Êxodo 21
G. Campbell Morgan · Citado em PreceptAustin
Êxodo 21
Morgan - the condition of slaves among the Hebrew people would be in marked distinction to slavery as existing among other peoples. It was the beginning of a great moral movement. George Bush - Being made free by law he was to pay nothing for his liberty. Nor was he required to pay for any thing else. Although he might during the period of his service have labored under sickness, and put his master to cost, yet no compensation was to be expected from him at the time of his release; for a man’s servant was during his servitude as his own possession for which he was bound to provide at his own charges.—One cannot but be struck with admiration at perceiving what kind provisions were made for the Hebrew bondman; how carefully he was guarded from violence, injustice, and wrong. The circumstances under which a native Hebrew might become a slave were the following; (1.) When under the pressure of extreme poverty he sold his liberty to preserve himself or his family from suffering; Lev. 25:39, ‘If thy brother be waxen poor and be sold unto thee,’ &c. (2.) When sold for a like reason by a father; v. 7, ‘If a man sell his daughter to be a maid-servant,’ &c. Comp. Neh. 5:5. (3.) Insolvent debtors might, as a punishment, be sold for servants, or, by way of payment, put into the hands of their creditors as slaves; 2 Kings, 4:1, ‘My husband is dead—and the creditor is come to take unto him my two sons to be bondmen.’ (4.) A thief who was unable to make restitution for what he had stolen, according to the proportion required of him by the law, was sold by way of requital to him whom he had robbed; Ex. 22:3, 4, ‘If he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.’ (5.) Slaves were acquired by the issue of the marriages of slaves. The condition of slavery, however, is undoubtedly regarded in the Scriptures as an evil, yet, as it was an evil that had prevailed in the world long before the establishment of the Jewish polity, infinite wisdom did not see fit at once to root it out, but enacted such meliorating laws in respect to it as would tend to divest it of its most aggravated and cruel features, and render it as tolerable as a state of bondage could well be. In like manner he regulated without extirpating polygamy. This stipulation was elaborated on in two other books, Leviticus at the beginning of the nation and Deuteronomy just prior to Israel's entrance into the Promised Land. And so we read... Leviticus 25:39-43 If a countryman of yours (A HEBREW) becomes so poor with regard to you that he sells himself to you, you shall not subject him to a slave’s service. 40 ‘He shall be with you as a hired man (A HIRED WORKER), as if he were a sojourner; he shall serve with you until the year of jubilee. 41 ‘He shall then go out from you, he and his sons with him, and shall go back to his family, that he may return to the property of his forefathers. 42 ‘For they are My servants whom I brought out from the land of Egypt; they are not to be sold in a slave sale. 43‘ You shall not rule over him with severity, but are to revere your God. Deuteronomy 15:12-18 “If your kinsman, a Hebrew man or woman, is sold to you, then he shall serve you six years, but in the seventh year you shall set him free. 13 “When you set him free, you shall not send him away empty-handed. 14 “You shall furnish him liberally from your flock and from your threshing floor and from your wine vat; you shall give to him as the LORD your God has blessed you. 15 “You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you; therefore I command you this today. 16 “It shall come about if he says to you, ‘I will not go out from you,’ because he loves you and your household, since he fares well with you; 17 then you shall take an awl and pierce it through his ear into the door, and he shall be your servant forever. Also you shall do likewise to your maidservant. 18 “It shall not seem hard to you when you set him free, for he has given you six years with double the service of a hired man; so the LORD your God will bless you in whatever you do. David
Êxodo 21
Morgan - I will not go out free. . . . Then ..Ex. 21.5, 6. Among the first of the "judgments" following the enunciation of the Ten Words of the Law, were those which regulated slavery. A careful consideration of them will show that they abolished slavery, and substituted for it, covenanted labour. A man might buy a servant, but only for a period of six years' service. In the seventh year he must go out free. No man was allowed to hold men or women as his property in perpetuity. Here, however, was an exception. There were certain circumstances under which one man could become the servant of another for the whole period of his life. That, however, could not be by the compulsion of the master, but by the deliberate choice of the servant. It has been said that no man ought to yield himself up thus to the service of another, that such a choice could only issue in the degradation of life. There is an element of truth in the contention. Some men won't face life. They prefer the ease of service in which there is no necessity for responsibility, to the strenuous activities which freedom ever demands. Such choosing of bondage is always ignoble. It should, however, be carefully noted that this is not the choice here indicated. It is rather that of a yielding to the claims of love. The servant has gained wife and children from his master. His master has earned his love. Rather than go out into personal freedom, he chooses to abide with his loved ones, and to serve a master whom he loves. There is nothing ignoble in such action. Then service becomes noble. There is no higher exercise of freedom than that of choosing to serve in love. Exodus 21:7 "If a man sells his daughter as a female slave, she is not to go free as the male slaves do. NET Exodus 21:7 "If a man sells his daughter as a female servant, she will not go out as the male servants do. NLT Exodus 21:7 "When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she will not be freed at the end of six years as the men are. ESV Exodus 21:7 "When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go out as the male slaves do. LXE Exodus 21:7 And if any one sell his daughter as a domestic, she shall not depart as the maid-servants depart. KJV Exodus 21:7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant, she shall not go out as the menservants do. NIV Exodus 21:7 "If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as menservants do. ASV Exodus 21:7 And if a man sell his daughter to be a maid-servant, she shall not go out as the men-servants do. CSB Exodus 21:7 "When a man sells his daughter as a slave, she is not to leave as the male slaves do. sells: Ne 5:5 to go free: Ex 21:2,3 Exodus 21 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries THE FATE OF A FEMALE SLAVE