1 Coríntios 1
John Calvin · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Coríntios 1
Calvin remarks, the useful lesson that a body may be very corrupt both as to doctrine and practice, as such corruptions undoubtedly prevailed even in Corinth, and yet it may be properly recognized as a church of God. (1 Corinthians 1 Commentary) Spurgeon on saints by calling - Called to sacred uses, set apart unto God. That is the call of all believers; they are like those vessels of the sanctuary which were not to be used by any but the priests of God, and by them only for God’s service (cf "sanctified" in 2 Ti 2:21+). So this is a message to us also who “call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord.” “The reality is that the Lord never calls the qualified; He qualifies the called.” ― Henry Blackaby Saints ("holy ones")(40)(hagios; or here from hagos = an "awful thing" in the sense of religious awe or possibly from hazo = to venerate) is literally set apart and thus distinct, holy, different (NOT WEIRD but DIFFERENT!). Hagios is the very word used to describe the Eternal God (1 Pe 1:16+). It means separated from sin and unto the sacred! Here Paul uses hagios to describe a sinner who has been sanctified or set apart by God's Spirit for God's good pleasure (and possession - cf 1 Cor 6:19+) and who can come into God's holy presence (cf Ro 5:2+, Heb 4:16+, Heb 10:19-22+). The Greeks used hagios to describe one dedicated to the so-called Gods (Satan is ever the master counterfeiter)! "This sainthood is not an attainment, it is a state into which God in grace calls men; yet believers are called to sanctify themselves (Heb 12:14NET+, cf Php 3:12+, 2 Cor 6:17, 1 Th 4:7NET+), cleansing themselves from all defilement, forsaking sin, living a holy manner of life, 1 Pe 1:14-16+; 2 Pe 3:11+, and experiencing fellowship with God in His holiness." (W E Vine) Hagios is Paul's favorite description of believers and designates the believer's position in Christ (see in Christ and in Christ Jesus) as holy or set apart from that which is secular, profane, and evil and dedicated unto God, His worship and His service (note order - worship before service, cp Mary and Martha - Lk 10:38-42+). Paul's uses of saint or saints - Ro 1:7; Ro 8:27; Ro 12:13; Ro 15:25; Ro 15:26; Ro 15:31; Ro 16:2; Ro 16:15; 1 Co. 1:2; 1 Co. 6:1; 1 Co. 6:2; 1 Co. 14:33; 1 Co. 16:1; 1 Co. 16:15; 2 Co. 1:1; 2 Co. 8:4; 2 Co. 9:1; 2 Co. 9:12; 2 Co. 13:13; Eph. 1:1; Eph. 1:15; Eph. 1:18; Eph. 2:19; Eph. 3:8; Eph. 3:18; Eph. 4:12; Eph. 5:3; Eph. 6:18; Phil. 1:1; Phil. 4:21; Phil. 4:22; Col. 1:2; Col. 1:4; Col. 1:12; Col. 1:26; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Th. 1:10; 1 Tim. 5:10; Philemon 1:5; Philemon 1:7; Related Resource: What are Christian saints according to the Bible? | GotQuestions.org ILLUSTRATION - A saint is like a boat -- the boat's purpose is fulfilled when it is in the water, but it's function and usefulness deteriorates when water gets in the boat. So too for saints when too much of the world gets into them. Saints must keep their "vessels" in the water of this word but not let the water of the world get into their "vessel"! Paul has a parallel thought writing to young Timothy to take of the truth that "if a man cleanses himself from these (things, people that have an unholy influence), he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified (hagiazo - verb form of saint), useful to the Master, prepared for every good work." (2 Ti 2:21+) A Chinese proverb speaks to those saints trying to live in the world and of the world "One foot cannot stand on two boats!" Calling (2822) see note above on kletos God's strength always accompanies God's call. WORSHIP OF THE LORD With all who in every place call on the name of our Lord (see kurios) Jesus (see Iesous) Christ (see Christos) their Lord and ours - Here Paul alludes to the sanctified saints in the church worldwide whereas the phrase church of God...at Corinth clearly referred to the local church body in Corinth. Paul could have said "and all who..." but he used a significant preposition with (sun/syn) which speaks of the indivisible, intimate union between the saints in Corinth and the saints throughout the world. Indeed, all who are in Christ are in covenant with Him, one with Him and thus one with each other. In truth, saved persons are more closely tied than blood ties between unsaved relatives. We see men first "began to call upon the Name of the LORD," in Genesis 4:26 (cf Abram Ge 12:8+, Ge 13:4, Ge 21:33, Ps 116:4+) implying a definite action of prayer and worship. In summary, to call on the Name of our Lord has a two-fold significance - (1) it speaks of becoming a believer (Joel 2:32+, Acts 2:21+; Acts 22:16+; Ro 10:9-13+) and (2) it speaks of worship (see especially Ge 12:8+, cf Acts 9:14+, Acts 9:21+ cf. Ge 4:26; Ge 26:25). Note that call upon is a present tense describing a continuing dependent relationship on Christ. Call upon (1941) epikaleomai = middle voice of epikaleo from epí = upon + kaléo = call) literally means to call upon and was often used in secular Greek to refer to calling upon deity for any purpose, especially for aid. It also means to invoke (to petition for help or support, make earnest request) a deity for something as in Peter's quote from Joel 2:32+ "WHOEVER WILL CALL ON THE NAME OF THE LORD WILL BE SAVED.” It describes "Stephen as he called on the Lord (kurios) and said, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” (Acts 7:59+). It was also used in the sense of referring to what one was name - Mt 10:25, Acts 1:23, Acts 4:36, Acts 10:5, Acts 10:18. Utley on with all who in every place” - Paul uses this phrase to remind the Corinthian believers that they are part of a larger church family. They do not have the right to uniqueness or special treatment. They must conform to the whole body of Christ in doctrine and practice (cf. 1 Cor 4:17; 7:17; 11:16; 14:33) (1 Corinthians 1 Commentary) Lord Jesus Christ - 12x in letters to the Corinthians and 5 times in this first chapter - 1 Cor 1:2 1 Cor 1:3 1 Cor 1:7 1 Cor 1:8 1 Cor 1:10 1 Cor 6:11 1 Cor 8:6 1 Cor 15:57 2 Cor 1:2 2 Cor 1:3 2 Cor 8:9 2 Cor 13:14. The designation of LORD is used 8x in 7v in 1 Corinthians -- Paul clearly wants the backsliding saints at Corinth to grasp the Lordship of Jesus Christ and understand they are not their own to do whatever they wish, but that they have been bought with a price and their purpose is now to glorify God (1 Cor 6:19-20+). JESUS IS LORD! Lord (master, owner)(2962)(kurios/kyrios from kuros = might or power, related to kuroo = to give authority) primarily means the possessor, owner, master, the supreme one, one who is sovereign (e.g., Roman emperors - Acts 25:26+) and possesses absolute authority, absolute ownership rights and uncontested power. Kurios is used of the one to whom a person or thing belonged, over which he has the power of deciding, the one who is the master or disposer of a thing (Mk 7:28+) Lord is used 139 times in the NT of the Godhead (or particularly of God the Father), and 489 times directly of Jesus, the most common title given to Jesus! Therefore it behooves us to understand the truth concerning Jesus as Lord and not allow ourselves to become side tracked in debate over so-called "Lordship salvation". The indisputable Biblical facts are that faith in Jesus saves and Jesus is Lord. (Ro 10:9-10+) This confession of "Jesus is Lord" became a direct affront to the practice of emperor worship (and is also an affront to our fallen flesh which seeks "reign in our mortal body." (Ro 6:12-13+). Certain cities even built temples for Caesar-worship as was the case in Smyrna (see comments Rev 2:8) where the command was to honor the emperor by confessing "Caesar is Lord". To declare "Jesus is Lord" became a crime punishable by death, resulting in the martyrdom. I think the first century believers understood "Lordship" in a way modern believers would find it difficult to comprehend! (cp Jesus' "prophetic" warning in Mt 10:22-25+ where "master" is kurios) Lord is not merely a name that composes a title, but signifies a call to action so that every saint should willingly, reverently bow down to Jesus Christ. If Christ is our Lord, we are to live under Him, consciously, continually submitting our wills to him as His loyal, loving bondservants ("love slaves"), always seeking first His Kingdom and His righteousness (Mt 6:33+). Kurios is used frequently in the Corinthian letters - 1 Co. 1:2; 1 Co. 1:3; 1 Co. 1:7; 1 Co. 1:8; 1 Co. 1:9; 1 Co. 1:10; 1 Co. 1:31; 1 Co. 2:8; 1 Co. 2:16; 1 Co. 3:5; 1 Co. 3:20; 1 Co. 4:4; 1 Co. 4:5; 1 Co. 4:17; 1 Co. 4:19; 1 Co. 5:4; 1 Co. 5:5; 1 Co. 6:11; 1 Co. 6:13; 1 Co. 6:14; 1 Co. 6:17; 1 Co. 7:10; 1 Co. 7:12; 1 Co. 7:17; 1 Co. 7:22; 1 Co. 7:25; 1 Co. 7:32; 1 Co. 7:34; 1 Co. 7:35; 1 Co. 7:39; 1 Co. 8:5; 1 Co. 8:6; 1 Co. 9:1; 1 Co. 9:2; 1 Co. 9:5; 1 Co. 9:14; 1 Co. 10:9; 1 Co. 10:21; 1 Co. 10:22; 1 Co. 10:26; 1 Co. 11:11; 1 Co. 11:23; 1 Co. 11:26; 1 Co. 11:27; 1 Co. 11:32; 1 Co. 12:3; 1 Co. 12:5; 1 Co. 14:21; 1 Co. 14:37; 1 Co. 15:31; 1 Co. 15:57; 1 Co. 15:58; 1 Co. 16:7; 1 Co. 16:10; 1 Co. 16:19; 1 Co. 16:22; 1 Co. 16:23; 2 Co. 1:2; 2 Co. 1:3; 2 Co. 1:14; 2 Co. 2:12; 2 Co. 3:16; 2 Co. 3:17; 2 Co. 3:18; 2 Co. 4:5; 2 Co. 4:14; 2 Co. 5:6; 2 Co. 5:8; 2 Co. 5:11; 2 Co. 6:17; 2 Co. 6:18; 2 Co. 8:5; 2 Co. 8:9; 2 Co. 8:19; 2 Co. 8:21; 2 Co. 10:8; 2 Co. 10:17; 2 Co. 10:18; 2 Co. 11:17; 2 Co. 11:31; 2 Co. 12:1; 2 Co. 12:8; 2 Co. 13:10; 2 Co. 13:14; THOUGHT - According to this practical working "definition" beloved we all need to ask ourselves "Is Jesus Christ my Lord?". "Do I arise each day, acknowledging that this is the day the Lord hath made?" (Ps 118:24) "Do I surrender my will to His will as I begin each day?" (Mt 6:10+, cp Ro 12:1+, Ro 12:2+, Ro 6:12-14+) Beloved, don't misunderstand. None of us have "arrived" in this area of Jesus as Lord of our lives. And it is precisely for that reason that Peter commands us to continually "grow (present imperative see our need to depend on the Holy Spirit to obey) in the grace (unmerited favor, power to live the supernatural, abundant life in Christ) and knowledge (not just intellectual but transformational) of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory, both now and to the day of eternity. Amen." (2Pe 3:18+) So do not be discouraged. Don't "throw in the towel" as they say. Keep on keeping on, pressing (continually = present tense enabled by the Holy Spirit) "on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus." (Php 3:14+)
1 Coríntios 1
Calvin - “Now, after preparing their minds for rebuke, acting like a good, experienced surgeon, who touches the wound gently when a painful remedy must be used, Paul begins to handle them more severely.” Hodge - There is only one exhortation in this verse, which is expressed first in general terms, that all of you agree with one another, and is then explained in the negative form, that there may be no divisions among you, and then positively, that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought. (1 Corinthians 1 Commentary) Jack Arnold - They should obey not out of respect for Paul but out of respect for Jesus Christ their Lord. A willingness to place themselves under the Lordship of Christ was the key to unification of the church. The Corinthians did not have a problem in their heads but in their hearts because they hated authority and would not bow to any man, not even Christ. Exhort (implore) (3870)(parakaleo from para = side of, alongside, beside + kaleo = call) literally means to call one alongside, to call someone to oneself, to call for, to summon. Parakaleo conveys the idea of giving help or aid, which would be very apropos for ed in the in infested Corinthian church. Parakaleo is the root of the word parakletos, John's Name for the Holy Spirit (John 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7). Parakaleo in the Corinthian letters - 1 Co. 1:10; 1 Co. 4:13; 1 Co. 4:16; 1 Co. 14:31; 1 Co. 16:12; 1 Co. 16:15; 2 Co. 1:4; 2 Co. 1:6; 2 Co. 2:7; 2 Co. 2:8; 2 Co. 5:20; 2 Co. 6:1; 2 Co. 7:6; 2 Co. 7:7; 2 Co. 7:13; 2 Co. 8:6; 2 Co. 9:5; 2 Co. 10:1; 2 Co. 12:8; 2 Co. 12:18; 2 Co. 13:11 Paul had a veritable "laundry list" of problems with the Corinthians, but it is notable that the first problem he chooses to address is their disagreements and divisions. All their problems were serious issues but disunity can destroy a church, as most of us have seen with church splits we have experienced or know about. As John