Lucas 6
George MacDonald · Citado em PreceptAustin
Lucas 6
MacDonald - Notice that this message of stern discipleship was given to the large crowd of His disciples, and a great throng of people (Lk 6:17) as well as to the twelve (ED: "APOSTLES" - Lk 6:13). It seems that whenever a great multitude followed Jesus, He tested their sincerity by speaking quite bluntly to them. As someone said, "Christ first woos, then winnows." (Borrow the Believer's Bible Commentary)
Lucas 6
MacDonald - It seems that whenever a great multitude followed Jesus, He tested their sincerity by speaking quite bluntly to them. As someone said, "Christ first woos, then winnows." (Borrow Believer's Bible Commentary) And a great throng of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon - Clearly Jesus' fame had spread throughout the region. Here is a map that shows Sidon on the Northwest coast, just north of Tyre. Compare other accounts of Jesus' increasing popularity - (Mt 4:25; 5:1; 12:15; Mk 3:7-8; Jn 6:2). Now Jesus is attracting not only interested Jews but interested Gentiles (Tyre and Sidon)
Lucas 6
MacDonald - Unsaved men can love those who love them. This is natural behavior, and so common that it makes no impact on the world of unsaved men. Banks and loan companies will lend money with the hope of collecting interest. This does not require divine life. (Borrow Believer's Bible Commentary) Peter has a similar statement regarding what credit we should expect when we do what natural, unsaved men do "For this finds favor, if for the sake of conscience toward God a person bears up under sorrows when suffering unjustly. For what credit is there if, when you sin and are harshly treated, you endure it with patience? But if when you do what is right and suffer for it you patiently endure it, this finds favor with God. (1 Peter 2:19,20+) In the Sermon on the Mount Jesus gave a similar "caveat" regarding who would be "given credit" (rewarded in this case) by God: "For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors (cf SINNERS) do the same? “If you greet only your brothers, what more are you doing than others (cf SINNERS)? Do not even the Gentiles do the same (YES OF COURSE)?" (Mt 5:46,47+) IVP Background Commentary - Ideas like loving enemies and lending without hoping to receive again were unheard of, although many Pharisees advocated peace with the Roman state (at least, tolerating enemies in some sense). (See The IVP Bible Background Commentary) Credit (5485)(charis) is usually translated grace but in this section is translated three times as "credit" (Lk 6:32, 33, 34). Mt 5:46 Jesus used "reward" (misthos) instead of credit. Sinners (268)(hamartolos from hamartáno = deviate, miss the mark which some lexicons say is from a = negative + meiromai = attain -- not to attain, not to arrive at the goal) is an adjective (e.g., "that through the commandment sin might become utterly sinful" - see Ro 7:13 -note) that is often used as a noun (as in this verse and Ro 5:19 [note]) to describe those who are continually erring from the way, constantly missing God's mark, living in opposition to His good and acceptable and perfect will. NET Note on sinners - Here the term sinners may refer to people who had no concern for observing the details of the Mosaic law; these were often treated as social outcasts. (a person who customarily sins—‘sinner, outcast.’) (ED: And comparison with Jesus' use of "tax collector" in place of sinners in Mt 5:46,47+ would support this premise) Hamartolos in Luke Lk. 5:8; Lk. 5:30; Lk. 5:32; Lk. 6:32; Lk. 6:33; Lk. 6:34; Lk. 7:34; Lk. 7:37; Lk. 7:39; Lk. 13:2; Lk. 15:1; Lk. 15:2; Lk. 15:7; Lk. 15:10; Lk. 18:13; Lk. 19:7; Lk. 24:7 Enemy Love - Luke 6:32 When war broke out in 1950, fifteen-year-old Kim Chin-Kyung joined the South Korean army to defend his homeland. He soon found, however, that he wasn’t ready for the horrors of combat. As young friends died around him, he begged God for his life and promised that, if allowed to live, he would learn to love his enemies. Sixty-five years later, Dr. Kim reflected on that answered prayer. Through decades of caring for orphans and assisting in the education of North Korean and Chinese young people, he has won many friends among those he once regarded as enemies. Today he shuns political labels. Instead he calls himself a loveist as an expression of his faith in Jesus. God, please give us the grace to be more like Jesus. The prophet Jonah left a different kind of legacy. Even a dramatic rescue from the belly of a big fish didn’t transform his heart. Although he eventually obeyed God, Jonah said he’d rather die than watch the Lord show mercy to his enemies (Jonah 4:1–2, 8). We can only guess as to whether Jonah ever learned to care for the people of Nineveh. Instead we are left to wonder about ourselves. Will we settle for his attitude toward those we fear and hate? Or will we ask God for the ability to love our enemies as He has shown mercy to us? Father in heaven, like Your reluctant prophet, we are inclined to love only those who love us. Yet You loved us even when we cared only for ourselves. Please give us the grace to be more like Jesus than Jonah. Love conquers all. Luke 6:33 "If you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. Luke 6 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 6:31-38 The Content of Kingdom Love - John MacArthur Luke 6:27-35 Radical Love - Steven Cole Luke 6:17-49 Jesus' Teaching - Darrell Bock DISCIPLES ARE TO DO GOOD TO ALL! If you do good (agathopoieo) to those who do good (agathopoieo) to you, what credit (charis) is that to you for even sinners (hamartolos) do the same. - IF is a third class conditional statement points to a future eventuality and indicates a degree of probability. This is self-explanatory. The upshot is that there is nothing supernatural about this kind of doing good because natural unsaved men can do this. Jesus' point in all 3 examples in Lk 6:32-34 is that we are not to live like sinners nor love like sinners! If we do there is no distinction between believers and unbelievers. Believers have a supernatural power, the indwelling Spirit, and a new mind, the mind of Christ, and our doing and loving should be distinctly, dramatically different from that of the lost world! See Mt 5:46,47+ THOUGHT - Is your doing and loving different? Or is it like that of the sinful men and women of this fallen world? This section is very convicting! Do good (15)(agathopoieo from agathos + poieo = do) means to do good to another person or behave or act in a proper manner. Agathopoieo - 10x in 9v - do what is right(2), do good(4), do right(1), does good(1), doing what is right(1), doing right(1). - Lk. 6:9; Lk. 6:33; Lk. 6:35; 1 Pet. 2:14; 1 Pet. 2:15; 1 Pet. 2:20; 1 Pet. 3:6; 1 Pet. 3:17; 3 Jn. 1:11. Septuagint - Nu 10:32; Jdg 17:13; Zeph 1:12 Pay It Backward —Luke 6:33 Would you pay the bill for the people in the car behind you at a fast-food drive-thru—even if you didn’t know them? That was the challenge given by a local Christian radio station to change their community. It was called “The Drive-Thru Difference.” The goal was to do a Christlike act of kindness for people who didn’t expect it and to leave a note saying you did it because of your love for Christ. Why do this? Why spend money for someone else’s food—especially someone we don’t know and who may be hostile to the faith? Why give without any hope of return? It sounds countercultural, but the idea has strong biblical basis. Notice what Jesus said as He addressed a large crowd: “If you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. And if you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you?” (Luke 6:32-33). Clearly, Jesus wants us to do good to people who can in no way pay us back. Whether we’re paying someone’s bill at Taco Bell or dropping change into the Salvation Army kettle, our concern should be selfless giving—whether we get credit for it or not. In Jesus’ name, who can you bless today? Be a servant of the Lord And do not look for a reward; Not for glory or for fame, Just give freely in His name. —Roworth The motive of giving reveals the character of the giver more than the gift itself. Luke 6:34 "If you lend to those from whom you expect to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners in order to receive back the same amount. KJV And if ye lend to them of whom ye hope to receive, what thank have ye? for sinners also lend to sinners, to receive as much again. Lk 6:35; 14:12-14; Deuteronomy 15:8-11; Matthew 5:42 Luke 6 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 6:31-38 The Content of Kingdom Love - John MacArthur Luke 6:27-35 Radical Love - Steven Cole Luke 6:17-49 Jesus' Teaching - Darrell Bock DISCIPLES LEND REGARDLESS! If you lend (danizo) to those from whom you expect (elpizo) to receive (lambano), what credit (charis) is that to you? - IF is another third class conditional statement which points to a future eventuality and indicates a degree of probability. Answer? no credit! Jesus then explains why it is no credit. Even sinners (hamartolos) lend to sinners (hamartolos) in order to receive back (apolambano) the same amount - NLT has "And if you lend money only to those who can repay you, why should you get credit? Even sinners will lend to other sinners for a full return." Bock - When we give, it should not be with strings attached. When we serve, it should be to meet needs, not to give tit for tat. True service involves a giving that does not demand a giving back. IVP Background Commentary - In the Roman world, interest rates sometimes ran as high as 48 percent, but the Old Testament forbade usury, or charging interest. Because many Jewish creditors feared that they would lose their investment if they lent too near the seventh year (when the law required cancellation of all debts), they stopped lending then, hurting the small farmers who needed to borrow for planting. Jewish teachers thus found a way to circumvent this law so the poor could borrow so long as they repaid. Jesus argues that this practice should not be necessary; those with resources should help those without, whether or not they would lose money by doing so. Biblical laws about lending to the poor before the year of release (Deut 15:9; every seventh year debts were forgiven; cf. Lev 25) support Jesus’ principle here, but Jesus goes even farther in emphasizing unselfish giving. Although the law limited selfishness, Jesus looks to the heart of the law and advocates sacrifice for one’s neighbor. A good man’s “sons” were expected to exemplify their father’s character; thus God’s children should act like him. (See The IVP Bible Background Commentary) Lend (1155)(danizo) (1) active lend (money) (Lk 6.34, 35); (2) middle voice = borrow (money) ( Mt 5.42). No uses in Septuagint. Expect (1679)(elpizo) in the sense of counting on something, with implication of confidence for it coming to pass. Receive (2983) lambano means to take or grasp, receive or accept an object or benefit for which the initiative rests with the giver, but the focus of attention in the transfer is upon the receiver, of personally appropriating the thing to be received. To take something into one’s possession. It can indicate both benevolent and hostile actions, and have as object either people or things; e.g. take a wife, collect taxes, accept a verdict, take a road, and figuratively take courage. Lambano uses by Luke - Lk. 5:5; Lk. 5:26; Lk. 6:4; Lk. 6:34; Lk. 7:16; Lk. 9:16; Lk. 9:39; Lk. 11:10; Lk. 13:19; Lk. 13:21; Lk. 18:30; Lk. 19:12; Lk. 19:15; Lk. 20:21; Lk. 20:28; Lk. 20:29; Lk. 20:31; Lk. 20:47; Lk. 22:17; Lk. 22:19; Lk. 24:30; Lk. 24:43; Acts 1:8; Acts 1:20; Acts 1:25; Acts 2:33; Acts 2:38; Acts 3:3; Acts 3:5; Acts 7:53; Acts 8:15; Acts 8:17; Acts 8:19; Acts 9:19; Acts 9:25; Acts 10:43; Acts 10:47; Acts 15:14; Acts 16:3; Acts 16:24; Acts 17:9; Acts 17:15; Acts 19:2; Acts 20:24; Acts 20:35; Acts 26:10; Acts 26:18; Acts 27:35; Acts 28:15; Receive back (618)(apolambano from apo = from + lambáno = to receive, take) means to receive fully, receive in full what is one’s due, get back, recover fully what is promised or even to receive by way of retribution. "In context the repayment of the amount lent is implied. Jesus was noting that utilitarian motives are the way of the world." (NET) Luke 6:35 "But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for He Himself is kind to ungrateful and evil men. KJV But love ye your enemies, and do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again; and your reward shall be great, and ye shall be the children of the Highest: for he is kind unto the unthankful and to the evil. But love your enemies Lk 6:27-31; Lev 25:35-37; Ps 37:26; 112:5; Proverbs 19:17; 22:9; Romans 5:8-10; 2 Corinthians 8:9 you will be sons of the Most High Mt 5:44-45; John 13:35; Jn 15:8; 1 John 3:10-14; 1 Jn 4:7-11 for Ps 145:9; Acts 14:17 Luke 6 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Luke 6:31-38 The Content of Kingdom Love - John MacArthur Luke 6:27-35 Radical Love - Steven Cole Luke 6:17-49 Jesus' Teaching - Darrell Bock DISCIPLES HAVE A GREAT PAYDAY SOMEDAY! But - Here is another strategic term of contrast. Jesus is contrasting the doing and loving like unsaved sinners would do (doing what they do to get "credit" as described in Lk 6:32-34) with what is expected of those who have been born again and who have continual access to the power Source (the Holy Spirit Who gives us both the desire and the power! Php 2:13NLT+) to exhibit this quality of supernatural, radical love. We are not to follow these directions to EARN salvation – but to DEMONSTRATE salvation. -- Lowell Johnson God’s children should bear the indelible stamp of His moral character ("partakers of the divine nature" = 2 Pe 1:4+). Since He is loving, gracious, and generous—even to those who are His enemies—we should be like Him. And when we are bearing fruit that is clearly supernatural we fulfill the words of Jesus for His disciples - “My Father is glorified by this, that you bear much fruit, and so prove to be My disciples." (Jn 15:8) Not only do we prove we are His disciples when we bear fruit, when we obey His command to “Let our light shine before men in such a way (SUCH A WAY THAT THEY DON'T GIVE US THE CREDIT!) that they may see our good (SUPERNATURAL) works" we "glorify (GIVE A PROPER OPINION) our Father Who is in heaven." (Mt 5:16+) But love (agapao) your enemies (echthros), and do good, (agathopoieo) and lend (danizo) expecting nothing in return (apelpizo) - Jesus like a good (the best) Preacher, repeats the crucial, difficult teaching points almost exactly as in Lk 6:27. Notice that all three verbs (love, do good, lend) are not suggestions but commands in the present imperative, which means these actions are to be a disciple's lifestyle. The present tense (habitual, lifestyle), imperative mood (a command not a suggestion!) calls for these to be the habit of one's life. The active voice means that we (the subject) must initiate this action as a choice of our will, but the problem is that our Old Man does not want to make this choice! It is only by continually relying on the supernatural "energization" of God in us, the indwelling Spirit, that we will have the supernatural desire and power to obey and please God (Paul writes that "God...is at work [energeo in present tense ~ continually "energizing"] in you" Php 2:13NLT+). To reiterate, there is only ONE WAY to keep the commands of God and that is not by relying on self but by continually relying wholly on the Holy Spirit's power to enable us to do supernaturally what we simply cannot accomplish naturally! If you have experienced frustration and repeated failure in keeping God's commands (there are over 1600 in the NT!), then this truth is for you! It is the Spirit Who sets you free to obey God's Word. (See discussion of the Need for the Holy Spirit to obey NT commands) THOUGHT- This section begs several questions: Are you continually being filled with the Spirit? Eph 5:18+) Are you walking by the Spirit? (Gal 5:16+) Have you grieved the Spirit (Eph 4:30+) or quenched the Spirit (1 Th 5:19+) by harboring unconfessed sins (thought, word or deed) and thereby in effect "cutting off" the Spirit's power or "quenching" His flame? If so, then confess your specific sins by name (1 John 1:9+) and then walk in the light (1 John 1:7+), filled with and empowered by the Spirit of Christ! This is the way to abundant life and victory over the sin that so easily entangles you (and me!) (Heb 12:1+)! When wronged by those who wish us harm, Lord, teach us what to say; Help us respond with Christlike love— With good their deeds repay. —Henry Bosch In a parallel passage Jesus speaks of sons ("like Father, like son") “But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that (TERM OF PURPOSE - PURPOSE OF OBEYING THE PRECEDING COMMANDS) you may be sons of your Father Who is in heaven; for He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous (Cf He Himself is kind to ungrateful and evil men). (Mt 5:44-45+) Comment - Note love and pray are both in the present imperative, commands (rather than suggestions) calling for supernatural love and an attitude of prayer as one's lifestyle or continual practice. Clearly this command can only be obeyed by grace through faith in the fact that the Spirit of Christ Who indwells will manifest His love through us. It is impossible but is Him-possible! (See discussion of the Need for the Holy Spirit to obey NT commands) The point of God causing the sun to rise on the evil and the good is that God in His kindness gives sinners what they do not deserve (we are all sinners) (cf Ps 145:15-17).