Deuteronômio 31

Deuteronômio 31

Morgan - Deuteronomy 31:19 Write ye this song—Deut. 31.19 For forty years Moses had led the people. During that time he had constantly communed with God, and in the course of that communion had received many changes. This was one of the last things he was told to do. He was to write a song, and the purpose of it was distinctly stated. A great song once embodied in the life of a people will remain from generation to generation. In days of disaster it will be a haunting memory testifying to truth concerning God. In days of difficulty it will be a messenger of new courage. In days of victory it will be a means of expression. Songs often remain after commandments are forgotten. Therefore Moses was commanded to write a song and teach it to the people. The song itself is found in our next chapter. This is a very suggestive story, bringing to our hearts anew a sense of the value of poetic expression, and showing that it is also a gift of God. There are people who seem to imagine that if we speak of poetry, we are referring to some-thing speculative, imaginative, probably untrue. As a matter of fact, poetry is the highest method of human language, giving expression, as prose never can, to the deepest and truest things of the soul. The Church is more enriched in her catholic songs, than in all her systematic theologies. In the former she realizes her unity, where-as in the latter she too often creates her divisions. The Wesleys did more for experimental Christianity in their hymns, than in all their printed explanations. A great song is a great possession, and not for Israel only, but for us also this song of Moses is among the most beautiful and most strong. (G Campbell Morgan - Life Applications from Every Chapter of the Bible) Deuteronomy 31:20 "For when I bring them into the land flowing with milk and honey, which I swore to their fathers, and they have eaten and are satisfied and become prosperous, then they will turn to other gods and serve them, and spurn Me and break My covenant. when: De 6:10-12 7:1 8:7 flowing: Ex 3:8,17 eaten: De 8:10-14 Ne 9:25-26 become prosperous: De 32:15 Ne 9:25,26,35 Ps 17:10 73:7 119:70 Jer 5:28 50:11 Eze 34:16,20 Ho 13:6 then: De 31:16,17 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries DANGEROUS INFLUENCE OF AFFLUENCE! For - Yahweh explains why He is preparing this song to be His witness against Israel in the future. When I bring them into the land flowing with milk and honey, which I swore to their fathers - Note WHEN, not IF indicating the certainty of God's bringing them into the land. God keeps His promises (even when the first generation refused to believe them)! Note also that it is God's sovereign will and power that brings Israel into the land which was first promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. And they have eaten and are satisfied and become prosperous - NET renders it "they eat their fill and become fat." ESV = "are full and grown fat." God knew Israel would become prosperous in the promised land but that this would lead to their spiritual declension and eventually their destruction. Moses had warned Israel of the danger of prosperity and satisfaction “When you have eaten and are satisfied, you shall bless the LORD your God for the good land which He has given you. 11 “Beware that you do not forget the LORD your God by not keeping His commandments and His ordinances and His statutes which I am commanding you today; 12 otherwise, when you have eaten and are satisfied, and have built good houses and lived in them, 13 and when your herds and your flocks multiply, and your silver and gold multiply, and all that you have multiplies (aka prosperity), 14 THEN (PERFECT PARALLEL WITH "THEN" HERE IN Dt 31:20) your HEART will become PROUD and you will FORGET the LORD your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery. (Dt 8:10-14+) Then - When? When they are satisfied. In the passage above note the heart of the problem is the heart, for when Israel would become "full and fat" this would be fertile soil for pride (LOOK WHAT WE'VE ACCOMPLISHED!) and God's promise, presence and power to bring them into the Promised Land would become a fading memory. THOUGHT - Prosperity is always potentially dangerous spiritually because it can lead to pride and spiritual amnesia regarding why one is prosperous. God can quickly take a back seat in this setting. The problem is that our hearts are made to worship God and if we do not, we will worship a god of our own making. In sum, when we are satisfied with things and not with God, we are treading on "thin ice" spiritually! They will turn (panah) to other gods (elohim) and serve (abad) them, and spurn (Heb - naas; NET - "reject" NLT, ESV = "despise") Me and break My covenant (berit/berith/beriyth) - Turn is the same verb (panah; Lxx - epistrepho) as in Dt 31:18. Israel's prosperity would set them up for the abominable practice of idolatry. The trouble with idolatry is that it is not a neutral spiritual activity and it eventually would enslave Israel (serve them). The Hebrew verb for spurn is naas which means to treat with contempt. The people who were chosen by God would despise Him and spurn Him. In playing the harlot after their idols, in their spiritual adultery, they would in effect break their "vows" ("we will do" - Ex 24:3,7+) and thereby break their "marriage" covenant with their "Husband" Yahweh (see note below). Jehovah was the "Husband" of Israel as described in Je 31:31, 32+, Isa 54:5 (cf Ho 2:2, Jer 2:2NET = "I remember how you loved me like a new bride; you followed me through the wilderness" Jer 3:14KJV = Yahweh says "I am married [baal] unto you."). Note that the word "husband" is baal (master, owner - see related words below) and is the same word used for Israel's "lover" with whom she had an adulterous affair, for these idols were often named "Baal!" (cf Jdg 2:11-13+) In the OT, under the Old Covenant, Israel formally became Jehovah's "Wife" in the "ceremony" at the foot of Mt. Sinai (Ex 19:1,2+) when God gave Moses the Law and Israel said "Yes" (cf marriage ceremony where bride says "I do" - Israel the "bride" of Yahweh said "We will do"! - Ex 24:3,7+) to the vows. Note that the solemn, binding nature of their entrance into this covenant was ratified by the blood of the covenant (Ex 24:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8+, see also Heb 9:18-21+). Israel was (repeatedly) an unfaithful, adulterous wife and was thus disowned by Jehovah, but will she will one day in the future repent (cf Zech 12:10-14+) and be restored (Isa 62:4-5 - where the verb "married" = baal!), a prophecy which will be fulfilled in the Messianic Age - see [a] Events Leading up to the Millennium; [b] OT Promises of God to Israel which will finally be fulfilled in the Millennium). Israel the Wife of Jehovah Baal (verb)(husband, marry, rule)(01166) baal Baal (noun)(husband, lord, master, owner, possessor)(01167) ba'al Baal (proper noun)(01168) ba'al Baal - See uses in combination with other Hebrew words Did God divorce Israel? | GotQuestions.org Deuteronomy 31:21 "Then it shall come about, when many evils and troubles have come upon them, that this song will testify before them as a witness (for it shall not be forgotten from the lips of their descendants); for I know their intent which they are developing today, before I have brought them into the land which I swore." this song: De 31:19 I know: Ge 6:5 Ge 8:21 Ps 139:2 Isa 46:10 Eze 38:10-11 Hos 5:3 13:5,6 Amos 5:25-26 Joh 2:24-25 Ac 2:23 4:28 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Psalm 139:2 You know when I sit down and when I rise up; You understand my thought from afar. Isaiah 46:10 Declaring the end from the beginning, And from ancient times things which have not been done, Saying, ‘My purpose will be established, And I will accomplish all My good pleasure’; GOD'S FOREKNOWLEDGE OF FUTURE TROUBLES And when many evils and troubles have come upon them, this song shall confront them as a witness (for it will live unforgotten in the mouths of their offspring). For I know what they are inclined to do even today, before I have brought them into the land that I swore to give." (Dt 31:21ESV) Then it shall come about, when many evils and troubles have come upon them, that this song will testify before them (ESV = shall confront them) as a witness (for it shall not be forgotten from the lips of their descendants) - NET = "when many disasters and distresses overcome them" NLT = "This song will stand as evidence against them." Note the word is WHEN, not IF, pointing out that the evils and troubles are coming in the future! Isn't it true how we often recall the words of songs, but can't recall Bible memory verses. So God wants them to learn Moses' Song so they would recall it to mind when the evils and troubles came upon them. The song would serve as a witness does in the court today, and it would testify not just "before" them but against Israel. Note the fact that Israel would not be able to escape the testimony of Moses' Song because it would not be forgotten from the lips of their descendants. Although there is no record of Israel singing Moses' Song, the implication is that it may have been sung and this is what facilitated it from being forgotten. As they recalled the words of the song, they would surely see that they were guilty of the very treachery the song had prophesied about Israel (Read song in Dt 32:1-43). Moses calls three witnesses (2 would have been sufficient to convict - Dt 19:15+) to the stand in chapter 31 - (1) His Song (Dt 31:19, 21), (2) The Law next to the Ark (Dt 31:26) and (3) The heavens and the earth (Dt 31:28). For I know their intent which they are developing today, before I have brought them into the land which I swore (shaba) - "I know the intentions they have in mind today, even before I bring them to the land I have promised." (Dt 31:21NET) God is saying in effect He knew Israel's future (foreknowledge) forsaking of Himself and He knew that their thoughts were already beginning to develop before they entered the Promised Land! Intent (03336)(yeser from yatsar = to from or fashio ) means a form, framing, purpose. The primary translation is “form,” which can refer either to the shape of an object or the object itself as a thing which has been formed (Leviathan in Ps 104:26). Isaiah 29:16 uses it for the actual piece of pottery: “Shall what is formed say to him who formed it” that the work was not done properly? The rhetorical question serves as a metaphor for humans questioning God’s actions. Habakkuk 2:18, on the other hand, uses the noun to describe the shape of a graven image ("its maker trusts in his own handiwork"). In Ps. 103:14, the word is used figuratively, as David exclaims, “He Himself knows our frame [our shape or form]; he is mindful that we are but dust” Since He created us, He is well aware of the frailty of our construction. The remaining uses of the word describe the way a thought is formed in the mind, often translated “imagination,” “device” or “purpose.” Genesis 6:5 describes the moral pollution of the world before the flood by saying that “every intent of the thoughts of [the human] heart was only evil continually.” Compare "for the intent of man’s heart is evil from his youth" in Ge 8:21. Moses used the same word to describe the tendency of the Israelites to develop yearnings for other gods (Dt. 31:21). In a more positive note, David exhorted his son Solomon to serve God with his whole heart, because the LORD understands every inner intention of the mind (1 Chr. 28:9 = "understands every intent of the heart."). David later prayed that God would preserve the integrity of Israel’s inner thoughts (1 Chr. 29:18 = "understands every intent of the thoughts"). The final use of the word is a description of the trusting state of mind, “The steadfast of mind You will keep in perfect peace, Because he trusts in You” (Isa. 26:3). Yeser - formed(1), frame(1), handiwork(1), intent(4), intentions*(1), mind(1), what(1). Gen. 6:5; Gen. 8:21; Deut. 31:21; 1 Chr. 28:9; 1 Chr. 29:18; Ps. 103:14; Ps. 104:26; Isa. 26:3; Isa. 29:16; Hab. 2:18 Deuteronomy 31:22 So Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the sons of Israel. De 31:9,19 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES WROTE THE DIVINELY INSPIRED LYRICS So - Functions like a "therefore," a term of conclusion. Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught (lamad; Lxx = didasko) it to the sons of Israel - No arguments from Moses. Simply unhesitating obedience even in his last days on earth. If he taught to them, it means or certainly implies all Israel learned this song. If Moses taught it one assumes they "caught" it. Clearly they missed the import of the warnings of their apostasy. THOUGHT - It is one thing to have a song in your head, but another to have it in your heart. Clearly, Israel's subsequent history of persistent disobedience and idolatry signifies it was not in their heart, not controlling their thoughts and intentions, not affecting their will and their ways. The take home message is don't just sing words praising God, but submit to God and make your life a living sacrifice of praise (Hebrews 13:15+, Ro 12:1+). A Song To Remember Ascribe greatness to our God. He is the Rock, His work is perfect. — Deuteronomy 32:3-4 Today's Scripture: Deuteronomy 31:16-22 I was delighted when I received a free gift in the mail—a CD of Scripture set to music. After listening to it several times, some of the melodies took root in my mind. Before long, I could sing the words to a couple of verses in the book of Psalms without the help of the recording. Music can help us recall words and ideas we might otherwise forget. God knew that the Israelites would forget Him when they entered the Promised Land (Deut. 31:20). They would forsake Him, turn to idols, and trouble would follow (Dt 31:16-18). Because of this, He asked Moses to compose a song and teach it to the Israelites so they could remember their past closeness with Him and the sin that hurt their relationship (Dt 31:19-22). Perhaps most important, God wanted His nation to recall His character: “[God] is the Rock, His work is perfect; for all His ways are justice, a God of truth and without injustice; righteous and upright is He” (Dt 32:4). Give me a spirit of praise, dear Lord, That I may adore Your name, Sing praises from the depths of a grateful heart To the One who is always the same. —Dawe Remembering God’s goodness puts a song in your heart. What’s Your Song? So Moses wrote down this song that day and taught it to the Israelites. Deuteronomy 31:22 Today's Scripture & Insight: Deuteronomy 31:15–22 Most Americans knew little about Alexander Hamilton—until 2015, when Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his hit musical Hamilton. Now schoolchildren know Hamilton’s story by heart. They sing it to each other on the bus and at recess. He’s their favorite founding father. God knows the power of music, and He told Moses to “write down this song and teach it to the Israelites and have them sing it” (Deuteronomy 31:19). God knew that long after Moses was gone, when He had brought Israel into the Promised Land, they would rebel and worship other gods. So He told Moses, “This song will testify against them, because it will not be forgotten by their descendants” (v. 21). Songs are nearly impossible to forget, so it’s wise to be selective about what we sing. Some songs are just for fun, and that’s fine, but we benefit from songs that boast in Jesus and encourage our faith. One of the ways we “[make] the most of every opportunity” is when we speak “to one another with psalms, hymns, and songs from the Spirit.” So “sing and make music from your heart to the Lord” (see Ephesians 5:15–19). What should you look for in a worship song? Is there a favorite song you can sing more often? Why? Father, this song is my prayer to You. (Sing your favorite.) MUSIC'S POWER Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the children of Israel. Deuteronomy 31:22 A college student was troubled by sinful thoughts. Even though he regularly read his Bible and prayed, he continued to struggle, so he sought help from a Christian counselor. "What kind of music do you listen to?" asked the counselor. The student said it was secular rock. The counselor then commented, "Think of your mind as a big sheet of paper. Each song you hear is a match burning the edges. You ask God to heal the burn, and He begins applying the salve of His Word. But you keep adding matches. Listen to Christian music and see what happens." The student did, and the truth set to music began to heal his mind. God combines music's power with truth to draw His people closer to Himself. In Deuteronomy 32, Moses taught a new generation of Israelites a long song of 43 verses. It proclaimed God's faithfulness, but it would also become a witness against them when they settled in the Promised Land and forsook Him. The song's purpose was twofold: It would show the Israelites that God had a right to their love, and it would call them back to Himself when they had come to the end of their own strength (Dt 30:36-39). There is a music from above That takes away our tears; It is God's melody of love-- It quiets all our fears. DJD If there's no harmony in your life, try changing your tune. Deuteronomy 31:23 Then He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, "Be strong and courageous, for you shall bring the sons of Israel into the land which I swore to them, and I will be with you." He commissioned Joshua: De 31:7,8,14 Jos 1:5-9 shalt bring: De 31:3 3:28 Ac 7:45 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Then - Marks progression in the narrative. He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun - Commissioned is tsavah which is most often rendered commanded but in this context speaks of Joshua's assignment to his role as the new leader of Israel. And said, "Be strong and courageous - Third time this identical double command is given in this chapter (Dt 31:6, 7, 23). See notes on Dt 31:6. for you shall bring the sons of Israel into the land which I swore to them, and I will be with you - In the parallel passage in Dt 31:7 it is rendered "go (bo) with this people" and here it says "shall bring (bo) the sons," but the same Hebrew verb (bo) is used in both passages. The Septuagint verb here is eisago which means to bring or lead in or into (e.g., Acts 9:8+). NET NOTE - The LXX reads, “as the LORD promised them, and he will be with you.” This relieves the problem of Moses apparently promising to be with Joshua as the MT reads on the surface (“I will be with you”). However, the reading of the LXX is clearly an attempt to clarify an existing obscurity and therefore is unlikely to reflect the original. Joshua the son of Nun - 27x in 27v - Ex. 33:11; Nu 11:28; Nu 14:6; Nu 14:30; Nu 14:38; Nu 26:65; Nu 27:18; Nu 32:12; Nu 32:28; Num. 34:17; Deut. 1:38; Deut. 31:23; Deut. 32:44; Deut. 34:9; Jos. 1:1; Jos. 2:1; Jos. 2:23; Jos. 6:6; Jos. 14:1; Jos. 17:4; Jos. 19:49; Jos. 19:51; Jos. 21:1; Jos. 24:29; Jdg. 2:8; 1 Ki. 16:34; Neh. 8:17 Deuteronomy 31:24 It came about, when Moses finished writing the words of this law in a book until they were complete, De 31:9 Dt 17:18 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES FINISHES THE BOOK OF THE LAW It came about, when Moses finished writing the words of this law in a book (on a scroll) until they were complete (NRSV, ESV = "to the very end") - HCSB = "every single word of this law." In Dt 31:9 we read "So Moses wrote this law and gave it to the priests, the sons of Levi who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and to all the elders of Israel." Now we read that Moses has finished writing the Book. Deuteronomy 31:25 that Moses commanded the Levites who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, saying, the ark: De 31:9 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries MOSES COMMANDS LEVITES CARRYING THE ARK that Moses commanded the Levites who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, saying - Earlier Moses recorded "So Moses wrote this law and gave it to the priests, the sons of Levi who carried the ark of the covenant of the LORD, and to all the elders of Israel.(Dt 31:9) Note that this writing is not the law on two tablets of stone that were on the INSIDE the Ark. Deuteronomy 31:26 "Take this book of the law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may remain there as a witness against you. side: 1Ki 8:9 2Ki 22:8-11 2Ch 34:14,15 witness: De 31:19 2Ki 22:8,13-19 Ro 3:19,20 Ga 2:19 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries BOOK OF LAW BESIDE ARK OF THE COVENANT Take this book of the law and place it beside the ark of the covenant of the LORD your God, that it may remain there as a witness against you - The purpose of placing the book of the law beside the ark was to be a continual witness against Israel. Moses calls three witnesses (2 would have been sufficient to convict - Dt 19:15+) to the "witness stand" in chapter 31 - (1) His Song (Dt 31:19, 21), (2) The Law next to the Ark (Dt 31:26) and (3) The heavens and the earth (Dt 31:28). Deuteronomy 31:27 "For I know your rebellion and your stubbornness; behold, while I am still alive with you today, you have been rebellious against the LORD; how much more, then, after my death? I know: De 32:20 your rebellion and your stubbornness: De 9:6 Dt 32:20 Ex 32:8 2Ch 30:8 Ps 78:8 Isa 48:4 Ac 7:51 you have been rebellious against the LORD: De 9:24 Deuteronomy 31 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Acts 7:51+ “You men who are stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears are always resisting the Holy Spirit; you are doing just as your fathers did. MOSES CALLS OUT ISRAEL'S REBELLION AND STUBBORNNESS For - Moses explains why the book of the law need to be in a prominent place to be a witness -- it was going to in effect be a witness against "high crimes and misdemeanors" of the Israelites. I know your rebellion and your stubbornness (stiffness of neck) - We read a similar accusation in Dt 9:6+ "Know, then, it is not because of your righteousness that the LORD your God is giving you this good land to possess, for you are a stubborn people." Rebellion (04805) meri from marah = to be contentious) obstinacy, stubbornness, rebelliousness. Baker writes that meri "most often describes the Israelites' determined refusal to obey the precepts laid down by the Lord in His Law or Torah. This characteristic attitude was a visible manifestation of their hard hearts. Moses had the Book of the Law placed beside the ark of the covenant to remain there as a witness against the Israelites' rebelliousness after he died (Deut. 31:27; Nu 17:10). The Lord rejected Saul as king over Israel because of his rebellion against the command the Lord had earlier given him (1 Sam. 15:23). Continually in Ezekiel, the Lord refers to Israel as the "house of rebelliousness" (= rebellious people; Ezek. 2:5-8; 3:9, 26, 27; 12:2, 3, 9)."(Word Study OT) Stubbornness (harsh, obstinate, stiff) (07186) qasheh means hard, harsh, cruel, severe, strong, violent, fierce. This term's basic function is to describe something as hard. The root qāshî apparently arose from an agricultural milieu. It emphasizes, first, the subjective effect exerted by an overly heavy yoke, which is hard to bear, and secondarily, the rebellious resistance of oxen to the yoke. Thus we see hard labor (Ex 1:14, Ex 6:9, 1 Ki 12:4, 2 Chr 10:4, Isa 14:3), Joseph's hard words (Ge 42:7, 30), Nabal was harsh (1 Sa 25:3), Israel was often described as stubborn or obstinate (Ex 32:9, 33:3, 33:5, 34:9, Dt 9:6, 13, Dt 31:27, Jdg 2:19), obstinate (Is 48:4, Ezek 3:7), oppressed ("hard") in spirit (Hannah in 1 Sa 1:15), hard or difficult legal question (Ex. 18:26), severe battle (2 Sa 2:17), wind (Isa. 27:8), vision (Isa. 21:2); difficult times (Job 30:25), a relentless sword (Isa. 27:1) and fierce jealousy (Song 8:6). The Septuagint translates qasheh here in Exodus 6:9 with skleros meaning literally hard, dry, rough; figuratively in the NT; (a) of words harsh, unpleasant, hard to take, intolerable behold, while I am still alive with you today, you have been rebellious against the LORD; how much more, then, after my death? - Moses' presence served as a brake on a car to keep Israel from driving out of (spiritual) control and crashing and being destroyed. But as the old adage says "When the cat's away the mice will play!" Sad but true! We saw a "preview of coming attractions" in Exodus 32:1-6+! NET NOTE "The Hebrew text has a sarcastic rhetorical question here; the translation seeks to bring out the force of the question." Adam