2 Coríntios 1
John MacArthur · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur - He did not come earlier because he wanted them to have time to repent of and correct their sinful behavior....He waited instead for a report from Titus before taking further action (see chap. 7), hoping he would not have to come again, as he had earlier, to face their rebellion. (MacArthur Study Bible) J
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur - 2 Corinthians Commentary Comfort in Trouble (2 Corinthians 1:1–11) THE PERSON OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:3) THE PROMISE OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:4a) THE PURPOSE OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:4b, 6–7) THE PARAMETERS OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:5) THE POWER OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:8–10a) THE PERPETUITY OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:10b) THE PARTICIPATION OF COMFORT (2 Cor 1:11) The Soul’s Warning System (2 Corinthians 1:12–14) PAUL’S CONSCIENCE EXONERATED HIM OF MORAL WRONGDOING (2 Cor 1:12) PAUL’S CONSCIENCE EXONERATED HIM OF RELATIONAL WRONGDOING (2 Cor 1:13–14a) PAUL’S CONSCIENCE EXONERATED HIM OF THEOLOGICAL WRONGDOING (2 Cor 1:14b) Portrait of a Godly Pastor (2 Corinthians 1:15–2:4) LOYALTY (2 Cor 1:15–16) HONESTY (2 Cor 1:17–18) RELIABILITY (2 Cor 1:19–20) AUTHENTICITY (2 Cor 1:21–22) SENSITIVITY (2 Cor 1:23–2:1) "From Philippi to Corinth with Love" Ray Stedman makes an interesting statement that certainly is true in my life - The second letter of Paul to the Corinthians is probably the least known of all his letters. It has sometimes been called "Paul's unknown letter." I do not know why that is. First Corinthians is very well-known among his writings, but many people feel that Second Corinthians is heavy reading. It is too bad that we are so unfamiliar with it, because it represents the most personal, the most autobiographical letter from the apostle's pen. In First Corinthians we looked at the church at Corinth. That is a very instructive letter because the church in California today is very much like the church in Corinth was; we live in "Corinthian" conditions now. But in Second Corinthians we are looking at Paul; he is the one in focus as he lays himself open and reveals himself to the church. This, therefore, is a very personal letter from the heart of this mighty apostle. Here we see him more clearly, perhaps, than anywhere else in Scripture. We call this Second Corinthians, but it should, perhaps, be called Fourth Corinthians, because it is the last of four letters that Paul wrote to the church there. Two of these letters have not been preserved for us -- that is why we only have First and Second Corinthians -- but they are not in the order that these titles suggest. If I can just recapitulate a little bit of the background, at least this one time, then you can refer back to this if you are confused about the chronology. Paul began the church in Corinth somewhere around 52 or 53 A. D. He stayed there for about a year and a half; then he went to Ephesus, where he remained for a few weeks, and then he went on a quick trip to Jerusalem, returning again to Ephesus. While he was at Ephesus, he wrote a letter to the church at Corinth which is lost to us. It is referred to in First Corinthians 5:9, where Paul says he wrote to warn them about following a worldly lifestyle. In response to that letter, the Corinthians wrote back to him with many questions. They sent their letter by the hands of three young men who are mentioned in First Corinthians. In reply to that letter, Paul wrote what we now call First Corinthians. In it he tried to answer their questions, and we have looked at those answers. He tried to exhort them and instruct them how to walk in power and in peace; and he tried to correct many problem areas in the church. Evidently that letter did not accomplish all that Paul intended. There was a bad reaction to it, and in this second letter we learn that he made a quick trip back to Corinth. How long that took we do not know. Paul calls it a "painful" visit. He had come with a rather sharp, severe rebuke to them, but again he did not accomplish his purpose; again there was a great deal of negative reaction. So when he returned to Ephesus, he sent another brief letter, in the hands of Titus, to Corinth to see if he could help them. Now Titus was gone a long time. Transportation and communication were very slow and difficult in those days. Paul, waiting in Ephesus, grew very anxious to hear what was happening in the church there. He became so troubled that he left Ephesus and went to Troas and then up into Macedonia to meet Titus. There in Macedonia, probably in the city of Philippi, he and Titus came together. Titus brought him a much more encouraging word about the church, and in response to that, out of thanksgiving, Paul wrote what we now call the Second Corinthians letter, although it was really the fourth of a series of letters. (Why Does It Hurt so Much?) Hailey gives us a chronological background to help understand 2 Corinthians - During the latter part of his second missionary journey, around A.D. 52-53, Paul had spent 1½ years in Corinth and had made a large number of disciples (Acts 18:10-11+). Then, on his third missionary journey (SEE MAP ABOVE - IT BEGINS IN Acts 18:23ff+), he spent three years at Ephesus (A.D. 54-57). In the spring of A.D. 55, while still at Ephesus, Paul wrote 1 Corinthians (1 Corinthians 16:8+). Soon afterward, a great riot took place, in which Paul nearly lost his life (Acts 19:23-41+). Leaving Ephesus, Paul went into Macedonia on his way to Corinth (MAP ABOVE). While in Macedonia, in the summer and fall of A.D. 55, Paul visited churches in the region of Philippi and Thessalonica, in the midst of many anxieties and sufferings. After waiting long to hear from the church in Corinth, Paul met Titus, who came from Corinth with word that Paul's letter had accomplished much good (2 Corinthians 7:6+) but that some of the leaders in the Corinthian church still denied that Paul was a genuine apostle of Christ. That is when Paul wrote this letter (PRESUMABLY FROM PHILIPPI) and sent it ahead with Titus (2 Cor 8:6, 17+), expecting to reach Corinth soon himself. (Halley's Bible Handbook) What happened on Paul’s third missionary journey? | GotQuestions.org - (EXCERPT) After his extended stay in Ephesus, Paul realized that the Holy Spirit was leading him to travel on. Continuing his third missionary journey, Paul sent Timothy and Erastus ahead to Macedonia (Acts 19:21–22+). But before Paul left, a silversmith named Demetrius, who made shrines of Artemis and resented the decrease in business he’d seen since Paul’s arrival, gathered other workmen and started a riot (Acts 19:23–34+). Eventually, the town clerk arrived and dispersed the crowd, telling them that, if they had something against Paul, they should bring him to court (Acts 19:35–41+). Paul left town quietly and went across the Aegean Sea to Macedonia (map) where he traveled to Philippi, Thessalonica, and Berea to encourage the churches there; then he went to Greece (Achaia) and spent three months there (Acts 20:1–3). Acts 20:1-3+ After the uproar had ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, and when he had exhorted them and taken his leave of them, he left to go to Macedonia (map). 2 When he had gone through those districts and had given them much exhortation (PHILIPPI, THESSALONICA, BEREA WERE IN MACEDONIA), he came to Greece (PRESUMABLY IN CORINTH). 3 And there he spent three months, and when a plot was formed against him by the Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he decided to return through Macedonia (map). Baxter - While others of Paul's epistles may be more profound, scarcely any could be more precious than this second heart-outpouring to the Corinthians. It was written with a quill dipped in tears, from the apostle's "anguish of heart," and contains more of human pathos than any other of his letters. Yet there is a lovely rainbow shining through it all, for in his dire distress and deep disappointments he is discovering more than ever before that "the Father of mercies" is the "God of all comfort," and that the heavenly Master's strength is made perfect in His servant's weakness. If the full force of such a letter is to register itself in our minds, we must see it in the context of the agitations and cogitations which precipitated it. (Explore the Book) Wilkinson - This epistle is full of autobiographical material and many regard it as the most personal book in the New Testament. The mind of Paul is prominent in Romans, but Second Corinthians reveals the apostle’s heart. His character, motives, priorities, desires, and emotions are exposed more clearly in this epistle than in any other. The personal anecdotes offer a glimpse into aspects of Paul’s personal life that would otherwise be unknown. These include persecution and hardships not recorded in Acts (2 Cor 11:23–27), extra details of his escape from Damascus (2 Cor 11:32–33), his vision and revelation of Paradise (2 Cor 12:1–7), and his thorn in the flesh (2 Cor 12:7–10)....Christ is presented as the believer’s comfort (2 Cor 1:5), triumph (2 Cor 2:14), Lord (2 Cor 4:5), light (2 Cor 4:6), judge (2 Cor 5:10), reconciliation (2 Cor 5:19), substitute (2 Cor 5:21), gift (2 Cor 9:15), owner (2 Cor 10:7), and power (2 Cor 12:9). (Talk Thru the Bible) Swindoll gives a succinct, clear summary of the background of 2 Corinthians which was apparently the fourth letter to this church (of course only 2 have been preserved) - Paul wrote Second Corinthians at a vulnerable time in his life. He had learned that the church at Corinth was struggling, and he sought to take action to preserve the unity of that local body of believers. The letter is riddled with personal comments as Paul revealed details about the persecution he had suffered for the sake of Christ as well as about a mysterious thorn in the flesh that kept him reliant on God. After sending Timothy off from Ephesus to deliver the letter of 1 Corinthians, Paul, in his concern for the church, made a quick visit of his own to Corinth. Afterward, Paul returned to his work in Ephesus, where he wrote a sorrowful letter to the Corinthians that has not been preserved (see 2 Cor 2:1–11; 7:8). Paul then departed for Macedonia (map). Once there, he received a good report from Titus regarding the Corinthians (2 Cor 7:13), which led Paul to write a fourth letter to them, titled “2 Corinthians” in the Bible. (See 1 Corinthians page to read about Paul’s first two letters to the Corinthians.) The apostle composed this letter near the end of AD 56, possibly in the city of Philippi....The church at Corinth had recently been struggling with divisions and quarrels (1 Cor 1:11-13+, 1 Cor 3:4-6+, 1 Cor 4:6+, 1 Cor 11:11+). But for a majority of the believers, the problem had been solved by the time Paul wrote 2 Corinthians. Many had repented of their sinful ways and had come back into unity with one another and with the leadership of Paul. However, Paul still felt the need to articulate a defense of his apostleship and his message. Some in the church had apparently taken his meekness among them to be a sign of moral weakness or lack of authority (2 Corinthians 10:1–2). These accusations led Paul to defend himself by arguing that he was on the same level of importance as the other apostles, that he had deep knowledge of the Christian faith, that he had suffered profound physical punishment in the name of Christ, and that he had received visions and revelations from God (2 Cor 11:1–12:13). (2 Corinthians Survey)) Henrietta Mears - Paul gives more of his personal history in this letter than in any of his other Epistles. He reveals his courage and his self-sacrificing love. He speaks of glorying or boasting thirty-one times because he was compelled to. Read 2 Cor. 12:11. Paul tells us of some things that happened in his life that are revealed only in this letter. His escape from Damascus in a basket (2 Cor. 11:32-33) His experience of being caught up to the third heaven (2 Cor. 12:1-4) His thorn in the flesh (2 Cor. 12:7) His unusual suffering (2 Cor. 11:23-27). He told none of these until he was compelled to, to prove that if we wanted to boast, he had good reason. The epistle begins with "Comfort": "Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort" (2 Cor. 1:3). It closes with "Comfort": "Finally, brothers, good-by. Aim for perfection, listen to my appeal, be of one mind, live in peace. And the God of love and peace will be with you" (2 Cor. 13:11). In the middle we find the reason for comfort: "And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every good work" (2 Cor. 9:8). The Source of this comfort is: "'My grace is sufficient for you'" (2 Cor. 12:9). (What the Bible is All About) Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God - Paul's ministry had been challenged and so he begins by stating his apostolic authority emphasizing that he did not choose to be an apostle but was an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God. His detractors could not appeal to a higher authority! The phrase "Paul an apostle" is found in 6 of Paul's epistles (2 Co 1:1; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 1 Ti 1:1; 2 Ti 1:1), indicating it was important that his readers understand that he was the "real deal," an authentic representative of God! Paul's self identification as an apostle of Christ Jesus indicates that he does not see himself as his own, but as one having been bought with a price (1 Cor 6:19-20+, Titus 2:14+) who belonged to Christ Jesus. In short, Paul had been sent on mission by his King (cf Acts 9:15-16+) and did "not (oudeis - absolute negation) consider (his) life of any account as dear to (himself), so that (he might) finish (teleioo)(his) course (dromos - "race" - used in 2 Ti 4:7+) and the ministry (diakonia) which (he had) received (IT WAS LIKE A GIFT, A PRIVILEGE, A RESPONSIBILITY) from the Lord Jesus, to testify solemnly (diamarturomai cf passing baton to Timothy - 2 Ti 4:1+) of the gospel (euaggelion) of the grace of God (WHAT A GREAT DESCRIPTIVE NAME OF THE GOSPEL)." (Acts 20:24+)
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur - The nation of Ireland is nicknamed the “Emerald Isle” for good reason—it contains some of the greenest countryside of any location on earth. In visiting there I have noticed that abundant mist and fog, which often shroud the rolling landscape, help produce the rich green grass and trees. That phenomenon is much like the Christian life. Many times when our life is obscured by the sufferings and sorrows of trials, it has a refreshing beauty of soul that is not always readily seen. As the apostle Paul’s life demonstrates, sensitive and merciful hearts are the products of great trials. Difficulties beset us so that God might bestow much comfort on us. But such comfort is not merely for our own benefit. The Lord entrusts His comfort to us that we might share it with others, as verse 4 of today’s passage indicates. And He comforts us in direct proportion to the number of trials we endure, which means the more we suffer, the more God comforts us; and the more He comforts us, the more we can comfort others who are hurting. When we do experience real comfort in the wake of a trial, perhaps the most precious result is the sense of Christian partnership we feel. If God’s comfort helps us to comfort others, then it’s clear that other believers are positively affected by what we learn from our trials. The entire process lifts us beyond ourselves and shows us that as part of a local fellowship or the greater Body of Christ we are not alone and do not have to undergo various trials in a vacuum. The comfort we receive and the sense of partnership that results is a great incentive for any of us to be encouraged through trials and sufferings, knowing that such experiences enable us to minister as integral parts of the Body of Christ (see 1 Cor. 12:26; 2 Cor. 1:6–7). (Strength for Today) We often don’t pause to consider that God can turn the evil of suffering into a lesson for good, a lesson we can use to grow spiritually. Sometimes suffering in the form of persecution comes simply because we do not want to compromise our faithfulness to the Lord. Many other times it is merely the common pain, hardship, disease, and conflicts resulting from sin’s corruption of the world. Sometimes, however, God does bring suffering as a means to discipline us when we fall into a pattern of sin. That’s what happened to Ananias and Sapphira in the early church (see Acts 5:1–11). Similarly, God punished some members of the Corinthian church for their flagrant sins (1 Cor. 11:29–30). Whatever the case, you do not have to view suffering as bad. It can teach you kindness, sympathy, humility, compassion, patience, and gentleness. Most important, God can use suffering in unique ways to draw you closer to Him. (Truth for Today) The God of All Comfort [God] comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble. 2 Corinthians 1:4 Today's Scripture & Insight: 2 Corinthians 1:3–7 Radamenes was just a kitten when his owner dropped him off at an animal shelter, thinking he was too ill to recover. The kitten was nursed back to health and adopted by the vet. He then became a full time resident at the shelter and now spends his days “comforting” cats and dogs—just out of surgery or recovering from an illness—through his warm presence and gentle purr. That story is a small picture of what our loving God does for us—and what we can do for others in return. He cares for us in our sickness and struggles, and He soothes us with His presence. The apostle Paul in 2 Corinthians calls our God, “the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort” (1:3). When we are discouraged, depressed, or mistreated, He’s there for us. When we turn to Him in prayer, He “comforts us in all our troubles” (v. 4). But verse 4 doesn’t end there. Paul, who had experienced intense suffering, continues, “so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves receive from God.” Our Father comforts us, and when we’ve experienced His comfort, we’re enabled to comfort others. When have you experienced God’s comfort during a difficult time? When have you offered God’s comfort to others? Dear God, thank You for Your comforting presence in my pain and sorrow. Help me in turn to be a comfort to others. The Source Of Comfort [God] comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble. — 2 Corinthians 1:4 Today's Scripture: 2 Corinthians 1:1-7 While stationed in England during World War II, I received word that my 20-year-old brother Cornelius had been killed in action. The news hit me hard, but God immediately comforted me with the assurance that Cornie was safe with Jesus. The peace of God took possession of me. Since then I have experienced the death of other family members and have visited scores of sorrowing people. What does a person do to bring comfort? Quote dozens of Bible verses? Try to analyze and explain the ways of God’s providence? I think not. People grieving over a sudden loss are in no state of mind for intellectual exercises. They need the comfort that God alone can give. We can be His channels of blessing, but we must first experience God’s comfort so that “we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God” (2 Cor. 1:4). We can be His instruments by praying for the sorrowing, by showing that we care, by doing small kindnesses, and by speaking as He leads. But in everything we do, let’s never forget that it is He who brings the needed comfort. A life that is crushed by sorrow Can feel for another’s grief And send out that sweet perfume of love That will bring some heart relief. —Osgood God doesn’t comfort us to make us comfortable, but to make us comforters. Real Comfort [God] comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble. —2 Corinthians 1:4 Today's Scripture: John 14:15-27 As I write this article, I am ministering to the friends and loved ones of two young men who died unexpectedly. A 39-year-old had suffered a heart attack and a 19-year-old was killed in an industrial accident. Both were Christians and members of warm, loving families. What do I say to bring comfort? Do I quote Bible verses? Do I try to analyze and explain the ways of God’s providence? No. Deeply grieving people are in no state of mind for pious platitudes or explanations. I serve them best by showing that I care, by praying for them, and by assuring them of God’s comfort. Jesus told His troubled disciples that after His departure He would send the Holy Spirit to be their Comforter (Jn. 14:26). The peace that Jesus gives to us comes through the Holy Spirit. Therefore, if we want to bring comfort to others, we must have an intimate relationship with the Lord and experience His comfort. Then, by our practical deeds and our quiet presence we can show those who are sorrowing that we care. We can also pray that they will sense the comforting ministry of the Holy Spirit in their lives. A Personal Thank You [God] comforts us . . . that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble. — 2 Corinthians 1:4 Today's Scripture: 2 Corinthians 1:3-11 For more than 3 years, our family has traveled the road of sorrow and comfort since the death of our daughter Melissa. That ministry of comfort is described in 2 Corinthians 1, where Paul wrote, “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God” (vv.3-4). When I wrote about God’s work of comfort through this tragedy, hundreds upon hundreds of readers sent us letters, e-mails, photos, songs, poems, paintings, and more to express sympathy, love, and appreciation. God brought us comfort, and I shared. God brought others comfort, and they shared. In their love, God’s people have shown how His ministry of comfort works. Thank you for caring for us. Those who have suffered are best able to help those who are suffering. God allows His children to experience sorrow and suffering that they may be better able to comfort others who are going through deep waters. Today I received a letter from a dear Christian friend, Commissioner John Needham of the Salvation Army. It brought to mind an incident that occurred in the central territory where he has been serving. One day Commissioner Booth-Tucker was preaching in Chicago when a man stepped out of the crowd and said to him before the entire audience, “Booth-Tucker, you can talk about how Christ is dear to you; but if your wife were dead, as my wife is, and you had babies crying for their mother, you couldn’t say what you are saying.” A few days later, Booth-Tucker lost his lovely wife in a tragic train accident. Her body was returned to Chicago for the funeral. As the service concluded, the husband took his place by the casket and said, “The other day when I was preaching in this city, a man said that if my wife were dead and my children were crying for their mother, I couldn’t say Christ was sufficient. If that man is here, I tell him that Christ is sufficient! My heart is crushed, bleeding, and broken. But there is a song in my heart, and Christ put it there. The Savior speaks comfort to me today.” The man was present, and on hearing that, he came down the aisle to surrender his life to the Lord. The Hand of Comfort Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, . . . who comforts us in all our troubles. 2 Corinthians 1:3–4 Today's Scripture & Insight: 2 Corinthians 1:3–7 “Patient is combative,” the nurse’s notes read. What she didn’t realize until later was that I was having an allergic reaction as I awakened after a complicated open-heart surgery. I was a mess, with a tube down my throat. My body began shaking violently, straining against the straps on my arms, which were there to keep me from suddenly pulling out my breathing tube. It was a frightening and painful episode. At one point, a nurse’s assistant to the right side of my bed reached down and simply held my hand. It was an unexpected move, and it struck me as especially gentle. I began to relax, which caused my body to stop shaking so badly. Having experienced this with other patients, the nurse’s assistant knew that a hand of comfort could minister to me as well. It was a vivid example of how God uses comfort when His children suffer. Thank You, Father, for the comfort You provide to us, either directly or through the acts of Your children. Help us to see where we can apply that same comfort to others in and for Your name. Simple gestures can bring powerful comfort. Wounds That Heal [God] comforts us . . . that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble. —2 Corinthians 1:4 Today's Scripture: 2 Corinthians 1:1-7 Years ago I went through a time of painful emotional loss. A missionary friend who had experienced a similar situation comforted me and then offered these words: “In the future, Christ can use your emotional wounds to help heal others.” Later, on a trip to visit a missionary training school, I lodged in a place where I saw a portrait of Jesus’ nail-pierced hands. Below it, on a music stand, was the sheet music “He Touched Me.” Rarely have I experienced a string of circumstances that spoke so vividly to my situation. In His gracious providence, God used them to comfort and direct me. It became clear that healing flows from the wounded hands of Jesus and that our wounds can help others. In hindsight, I have learned how God’s comfort in suffering can build bridges to those in pain. Paul made this point clear: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our tribulation, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any trouble, with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God” (2 Cor. 1:3-4). Oh, give Thine own sweet rest to me That I may speak with soothing power A word in season, as from Thee, To everyone in needful hour. —Havergal Christ was broken for us to comfort the broken among us.
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur- Intercessory prayer is crucial to the expression of God’s power and sovereign purpose. In this regard, Paul wanted the faithful Corinthians to know he needed their prayers then and in the future (cf. Eph 6:18; Jas 5:16). Prayer’s duty is not to change God’s plans, but to glorify Him and give thanks for them. Paul was confident that God’s sovereign purpose would be accomplished, balanced by the prayerful participation of believers. (MacArthur Study Bible) Ray
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur - Since the conscience holds people to their highest perceived standard, believers need to set that standard to the highest level by submitting to all of God’s Word. As they continually fill their minds with the truths of Scripture, believers clarify God’s perfect law. Their consciences will then call them to live according to that law. The conscience functions like a skylight, not like a lamp; it does not produce its own light, but merely lets moral light in. Because of that, the Bible teaches the importance of keeping a clear or good conscience. That in holiness and godly sincerity - Holiness is translated "sincerity" (haplotes) in several versions (ESV, NLT, KJV), but the NAS and NIV translate the Greek word hagiotes (only used here and Heb 12:10) which means sanctity or holiness. As noted below the evidence slightly favors the word haplotes so the NET of "pure motives" or ESV of "simplicity" are favored. Paul's point is clear that he was not duplicitous in his behavior. Haplotes can also convey the sense of generosity and so the MIT translates it "in generosity and godly sincerity." Thayer says sincerity means something judged “pure” under the light of the sun (and I would add under the pure light of the SON!). This sincerity is characterized by pure motives (2 Cor 2:17+). Paul had no hidden motives. This kind of sincerity cannot be (successively) attacked by adversaries and/or unbelievers, but in fact serves as a living testimony to them (cf Mt 5:16+, Phil 2:15+ and against them = 1 Pe 3:16+). This supernatural sincerity originates from the grace of God and flows (by His Spirit) through obedient vessels of honor (2 Ti 2:21+, cf 2Cor 4:7+). Swindoll asks "How many of us could claim that we are consistently holy and sincere, full of wisdom and grace? Few of us would invite an investigation into our private lives, but Paul welcomed it: “Come on in, look around. I have nothing to hide.” He points out that his letters conform to his blameless conduct (2Cor 1:13-14).(Insights on 1&2 Corinthians) Gromacki comments that Paul's "life was marked by “simplicity.” This word (haplotes) indicates single-minded purpose. Paul lived for the glory of God and for the service of others....(on godly sincerity) Paul knew that God could not detect flaws in his spiritual motivation. Men can fool other men, but they cannot fool God." (2 Corinthians - Stand Firm in the Faith) THOUGHT - Godly sincerity should mark of the life of every believer! Would your vessel show any "cracks" today (see definition below) if it were judged by the Son? TECHNICAL NOTE on holiness (simplicity - KJV) - Two viable variants exist at this place in the text: ἁγιότητι (hagiotēti, “holiness”) vs. ἁπλότητι (haplotēti, “pure motives” - haplotes). A confusion of letters could well have produced the variant (TCGNT 507): In uncial script the words would have been written ΑΓΙΟΤΗΤΙ and ΑΠΛΟΤΗΤΙ. This, however, does not explain which reading created the other. Overall ἁπλότητι, though largely a Western-Byzantine reading (א2 D F G 𝔐 lat sy), is better suited to the context; it is also a Pauline word while ἁγιότης (hagiotēs) is not. It also best explains the rise of the other variants, πραότητι (praotēti, “gentleness”) and {σπλάγχνοις} (splanchnois, “compassion”). On the other hand, the external evidence in favor of ἁγιότητι is extremely strong (𝔓46 א* A B C K P Ψ 0121 0243 33 81 1739 1881 al co). This diversity of Manuscripts provides excellent evidence for authenticity, but because of the internal evidence listed above, ἁπλότητι (haplotes) is to be preferred, albeit only slightly. Sincerity (1505)(eilikrineia from eilikrines from heíle = shining of sun + krino = judge) literally means judged by sunlight, and then figuratively to that is tested as genuine, pure, sincere, uncontaminated, unmixed by seductive influences of world, the flesh, devil. BDAG - the quality or state of being free of dissimulation. Purity of motive. In ancient times the finest pottery was thin. It had a clear color, and it brought a high price. Fine pottery was very fragile both before and after firing. And … this pottery would [often] crack in the oven. Cracked pottery should have been thrown away. But dishonest dealers were in the habit of filling cracks with a hard pearly wax that would blend in with the color of the pottery. This made the cracks practically undetectable in the shops, especially when painted or glazed; but the wax was immediately detectable if the pottery was held up to light, especially to the sun. In that case the cracks would show up darker. It was said that the artificial element was detected by “sun-testing.” Honest dealers marked their finer product by the caption from heíle, the shining or splendor of the sun, and krino, to judge, discern. sine cera = “without wax.” Even as it was wise for customers in the ancient marketplaces to give all pieces of pottery the “sunlight test,” so it is wise and necessary for all believers to test their lives for the wax of hypocrisy. When held up to the light of God’s Word ("the Son light" test), the presence or absence of sinful cracks will be apparent. That’s why it is so important for us to feed daily on Scripture (Ps 119:9-11) and to allow our lives to be shaped by its power (Heb 4:12). Eilikrineia 3x in NT - 1 Co. 5:8; 2 Co. 1:12; 2 Co. 2:17 and not in Lxx. THOUGHT - Would my life pass the test of being held up to the light of the Son? Or would my life show "cracks" I have tried to cover over and conceal from others (cf Pr 28:13+, Nu 32:23b+)? As
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur adds that "Having slanderously accused Paul of being untrustworthy because of his change in travel plans, they also alleged that his teaching on the Lord Jesus was untrustworthy." (MNTC-2 Cor) The Son of God, Christ Jesus, Who was preached among you by us--by me and Silvanus and Timothy--was not yes and no, but is yes in Him - NLT = "For Jesus Christ, the Son of God, does not waver between "Yes" and "No." He is the one whom Silas, Timothy, and I preached to you, and as God's ultimate "Yes," he always does what he says." Phillips Paraphrase = "Jesus Christ, the Son of God, Whom Silvanus, Timothy and I have preached to you, is Himself no doubtful quantity, He is the divine “yes”."
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur points out "Throughout the history of the church, heretics have always assaulted the nature of Christ, and the false apostles at Corinth appear to be no exception in their effort to diminish Him. Having slanderously accused Paul of being untrustworthy because of his change in travel plans, they also alleged that his teaching on the Lord Jesus was untrustworthy....How utterly absurd, Paul argued, to accept and experience the gospel message as reliable, but consider those who preached it unreliable. How ridiculous to trust Paul’s word about eternal things, but not about mundane things like travel plans. The apostle who was exacting in communicating the true gospel of Christ was also exacting in the lesser matters of life. God did not choose an unstable, unreliable apostle to preach His truth." For as many as are the promises of God, in Him they are yes - TLB = "He carries out and fulfills all of God’s promises, no matter how many of them there are." In Jesus all the promises of God reach their fulfillment. NLT = "For all of God's promises have been fulfilled in Christ with a resounding "Yes!"" In a word ("yes") in Christ ALL the promises of God are true. As the NIV says "no matter how many promises God has made, they are "Yes" in Christ." God always keeps His promises.
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur says "Since Paul was their spiritual father (1 Cor. 4:15), to deny his authenticity was, figuratively, to saw off the branch on which they were sitting." Establishes is the verb bebaioo (present tense - continually establishes = a progressive experience) which was used in secular Greek as a legal technical term meaning "to designate properly guaranteed security". Its use in a legal sense therefore gives it great force here, indicating that there cannot be the slightest doubt about the salvation offered. The main point then is that this is truth that can be trusted without hesitation or reservation. Note where believers are "established" -- in Christ. In covenant with Him, in oneness with Him, in union with Him, in communion with Him, indelibly, eternally, irrevocably bound together with the Lord of lords. Amazing grace indeed! Note the same verb bebaioo was used in 1 Corinthians 1:8+ where Paul encouraged the Corinthian believers with the truth that God "will also confirm (bebaioo) you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ." Vincent on establishes us with you in Christ - The present participle with eis (into Christ) indicates the work as it is in progress toward a final identification of the believers with Christ.. (2 Corinthians 1) (ED: ALL BELIEVERS ARE POSITIONALLY IN CHRIST BY GRACE THROUGH FAITH, BUT THERE IS AN EVER INCREASING EXPERIENTIAL REALIZATION OF THIS UNION [GROWTH IN CHRISTLIKENESS] WHICH WILL REACH ITS CULMINATION/CONSUMMATION WHEN WE SEE HIM FACE TO FACE [GLORIFICATION], JOHN WRITING AT THAT TIME "WE WILL BE LIKE HIM, BECAUSE WE WILL SEE HIM JUST AS HE IS." 1 Jn 3:2+) In the New Testament anointing is always an act performed by God and signifies that the one anointed has been assigned to a task, with the implication of supernatural sanctions, blessing and endowment. The same verb anointed (chrio) is used to describe Jesus' anointing for ministry ("to preach the gospel to the poor," in Lk 4:18+). In that Lucan passage we note the Spirit of the Lord is upon Jesus, and in context, the believer is also anointed by God with the Spirit. John writes that believers "have an anointing (chrisma) from the Holy One" (1 Jn 2:20+) and then adds that "the anointing (chrisma) which you received from Him (present tense - continually) abides in you (THE SPIRIT WILL INDWELL BELIEVERS THROUGHOUT ETERNITY! cf "forever" in Jn 14:16, cf Mt 28:20)." (1 Jn 2:27+) MacArthur - The Holy Spirit sets apart believers and empowers them for the service of gospel proclamation and ministry (cf. Acts 1:8; 1Jn 2:20, 27). (MacArthur Study Bible)
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur - God set both Paul and all believers on the unshakable and eternal promise of salvation in Christ. God has guaranteed that promise of eternal inheritance through the indwelling Holy Spirit. How foolish it was, in light of Paul’s preaching those glorious, eternal divine realities, to question his legitimacy as an apostle because of a minor change in his travel plans! (MNTC-2 Cor) Regarding sealed Lightfoot makes an interesting comment that “the thing given is related to the thing assured—the present to the hereafter—as a part to the whole. It is the same in kind”. In other words the Spirit is the first installment of the Spirit, the "firstfruits" (as described in Ro 8:23) which awaits the complete "harvest" of "fruits" which every believer will ultimately and eternally enjoy! Amazing grace indeed! In fact Lightfoot goes on to add that "the actual spiritual life of the Christian is the same in kind (NOW) as his future glorified life; the kingdom of heaven is a present kingdom; the believer is already seated on the right hand of God (Eph 2:6).… Nevertheless the present gift of the Spirit is only a small fraction of the future endowment.!" That truth ought to evoke a veritable "Hallelujah chorus" from your heart beloved of God!
2 Coríntios 1
MacArthur says Paul "claimed no authority over their faith, which was a private matter between them and God. Saving faith is a personal matter between the believer and the Lord. No one but the Lord has authority over that relationship. Salvation is an individual matter and does not come through a hierarchical ecclesiastical organization." (MNTC-2 Cor)