 29:23; Jdg 16:22; 2 Sam 10:5; 23:5; 1Chr 19:5; Job 5:6; 8:19; 38:27; Ps 85:11; 104:14; 132:17; 147:8; Eccl 2:6; Isa 42:9; 43:19; 44:4; 45:8; 55:10; 58:8; 61:11; Jer 33:15; Ezek 16:7; 17:6; 29:21; Zech 6:12 Gilbrant on the verb tsamach - meaning "to sprout" or "to grow." The Qal stem occurs fifteen times, usually referring to the sprouting or growing of various kinds of plants. Thus, plants and herbs sprout (Gen. 2:5); trees sprout (Exo. 10:5; Ezek. 17:6), as well as whole forests (Ecc. 2:6); ears of grain sprout (Gen. 41:6, 23); and even hair sprouts (Lev. 13:37). Figuratively, tsāmach refers to a hypocrite sprouting up (Job 8:19), to trouble sprouting from the ground (Job 5:6) and to truth springing up from the ground (Ps. 85:11). Theologically, tsāmach refers to foretold events that spring forth (Isa. 42:9; 43:19). In the eschatological kingdom, the righteous will spring forth like willows by the water courses (Isa. 44:4); their healing will spring forth speedily (Isa. 58:8) and the messianic Branch will sprout or branch out (Zech. 6:12). Righteousness will spring up (Isa. 45:8). The Piel stem occurs four times, always referring to the growing of hair. Tsāmach refers to the growth of the hair of the head (Judg. 16:22; Ezek. 16:7) and the growth of a beard (2 Sam. 10:5; 1 Chr. 19:5). The Hiphil stem occurs fourteen times, usually meaning "to cause something to sprout or grow." Thus, God caused trees to grow (Gen. 2:9), as well as grass (Job 38:27; Pss. 104:14; 147:8). In a secondary sense, the earth causes seeds or plants to grow: the cursed ground caused thorns and thistles to grow (Gen. 3:18); a garden causes seed to spring up (Isa. 61:11); after God rained fire and brimstone, the land of Sodom and Gomorrah could not cause grass to grow (Deut. 29:23). In a similar sense, the rain makes the earth grow herbage (Isa. 55:10). Figuratively, God will cause David's house to increase (2 Sam. 23:5); He will cause the horn of David to grow (Ps. 132:17) and the horn of the house of Israel to spring forth (Ezek. 29:21); and He will cause the righteous branch of David to spring forth (Jer. 33:15) (Complete Biblical Library Hebrew-English Dictionary) He shall execute justice and righteousness on the earth (the land) - Who is He? The Messiah, the King of kings! This passage could not be much clearer! Messiah the King of kings will rule in justice and righteousness. And where does the text say He will rule? On the earth (the land), not the New Heavens and New Earth. Beloved, the plain reading of the text clearly teaches that Messiah will return and He will set up His righteous Kingdom on this literal earth. Any attempts to spiritualize this passage in an attempt to glean hidden meaning are foolish, intellectually dishonest and even smacking of a hint of anti-Semitism! John