Amós 9
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
Amós 9
MacArthur writes "Only the chaff was to be punished; His remnant was to be preserved to inherit the blessings spoken of in the following verses." (The MacArthur Study Bible) The Tyndale Bible Dictionary summarizes the remnant concisely explaining that it refers to a "group of people who survive a catastrophe brought about by God, ordinarily in judgment for sin. This group becomes the nucleus for the continuation of mankind or the people of God; the future existence of the larger group depends on this purified, holy remnant that has undergone and survived the judgment of God. The remnant concept is found in all periods of redemptive history where catastrophe—be it natural disaster, disease, warfare, or other instruments—threatens the continuity of God’s purposes. From the Creation account to the end of the OT, the concept is progressively sharpened. (Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publishers) Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Dictionary defines remnant as "the part of a community or nation that remains after a dreadful judgment or devastating calamity, especially those who have escaped and remain to form the nucleus of a new community. The survival of a righteous remnant rests solely on God’s providential care for His Chosen People and His faithfulness to keep His Covenant promises. The concept of the remnant has its roots in the Book of Deuteronomy (Dt 4:27, 28, 29, 30, 31), where Moses warned the people of Israel that they would be scattered among the nations. But God also promised that He would bring the people back from captivity and establish them again in the land of their fathers. This concept was picked up by the prophets, who spoke of the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities. The concept was extended to apply also to the gathering of a righteous remnant at the time when the Messiah came to establish His kingdom." (Youngblood, R. F., Bruce, F. F., Harrison, R. K., & Thomas Nelson Publishers. Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Dictionary) Messianic Jewish writer David Levy comments on I will shake the house of Israel among all nations as grain is shaken in a sieve - Israel would be sifted because of her sin. The Lord said, “I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, as grain is sifted in a sieve; yet shall not the least kernel fall upon the earth” (Amos 9:9). God was about to scatter the Jews worldwide, and they would suffer trials and tribulations during centuries of exile. Grain is sifted to separate it from worthless chaff and other impurities, through this purifying process, God would protect and spare Israel. Israel has been sifted throughout the nations for some 19 centuries as satanically obsessed leaders have attempted to destroy the Jews. In 135 A.D., the Emperor Hadrian took over Jerusalem and persecuted the Jews. He posted edicts against the practice of Judaism, and any infringement brought the death penalty. Jews were barred from Jerusalem; those trying to enter the city were killed. During the first crusade in 1096, Jews were branded as the enemies, of Christendom, and 12,000 were killed along the Rhine River in Germany. In 1181, King Phillip of France banished the Jews from his country, stripping them of their land and houses. Wikipedia - While the royal demesne had increased under Philip I and Louis VI, it had diminished slightly under Louis VII. In April 1182, partially to enrich the French crown, Philip expelled all Jews from the demesne and confiscated their goods In 1189, at the coronation of Richard the Lionhearted, persecution of the Jews broke out resulting in most Jewish houses in London being burned, people killed, and their possessions claimed by the Crown. In 1348, Jews were blamed for the Black Plague of Europe. Jews were killed in Strausberg (2,000), Maintz (6,000), and Erfut (3,000). In 1478, the Spanish Inquisition broke out, and in 1492, 300,000 Jews were banished from the country and many more killed. In 1520, Jews were banished from Naples, Genoa, and Venice, Italy. In 1794, Jews were restricted in Russia, and Jewish men were forced to serve 25 years in the Russian army. By 1903, renewed restrictions were levied against Jews, and frequent pogroms (massacres) broke out as the Russians destroyed many Jewish villages. The worst holocaust to come upon the Jews took place between 1933 and 1945 when 6,000,000 died at the hands of Hitler’s Germany as he systematically ordered the destruction of European Jewry. Yet, in spite of all this suffering, the Jewish people have survived persecutions, pogroms, banishment, and systematic genocide—all in fulfillment of Amos’ amazing prophetic forecast. Amos warned that some Jewish people would be punished because of their rebellious attitudes. “All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, who say, The evil shall not overtake nor meet us” (Amos 9:10). Amos was saying that those who falsely boasted that judgment would not fall upon the nation (Amos 6:1–3, 13) would be purged out by death. Jeremiah prophesied the survival of Israel in the midst of severe judgment. He said that although God might make a full end of all nations to which He would scatter His people, He would not make a full end of Israel (Jer. 30:11+). In fact, He promised that Israel would survive as long as the earth existed (Jer. 31:35–38+). What a marvelous promise of God’s grace and mercy in the midst of extreme judgment! Amos 9:10 "All the sinners of My people will die by the sword, Those who say, 'The calamity will not overtake or confront us.' KJV Amos 9:10 All the sinners of my people shall die by the sword, which say, The evil shall not overtake nor prevent us. NET Amos 9:10 All the sinners among my people will die by the sword– the ones who say, 'Disaster will not come near, it will not confront us.' (Amo 9:10 NET) the sinners Isaiah 33:14; Ezekiel 20:38; 34:16,17; Zephaniah 3:11-13; Zechariah 13:8,9; Malachi 3:2-5; Malachi 4:1; Matthew 3:10-12; 13:41,42,49,50 The evil 6:1,3; Ps 10:11; Ecclesiastes 8:11; Isaiah 5:19; 28:14,15; 56:12; Jeremiah 18:18; Malachi 3:15 THE FINAL VERDICT: DEATH TO SELF-CONFIDENT SINNERS All the sinners of My people - The implication is that those who are of the believing remnant will not die by the sword. Sinners is the same word translated sinful in Amos 9:7 and translated by the Septuagint with hamartolos (see preceding note). Will die by the sword (cf sword Amos 9:1, 4) - God declares the "final verdict" on the sinners. Death is always the penalty for sin (Ro 6:23+, Ezekiel 18:4,20), unless you have a Sin Bearer (2 Cor 5:21+, 1 Peter 2:24+). Death by the sword as horrible as it is, is not nearly as bad as the fate that follows, which is death by separation, for Paul writes After all it is only just for God to repay with affliction those who afflict you, 7 and to give relief to you who are afflicted and to us as well when the Lord Jesus will be revealed from heaven with His mighty angels in flaming fire, 8 dealing out retribution to those who do not know God and to those who do not obey (see hupakouo) the gospel of our Lord Jesus . 9 These will pay the penalty of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power, (2 Th 1:6-9) Die is the Hebrew word muth (04191) which is translated in the Septuagint with teleutao (from teleo - to make an end of, to accomplish) which means to end, finish or complete. Those who say, 'The calamity will not overtake or confront us - See Amos' previous descriptions that describe Israel's self-delusion and boasting in Amos 6:1-3 and Amos 6:13. Deception and delusion regarding the certain judgment of Jehovah is a characteristic of sinners. In the Septuagint the single Hebrew word for "not" is actually two words (ou me) both of which are repeated (!), signifying absolutely no way -- that shows how utterly they have been deceived by sin (Heb 3:13)! Beware of the deceiving power of sin! The Septuagint translates calamity with Greek kakos (2556) which describes that which is inherently harmful, injurious, dangerous. It is notable that kakos also is defined in a moral sense as wicked, vicious, bad in heart, conduct, and character. So it is fitting that the same word (kakos) describes the calamity that would come upon their evil hearts! Hay applies this almost boastful assurance of those doomed to die - The complacency of these sinners is frightening, and is not confined to their generation. In a future age there will be those who will be saying "Peace and safety" when "sudden destruction" is pending. In that context Paul warns believers against the same careless attitude: "let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober" (1 Th 5:3, 6+). There is constant need for vigilance lest we should incur divine displeasure (ED: OF COURSE AS BELIEVERS WE CANNOT LOSE THEIR SALVATION, BUT WE CAN LOSE REWARDS). Israel's history stands as a beacon of warning to us all: "Now these things happened unto them by way of example" (1 Cor 10:11, see also 1 Cor 10:6). The injunction there is, "let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall" (1 Cor 10:12). (What the Bible Teaches - Amos) Amos 9:11 "In that day I will raise up the fallen booth of David, And wall up its breaches; I will also raise up its ruins And rebuild it as in the days of old; KJV Amos 9:11 In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and close up the breaches thereof; and I will raise up his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old: NLT Amos 9:11 "In that day I will restore the fallen house of David. I will repair its damaged walls. From the ruins I will rebuild it and restore its former glory. ESV Amos 9:11 "In that day I will raise up the booth of David that is fallen and repair its breaches, and raise up its ruins and rebuild it as in the days of old, CSB Amos 9:11 In that day I will restore the fallen booth of David: I will repair its gaps, restore its ruins, and rebuild it as in the days of old, NIV Amos 9:11 "In that day I will restore David's fallen tent. I will repair its broken places, restore its ruins, and build it as it used to be, raise Isaiah 9:6,7; 11:1-10; Jeremiah 23:5,6; 30:9; 33:14-16,20-26; Ezekiel 17:24; Ezekiel 34:23,24; 37:24,25; Hosea 3:5; Micah 5:2; Luke 1:31-33,69,70; Acts 2:30-36 the fallen booth of David Isaiah 16:5; Ezekiel 21:25-27 wall up its breaches Heb. hedge. Job 1:10; Ps 80:12; 89:40; Isaiah 5:5 rebuild it as in the days of old Ps 143:5; Isaiah 63:11; Jeremiah 46:26; Lamentations 5:21; Ezekiel 36:11; Micah 7:14 RESTORATION PREDICTED AMIDST DOOM AND DESTRUCTION In that day - In context what day? He has just described judgment of sinners. Now God skips down the corridors of time to the end of the age. That day is "prophetic shorthand" for the Day of the Lord. As David Levy says "The words in that day had been used to describe Israel’s judgment (Amos 2:16; 3:14; 5:18–20; 8:3, 9, 11, 13), but now Amos used these words to proclaim the nation’s restoration, spiritual reunion, and redemption." (Friends of Israel Magazine - Article) Hubbard - “The transition from verse 10 to verse 11 is the most abrupt and surprising in the entire book. The sword of judgment gives way to the trowel of reconstruction.” G Campbell
Amós 9
MacArthur comments - In Amos 9:11, the Lord promised that He “will raise up the tabernacle of David, which has fallen down.” At the Jerusalem Council, convened to discuss whether Gentiles should be allowed into the church without requiring circumcision, James quotes this passage (Acts 15:15,16) to support Peter’s report of how God had “visited the Gentiles to take out of them a people for His name” (Acts 15:14). Some have thus concluded that the passage was fulfilled in Jesus, the greater Son of David, through whom the dynasty of David was reestablished. The Acts reference, however, is best seen as an illustration of Amos’ words and not the fulfillment. The temporal allusions to a future time (“On that day,” Amos 9:11), when Israel will “possess the remnant of Edom, and all the Gentiles” (Amos 9:12), when the Lord “will plant them in their land, and no longer shall they be pulled up from the land I have given them” (Amos 9:15), all make it clear that the prophet is speaking of Messiah’s return at the Second Advent to sit upon the throne of David (cf. Isa 9:7), not the establishment of the church by the apostles. (Ibid) Regarding the "Tabernacle of David" read the prophecy in Isaiah 9:6-7 which we often hear at Christmas but often fail to grasp the yet future aspect to be fulfilled at the Second Coming. For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us (MESSIAH'S FIRST COMING); And the government will rest on His shoulders (MESSIAH'S SECOND COMING); And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace. There will be no end to the increase of His government or of peace, On the throne of David (CP "REBUILD THE TABERNACLE OF DAVID WHICH HAS FALLEN") and over his kingdom (THE MESSIANIC KINGDOM), To establish it and to uphold it with justice and righteousness From then on and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will accomplish this. (Isaiah 9:6-7+) Comment - It is worth quoting the comment in the ESV Study Bible which often is generally "amillennial" in prophetic passages. This comment however seems to leave that door "open" explaining that the Prince of Peace "is the ruler whose reign will bring about peace because the nations (IMPLICATION? THERE WILL BE NATIONS AND NATIONS NORMALLY IN THE BIBLE SPEAKS OF GENTILES! Compare comments on Zechariah 14:16-19+ A PASSAGE THAT WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT TO INTERPRET LITERALLY IF THERE WERE NO LITERAL MESSIANIC KINGDOM!) will rely on His just decisions in their disputes (cf. Isa. 2:4+; Isa 11:6-9+; Isa 42:4; 49:7; Isa 52:15+). This kind of king contrasts with even the best of the Davidic line that Judah has experienced so far, because these titles show that this king will be divine. (ESV Study Bible) Amos 9:12 That they may possess the remnant of Edom And all the nations who are called by My name," Declares the LORD who does this. KJV Amos 9:12 That they may possess the remnant of Edom, and of all the heathen, which are called by my name, saith the LORD that doeth this. NET Amos 9:12 As a result they will conquer those left in Edom and all the nations subject to my rule." The LORD, who is about to do this, is speaking! NLT Amos 9:12 And Israel will possess what is left of Edom and all the nations I have called to be mine. " The LORD has spoken, and he will do these things. possess Isaiah 11:14; 14:1,2; Joel 3:8; Obadiah 1:18-21 Edom Genesis 27:29,37; Numbers 24:17; Ps 60:8; Malachi 1:4 called by My name Isaiah 43:7; 63:19; 65:1; Jeremiah 14:9; 15:16; Daniel 9:18,19 REVIVAL OF POWER FOR THE DAVIDIC KINGDOM In Acts 15 (see detailed commentary Acts 15:16-18) James quotes from Amos 9:11-12 but he quotes not from the Hebrew Masoretic text but from the Septuagint version, the Greek text, of the Old Testament which reads somewhat different from the Hebrew. Here is the English translation of the Septuagint rendering of Amos 9:11-12 "In that day I will raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen, and will rebuild the ruins of it, and will set up the parts thereof that have been broken down, and will build it up as in the ancient days: that the remnant of men (INSTEAD OF EDOM), and all the Gentiles upon whom My Name is called, may earnestly seek me, saith the Lord who does all these things." James' purpose for quoting this passage is to show to the legalistic Jews that God has always promised a place for the Gentiles in His plan of redemption and in that plan they did not have to first become Jewish proselytes but were simply to earnestly seek Him. That they may possess the remnant of Edom - Israel will have the territory of Edom who had been an enemy of Israel. Hay - The Edomites were dominated by David (2 Sam 8:14), but finally threw off the yoke of Judah in the days of Jehoram (2 Kings 8:22). They remained the implacable foes of the people of God (Amos 1:11), and the little prophecy of Obadiah exposes their hatred of their "brother Jacob" (v. 10). The fact that they are mentioned here specifically is to demonstrate that even the most rabid opponents of Israel will come under the dominion of the son of David in "that day". This will be the fate of "all the nations, which are called by my name" (What the Bible Teaches) Gary Smith - At that time the boundaries of Israel will be expanded to include all the land promised to Abraham (Gen. 15:18). Israel will possess the remnant of Edom and all the surrounding nations who trust in the Lord (Amos 9: 12)., These nations will enjoy the Messiah’s blessing and protection along with Israel. Israel has not known peace with her Gentile neighbors over the centuries, but in that day she will have peace because it will be accomplished by the Lord (Amos 9: 12). This prophecy was quoted by James at the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15:14–17+) to show that Gentiles who accepted Christ did not have to undergo circumcision and become Jewish proselytes. In quoting Amos, James proved to the council that Jewish and Gentile believers would exist side by side during the Kingdom age. Therefore, during the Church age there is no need for Gentiles to become Jews. (Mentor Commentary - Amos) Charles Feinberg - The citation of Amos 9:11-12 by James in Acts 15 does not warrant us in holding, as some do, that this prophecy is fulfilled completely in this age of grace. The phrase “in that day” of our text refers to the last days of Israel. The quotation of our verses in Acts 15:16-18 is made with one object in view: to confirm the fact of the conversion of the Gentiles. Hence the quotation gives only the general sense of the Amos passage and does not support the position that the Amos text has in view the Christian Church as its ultimate fulfillment. (The Minor Prophets, 1976) CONVERSION OF THE NATIONS And all the nations - NET has "Israel's authority will extend over all the nations." Who are called by My name - NLT = "all the nations I have called to be mine" Amos anticipates the global sovereignty of the Davidic ruler, the Messiah, during the Messianic Age (cf. Mal 1:11). For the nations (or Gentiles) to be called by God's Name implies that they were those who called upon the Name of the Lord. This phrase also speaks of their being His possession. The Septuagint translates called (Heb = qara) with the verb epikaleo in the perfect tense (called at some time in the past with enduring effect of that call) Joel 2:32+ uses the same verb epikaleo in the Septuagint - "whoever calls (Heb = qara; Lxx = epikaleo) on the name of the LORD Will be delivered. For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem There will be those who escape, as the LORD has said, even among the survivors whom the LORD calls." Dr Charles Feinberg agrees with this assessment writing that "The remnant that is called by the name of the Lord is equivalent to those designated in Joel 2:32+." (The Minor Prophets, 1976) The extent of the Lord's reign in this future day was beautifully expressed by Isaac Watts... Jesus shall reign where'er the sun Doth his successive journeys run; His kingdom stretch from shore to shore Till moons shall wax and wane no more. Declares the LORD who does this - He Who declared it, backs it up with His acts. Amos 9:13 "Behold, days are coming," declares the LORD, "When the plowman will overtake the reaper And the treader of grapes him who sows seed; When the mountains will drip sweet wine And all the hills will be dissolved. KJV Amos 9:13 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the plowman shall overtake the reaper, and the treader of grapes him that soweth seed; and the mountains shall drop sweet wine, and all the hills shall melt. NLT Amos 9:13 "The time will come," says the LORD, "when the grain and grapes will grow faster than they can be harvested. Then the terraced vineyards on the hills of Israel will drip with sweet wine! ESV Amos 9:13 "Behold, the days are coming," declares the LORD, "when the plowman shall overtake the reaper and the treader of grapes him who sows the seed; the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and all the hills shall flow with it. NIV Amos 9:13 "The days are coming," declares the LORD, "when the reaper will be overtaken by the plowman and the planter by the one treading grapes. New wine will drip from the mountains and flow from all the hills. When the plowman will overtake the reaper Leviticus 26:5; Ezekiel 36:35; Hosea 2:21-23; John 4:35 sows seed Isaiah 35:1,2; 55:13; Joel 3:18,20 sweet wine Amos 9:5; Judges 5:5; Ps 97:5 PROMISE OF PLENTITUDE AND PROSPERITY Behold (02009)(hinneh) is an interjection meaning behold, look, now; if. "It is used often and expresses strong feelings, surprise, hope, expectation, certainty, thus giving vividness depending on its surrounding context." (Baker) Hinneh generally directs our mind to the text, imploring the reader to give it special attention. In short, the Spirit is trying to arrest our attention!
Amós 9
MacArthur - Israel will inherit the land promised to Abraham (Ge 12:1, 7; 13:15; 15:18). During the millennial kingdom, that will be the land of Israel as we know it today. In the eternal kingdom, it will be the New Jerusalem, capital of the new creation. The ultimate mission of Israel is to glorify the Lord (49:3; 61:3). (MacArthur Study Bible) (Jeremiah 24:6-7) ‘For I will set My eyes on them for good, and I will bring them again to this land; and I will build them up and not overthrow them, and I will plant them and not pluck them up. 7 ‘I will give them a heart to know Me (THE CONSUMMATION OF THE NEW COVENANT - Ezek 36:25-27, Jer 31:31-37), for I am the LORD; and they will be My people, and I will be their God, for they will return to Me with their whole heart. (Jeremiah 32:41) “I will rejoice over them to do them good and will faithfully plant them in this land with all My heart and with all My soul. ESV Study Bible - This final blessing of the people is predicated upon their recognition of their Davidic Messiah, something that is yet to occur (ED: EXCEPT FOR JEWS WHO COME TO CHRIST IN THE CHURCH AGE). See Ro. 11:25-27+ (ED: READ ALSO Zechariah 12:10-14+).. On their land - Many prophecies emphasize it is their land referring to the land of Canaan originally given to Abraham and his descendants. Amos is not referring to the church! - (cf. Ge. 13:14-15; 17:7-8; Dt. 30:1-5; 2 Sa 7:10; Jer. 30:10-11; Joel 3:17-21; Micah 4:4-7) For example Deut 30:5+ “The LORD your God will bring you (ISRAEL) into the land which your fathers possessed, and you shall possess it; and He will prosper you and multiply you more than your fathers. And they will not again be rooted out from their land which I have given them - No more "Wandering Jews!" God’s forgiveness is complete and His restoration permanent. The believing remnant is finally restored to their land in the Millennium and they will not be cast out. Ezekiel 37:25 + “They will live on the land that I gave to Jacob My servant, in which your fathers lived; and they will live on it, they, and their sons and their sons’ sons, forever; and David My servant will be their prince forever. Joel 3:20+ But Judah will be inhabited forever And Jerusalem for all generations. Zechariah 14:11+ People will live in it, and there will no longer be a curse, for Jerusalem will dwell in security. Jeremiah has a similar prophecy regarding Jerusalem "it will not be plucked up or overthrown anymore forever.” (Jer 31:40+). Henry Morris on out from their land - This promise applies, not to the return from Babylon, but to the final restoration from exile, when they will never again "be pulled up out of their land." Says the LORD your God - Don't miss the last Hebrew words in this prophecy! Your God! And the Septuagint translates it with pantokrator (Almighty) the last word in the prophecy of Amos! How wonderful would these words your God sound to ears of Jewish readers who had ears to hear this truth. He still refers to Himself as Your God and in spite of Israel's persistent unbelief, their God was faithful. Does this ending not encourage your heart beloved believer, for to you He says "Your God!" You might want to end your time in Amos with a time of worship using an apropos song by Chris Tomlin entitled "Our God" Our God Water You turned into wine Opened the eyes of the blind There's no one like You None like You Into the darkness You shine Out of the ashes we rise There's no one like You None like You Our God is greater Our God is stronger God You are higher than any other Our God is Healer Awesome in Pow Our God, Our God Into the darkness You shine Out of the ashes we rise There's no one like You None like You Our God is greater Our God is stronger God You are higher than any other Our God is Healer Awesome in power Our God, Our God And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? What could stand against? Our God is greater Our God is stronger God You are higher than any other Our God is Healer Awesome in Power Our God, Our God And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? What could stand against? And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? And if our God is for us Then who could ever stop us? And if our God is with us Then what could stand against? Then what could stand against? MacArthur Study Bible summarizes The Ultimate Restoration of Israel Isaiah 27:1-13; Isaiah 42-44; 65; 66 Jeremiah 30-33 Ezekiel 36:1-38; Ezek 37:1-28; Ezekiel 40-48 Daniel 9:20-27; Daniel 12:1-3 Hosea 2:14-23; 14:4-7 Obadiah 17, 21 Zechariah 13:1-9; Zech 14:1-21