2 Coríntios 8
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 8
MacArthur - The Macedonian believers were rich in their single-minded, selfless generosity to God and to others. (MacArthur Study Bible) Murray Harris - Their poverty no more impeded their generosity than their tribulation diminished their joy....The apostle was not concerned about the actual size of the gift but about the attitude of the givers ("joy... generosity"; cf. Rom 12:8) and the relation between the size of the gift and the resources of the givers (cf. Mark 12:41-44). (1 and 2 Corinthians The Expositor's Bible Commentary) Ordeal (1382)(dokime) can describe a trial, test, ordeal or testing process as here in 2Co 8:2. More commonly in the NT it describes the quality of having stood the test. Dokime in secular Greek was used to describe metals that had been tested and been determined to be pure. The idea of dokime is that when you put the metal through a fiery test and if it comes out on the other side "persevering and enduring", you call the metal proven, authentic or genuine. Affliction (2347) thlipsis from thlibo = to crush, press together, squash, hem in, compress, squeeze in turn derived from thláo = to break) originally expressed sheer, physical pressure on a man. Thlipsis is a strong term which does not refer to minor inconveniences, but to real hardships. It conveys the idea of being squeezed or placed under pressure or crushed beneath a weight. Thlipsis in Corinthian letters - 1 Co. 7:28; 2 Co. 1:4; 2 Co. 1:8; 2 Co. 2:4; 2 Co. 4:17; 2 Co. 6:4; 2 Co. 7:4; 2 Co. 8:2; 2 Co. 8:13 Abundance (4050) perisseia from perissós = over and above) is a noun which means abundance/superabundance, overabundance, excess, superfluity, overflow, surplus. Perisseia is that which is over and above, something that is beyond the ordinary or that which is an exceeding measure or greater than expected amount. In Ecclesiastes (see examples below), perisseia conveys the sense of gain or profit. Used only 4x in NT - Rom. 5:17; 2 Co. 8:2; 2 Co. 10:15; Jas. 1:21 Joy (5479) chara is a feeling of great pleasure, of inner gladness, or of delight. Joy is an emotion evoked by a sense of well-being. It is a deep feeling of happiness and contentment. Joy in the NT is virtually always used to signify a feeling of "happiness" that is based on spiritual realities (independent of what "happens"). Joy is a depth of assurance and confidence that ignites a cheerful heart. It is a cheerful heart that leads to cheerful behavior. Deep (899)(bathos) is the noun derived from adjective bathús = deep) literally describes a distance below a surface and to the depth or a deep place. Figuratively bathos describes a great or extreme degree of anything and as a quality in relation to God it describes His inexhaustibility, His profundity, and His inscrutability (Ro 11:33, 1Cor 2:10). Bathos is "a universal figure for what is immeasurable or incalculable: cf. 1 Corinthians 2:10, Revelation 2:24, Ephesians 3:18 Poverty (4432)(ptocheia) means abject poverty, state of being destitute. It speaks of extreme poverty, as in the life of a beggar. BDAG says it means a "state of being deficient in means of support." In 2 Co. 8:9 ptocheia describes Christ's poverty for us, so that we might become spiritually rich. In 2 Cor 8:2 ptocheia describes the churches in Macedonia though in deep poverty overflowed in their generous giving for the saints at Jerusalem. Overflowed (4052) perisseuo from perissos = abundant, exceeding some number, measure, rank or need, over and above) means to cause to superabound, to be superfluous, to overflow, to be in affluence, to excel or to be in abundance with the implication of being considerably more than what would be expected or exceeding the requirements. Perisseuo in the Corinthian letters - 1 Co. 8:8; 1 Co. 14:12; 1 Co. 15:58; 2 Co. 1:5; 2 Co. 3:9; 2 Co. 4:15; 2 Co. 8:2; 2 Co. 8:7; 2 Co. 9:8; 2 Co. 9:12; Wealth (4149) ploutos from pletho = to fill) properly denotes abundance, plentitude, and literally is used to refer to material wealth or prosperity (abundance of earthly, temporal goods) which is the meaning in the parable of the seed and the soils (Mt 13:22, Mk 4:19, Lk 8:14 = Material riches are deceitful and choke out reception of the Word of God. Be careful all you wealthy readers! Contrast spiritual riches - Ep 3:8) Indeed, think of the people who know whose whole lives glow with the glory of God for they are rich in spiritual possessions, albeit often poor in material possessions! Liberality (572) haplotes from a = negation + pleko = twine, braid, weave, knit) means singleness, simplicity, uprightness, mental honesty; the virtue of one who is free from pretence and dissimulation. Haplotes pertains to being motivated by singleness of purpose so as to be open and aboveboard, without guile, and without a hidden agenda. The idea of haplotes is that of personal integrity expressed in word or action. It is the opposite of duplicity. Haplotes - 7v - Rom. 12:8; 2 Co. 8:2; 2 Co. 9:11; 2 Co. 9:13; 2 Co. 11:3; Eph. 6:5; Col. 3:22 When you set your eyes on it, it is gone. For wealth certainly makes itself wings Like an eagle that flies toward the heavens. --- Proverbs 23:5 R Kent
2 Coríntios 8
MacArthur points out that "Freewill giving has always been God's plan (cf. 2Co 9:6; Ge 4:2-4; 8:20; Ex 25:1, 2; Ex 35:4, 5, 21, 22; Ex 36:5-7; Nu 18:12; Dt 16:10, 17; 1Ch 29:9; Pr 3:9, 10; 11:24; Lk 19:1-8). Freewill giving is not to be confused with tithing, which related to the national taxation system of Israel (see Lv 27:30-32 [note]) and is paralleled in the NT and the present by paying taxes. (MacArthur Study Bible) Brian Bell - So did Paul have to tell them “if you don’t give, my ministry was going to go off the air?” - No! No prompt or pressure came from Paul to them! The were “freely willing”! This (GK) word is only used here & in vs.17(translated “of his own accord”) Not only did they not have to beg the churches in Macedonia to give, the opposite was true…check out vs.4! (Put your money where your mouth WAS ) Testify (witness, gain approval) (3140) martureo rom mártus = witness = one who has information or knowledge of something and can bring to light or confirm something. English = martyr) in its most basic sense refers to a legal witness. Thus the verb martureo means to be a witness, to testify, to give evidence, to give testimony, to bear record, to affirm that one has seen or heard or experienced something. The words testified related to fact, not opinion, as in a courtroom setting. Ability (1411) dunamis from dunamai = to be able, to have power) power especially achieving power. It refers to intrinsic power or inherent ability, the power or ability to carry out some function, the potential for functioning in some way (power, might, strength, ability, capability), the power residing in a thing by virtue of its nature. Own accord (830)(authairetos from autos = self + haireo = choose) literally self-chosen describing one who chooses his own course of action, hence of one's own free will, acting spontaneously or voluntarily, self-chosen. It pertains to being. Voluntarily, of one’s own accord; i.e., spontaneously and voluntarily, out of one’s own initiative, without request and without coercion. Only used in 2Co 8:3 and 2Co 8:17. Not found in the Septuagint. 2 Corinthians 8:4 begging us with much urging for the favor of participation in the support of the saints, Amplified Begging us most insistently for the favor and the fellowship of contributing in this ministration for [the relief and support of] the saints [in Jerusalem]. Plummer - For according to their power, I bear witness, and beyond their power, of their own accord, with much entreaty beseeching of us the favour and the fellowship of the ministering to the saints; and [this] not in the way that we expected, but it was their own selves that they gave first of all to the Lord and to us, through the will of God.’ KJV 2 Corinthians 8:4 Praying us with much intreaty that we would receive the gift, and take upon us the fellowship of the ministering to the saints. NET 2 Corinthians 8:4 begging us with great earnestness for the blessing and fellowship of helping the saints. BGT 2 Corinthians 8:4 μετὰ πολλῆς παρακλήσεως δεόμενοι ἡμῶν τὴν χάριν καὶ τὴν κοινωνίαν τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους, NLT 2 Corinthians 8:4 They begged us again and again for the privilege of sharing in the gift for the believers in Jerusalem. ESV 2 Corinthians 8:4 begging us earnestly for the favor of taking part in the relief of the saints-- NIV 2 Corinthians 8:4 they urgently pleaded with us for the privilege of sharing in this service to the saints. YLT 2 Corinthians 8:4 with much entreaty calling on us to receive the favour and the fellowship of the ministration to the saints, ASV 2 Corinthians 8:4 beseeching us with much entreaty in regard of this grace and the fellowship in the ministering to the saints: CSB 2 Corinthians 8:4 they begged us insistently for the privilege of sharing in the ministry to the saints, MIT 2 Corinthians 8:4 With much urging they begged us to allow their gracious participation in the ministry to the holy ones. NKJ 2 Corinthians 8:4 imploring us with much urgency that we would receive the gift and the fellowship of the ministering to the saints. NRS 2 Corinthians 8:4 begging us earnestly for the privilege of sharing in this ministry to the saints-- NAB 2 Corinthians 8:4 they begged us insistently for the favor of taking part in the service to the holy ones, NJB 2 Corinthians 8:4 and they had kept imploring us most insistently for the privilege of a share in the fellowship of service to God's holy people- GWN 2 Corinthians 8:4 They made an appeal to us, begging us to let them participate in the ministry of God's kindness to his holy people in Jerusalem. BBE 2 Corinthians 8:4 Seriously requesting us that they might have a part in this grace of being servants to the needs of the saints: begging us with much urging for the favor : 2Co 8:18,19 Ge 33:10,11 2Ki 5:15,16 Ac 16:15 1Co 16:3,4 participation in the support of the saints: 2Co 9:1,12-14 Mt 10:42 12:50 25:40,44,45 Mk 14:7 Joh 19:26,27 Ac 6:1-7 9:39-41 11:29 24:17 Ro 15:25,26 1Co 16:1,3,4,15 Ga 2:10 6:10 1Ti 5:10 Phm 1:5,6 Heb 6:10 1Jn 3:16-18 2 Corinthians 8 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries BEGGARS BEGGING TO GIVE BOUNTIFULLY! Grace giving is independent of individual ability! One should give not because he is well-off but because he has a willing heart! The Macedonians saw giving as privilege not as a problem. THOUGHT - If you see the future Bema Seat not as a potential problem but as a precious privilege (cf "Vertical Vision") when each believer will be recompensed for their deeds in the body (including grace giving), it will radically transform your thinking about giving in the present. On the other hand, if you are believer living primarily with "horizontal vision" (focused on the temporal, not the eternal, focused on the things of this passing world rather than the enduring things of the coming heaven - 2Co 4:18+, Col 3:2+), the discipline of giving will likely be viewed as a problem rather than a privilege! (Present tense - continually) begging (deomai) us with much urging (paraklesis) - Why did they beg? Possibly because Paul had initially been unwilling to take from people so poor. Indeed, the Macedonians were "poor as church mice" and yet were continually begging even with a sense of urgency to be allowed to give. They doubtless knew that it was more blessed to give than to receive. They give us an amazing testimony regarding the supernatural work of the Spirit in sinful hearts, for poor people (poor as beggars) would hardly beg to give but more likely beg to be given! The "paradoxical" transformative power of the Gospel of the grace of God to turnshearts "right side" up! Selfish hearts are made unselfish by the Gospel! THOUGHT - Have you ever been in a church where the members pleaded for the privilege of giving others? That is almost a rhetorical question, because likely most (none) of us have had such an experience. Spirit filled churches are radical! Although Paul had not yet written Php 4:19 to the saints in Philippi, these Macedonian believers clearly were trusting in the Lord to meet their needs. They were not acting presumptively but prayerfully (in my opinion). A T
2 Coríntios 8
MacArthur - That is why there are no set amounts or percentages for giving anywhere stated in the NT. The implication is that if one has much, he can give much; if he has little, he can give only little (cf. 2Co 9:6). (MacArthur Study Bible) Brian Bell God Judges not according to what a man has not the opportunity to do, but according to what he does when he has it, & what he would do if he had it! (Put your money where your mouth WAS ) R Kent
2 Coríntios 8
MacArthur - The two men who went with Titus were apostles in the sense of being commissioned and sent by the churches. They were not apostles of Christ (11:13; 1Th 2:6), because they were not eyewitnesses of the resurrected Lord or commissioned directly by Him (MacArthur Study Bible) Partner (partaker, sharer) (2844) koinonos from koinos = common, shared by all) (Click for an in depth study of related word koinonia) is one who participates with another in an enterprise or matter of joint concern. It is one who fellowships and shares something in common with another. He or she takes part in something with someone else. Uses in Corinthians -; 1 Co. 10:18; 1 Co. 10:20; 2 Co. 1:7; 2 Co. 8:23; Fellow worker (4904) sunergos from sun = together with, speaks of an intimate relationship + érgon = work) means literally working together with and thus refers to a companion in work, a colleague, a co-laborer, a fellow laborer or fellow helper. Rom. 16:3; Rom. 16:9; Rom. 16:21; 1 Co. 3:9; 2 Co. 1:24; 2 Co. 8:23; Phil. 2:25; Phil. 4:3; Col. 4:11; 1 Thess. 3:2; Phlm. 1:1; Phlm. 1:24; 3 Jn. 1:8 Messengers (652) apostolos from apo = from + stello = send forth) (Click discussion of apostle) means one sent forth from by another, often with a special commission to represent another and to accomplish his work. It can be a delegate, commissioner, ambassador sent out on a mission or orders or commission and with the authority of the one who sent him. Uses in Corinthians - 1 Co. 1:1; 1 Co. 4:9; 1 Co. 9:1; 1 Co. 9:2; 1 Co. 9:5; 1 Co. 12:28; 1 Co. 12:29; 1 Co. 15:7; 1 Co. 15:9; 2 Co. 1:1; 2 Co. 8:23; 2 Co. 11:5; 2 Co. 11:13; 2 Co. 12:11; 2 Co. 12:12 Christ (5547) Christos from chrio = to rub or anoint, consecrate to an office) describes one who has been anointed with oil, one who has been consecrated, symbolizing appointment to a task. The majority of the NT uses refer to Jesus Hamilton suggests a fourfold significance to such anointing (“māshach,” Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, 1:530): (1) separation unto God, (2) authorization by God, (3) divine enablement, and (4) the coming Deliverer. Uses in Corinthians - 1 Co. 1:1; 1 Co. 1:2; 1 Co. 1:3; 1 Co. 1:4; 1 Co. 1:6; 1 Co. 1:7; 1 Co. 1:8; 1 Co. 1:9; 1 Co. 1:10; 1 Co. 1:12; 1 Co. 1:13; 1 Co. 1:17; 1 Co. 1:23; 1 Co. 1:24; 1 Co. 1:30; 1 Co. 2:2; 1 Co. 2:16; 1 Co. 3:1; 1 Co. 3:11; 1 Co. 3:23; 1 Co. 4:1; 1 Co. 4:10; 1 Co. 4:15; 1 Co. 4:17; 1 Co. 5:7; 1 Co. 6:11; 1 Co. 6:15; 1 Co. 7:22; 1 Co. 8:6; 1 Co. 8:11; 1 Co. 8:12; 1 Co. 9:12; 1 Co. 9:21; 1 Co. 10:4; 1 Co. 10:16; 1 Co. 11:1; 1 Co. 11:3; 1 Co. 12:12; 1 Co. 12:27; 1 Co. 15:3; 1 Co. 15:12; 1 Co. 15:13; 1 Co. 15:14; 1 Co. 15:15; 1 Co. 15:16; 1 Co. 15:17; 1 Co. 15:18; 1 Co. 15:19; 1 Co. 15:20; 1 Co. 15:22; 1 Co. 15:23; 1 Co. 15:31; 1 Co. 15:57; 1 Co. 16:24; 2 Co. 1:1; 2 Co. 1:2; 2 Co. 1:3; 2 Co. 1:5; 2 Co. 1:19; 2 Co. 1:21; 2 Co. 2:10; 2 Co. 2:12; 2 Co. 2:14; 2 Co. 2:15; 2 Co. 2:17; 2 Co. 3:3; 2 Co. 3:4; 2 Co. 3:14; 2 Co. 4:4; 2 Co. 4:5; 2 Co. 4:6; 2 Co. 5:10; 2 Co. 5:14; 2 Co. 5:16; 2 Co. 5:17; 2 Co. 5:18; 2 Co. 5:19; 2 Co. 5:20; 2 Co. 6:15; 2 Co. 8:9; 2 Co. 8:23; 2 Co. 9:13; 2 Co. 10:1; 2 Co. 10:5; 2 Co. 10:7; 2 Co. 10:14; 2 Co. 11:2; 2 Co. 11:3; 2 Co. 11:10; 2 Co. 11:13; 2 Co. 11:23; 2 Co. 12:2; 2 Co. 12:9; 2 Co. 12:10; 2 Co. 12:19; 2 Co. 13:3; 2 Co. 13:5; 2 Co. 13:14; 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore openly before the churches, show them the proof of your love and of our reason for boasting about you. Amplified Show to these men, therefore, in the sight of the churches, the reality and plain truth of your love (your affection, goodwill, and benevolence) and what [good reasons] I had for boasting about and being proud of you. KJV 2 Corinthians 8:24 Wherefore shew ye to them, and before the churches, the proof of your love, and of our boasting on your behalf. NET 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore show them openly before the churches the proof of your love and of our pride in you. BGT 2 Corinthians 8:24 τὴν οὖν ἔνδειξιν τῆς ἀγάπης ὑμῶν καὶ ἡμῶν καυχήσεως ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν εἰς αὐτοὺς ἐνδεικνύμενοι εἰς πρόσωπον τῶν ἐκκλησιῶν. NLT 2 Corinthians 8:24 So show them your love, and prove to all the churches that our boasting about you is justified. ESV 2 Corinthians 8:24 So give proof before the churches of your love and of our boasting about you to these men. NIV 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore show these men the proof of your love and the reason for our pride in you, so that the churches can see it. YLT 2 Corinthians 8:24 the shewing therefore of your love, and of our boasting on your behalf, to them shew ye, even in the face of the assemblies. ASV 2 Corinthians 8:24 Show ye therefore unto them in the face of the churches the proof of your love, and of our glorying on your behalf. CSB 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore, show them proof before the churches of your love and of our boasting about you. MIT 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore, they demonstrate the proof of your love and our boasting to them concerning you in full view of the churches. NKJ 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore show to them, and before the churches the proof of your love and of our boasting on your behalf. NRS 2 Corinthians 8:24 Therefore openly before the churches, show them the proof of your love and of our reason for boasting about you. NAB 2 Corinthians 8:24 So give proof before the churches of your love and of our boasting about you to them. NJB 2 Corinthians 8:24 So then, in full view of all the churches, give proof that you love them, and that we were right to boast of you to them. GWN 2 Corinthians 8:24 So give these men a demonstration of your love. Show their congregations that we were right to be proud of you. BBE 2 Corinthians 8:24 Make clear then to them, as representatives of the churches, the quality of your love, and that the things which we have said about you are true. 2Co 8:8 7:14 9:2-4 2 Corinthians 8 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries O CORINTHIANS SHOW THEM YOUR GENEROUS SPIRIT Therefore - Term of conclusion. In light of the sterling credentials of the contribution couriers, Paul encourages the Corinthians to receive them with open hearts and arms. At this point Paul might well have used our modern idiom... Put your money where your mouth is! Phillips Paraphrase - "So do let them, and all the Churches, see how genuine is your love, and justify all the nice things we have said about you!" When we come to the end of life, the question will be: "How much have you given?" not "How much have you gotten?" --George Sweeting, former president, Moody Bible Institute. Men of Integrity Openly (prosopon) before the churches (ekklesia), (present tense - continually) show (endeíknumi) them (the messengers-v23) the proof (endeixis) of your love (agape) - Openly (prosopon) is literally face which reflects the internal attitude of a man (love, joy, goodwill), in this context Paul encouraging the Corinthians to show by their faces, their loving reception of the men. The proof of their love would be shown by the openness of their "pocketbooks." And of our reason for boasting (kauchesis) about you - NLT = "prove to all the churches that our boasting about you is justified." Paul had boasted about the church at Corinth and he desired that the Macedonians see the reason he boasted about them. Broomall - All eyes were on Corinth to see how the Christians there would receive the "messengers." Two things were at stake: your love and our boasting. R Kent