Números 12
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Números 12
Guzik - Moses enjoyed remarkable communion with God, and it is worth considering why. Because God needed a man this intimate with Him, to be a vessel of revelation and a proper leader for the nation through this remarkable time of the Exodus; this communion was a gift of the sovereign God to Moses. Because Moses was a humble man; only the humble—those who are genuinely others centered—can be responsible with such communion with God. Because Moses, according to God, is faithful in all My house: His walk of righteousness and purity, demonstrated over forty years in obscure service of God in the smallest things, revealed the faithful heart God saw in Moses. Numbers 12:8 With him I speak mouth to mouth, Even openly, and not in dark sayings, And he beholds the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid To speak against My servant, against Moses?" BGT Numbers 12:8 στόμα κατὰ στόμα λαλήσω αὐτῷ ἐν εἴδει καὶ οὐ δι᾽ αἰνιγμάτων καὶ τὴν δόξαν κυρίου εἶδεν καὶ διὰ τί οὐκ ἐφοβήθητε καταλαλῆσαι κατὰ τοῦ θεράποντός μου Μωυσῆ NET Numbers 12:8 With him I will speak face to face, openly, and not in riddles; and he will see the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?" NLT Numbers 12:8 I speak to him face to face, clearly, and not in riddles! He sees the LORD as he is. So why were you not afraid to criticize my servant Moses?" ESV Numbers 12:8 With him I speak mouth to mouth, clearly, and not in riddles, and he beholds the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?" NIV Numbers 12:8 With him I speak face to face, clearly and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid to speak against my servant Moses?" KJV Numbers 12:8 With him will I speak mouth to mouth, even apparently, and not in dark speeches; and the similitude of the LORD shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? YLT Numbers 12:8 mouth unto mouth I speak with him, and by an appearance, and not in riddles; and the form of Jehovah he beholdeth attentively; and wherefore have ye not been afraid to speak against My servant -- against Moses?' LXE Numbers 12:8 I will speak to him mouth to mouth apparently, and not in dark speeches; and he has seen the glory of the Lord; and why were ye not afraid to speak against my servant Moses? ASV Numbers 12:8 with him will I speak mouth to mouth, even manifestly, and not in dark speeches; and the form of Jehovah shall he behold: wherefore then were ye not afraid to speak against my servant, against Moses? CSB Numbers 12:8 I speak with him directly, openly, and not in riddles; he sees the form of the LORD. So why were you not afraid to speak against My servant Moses?" NKJ Numbers 12:8 I speak with him face to face, Even plainly, and not in dark sayings; And he sees the form of the LORD. Why then were you not afraid To speak against My servant Moses?" mouth: Nu 14:14 Ex 33:11 De 34:10 1Ti 6:16 dark sayings Ps 49:4 Eze 17:2 20:49 Mt 13:35 Joh 15:15 1Co 13:12 the form of the LORD: Ex 24:10,11 Ex 33:19,23 Ex 34:5-7 De 4:15 Isa 40:18 46:5 Joh 1:18 Joh 14:7-10 15:24 2Co 3:18 4:4-6 Col 1:15 Heb 1:3 were you: Ex 34:30 Lu 10:16 1Th 4:8 2Pe 2:10 Jude 1:8 Numbers 12 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Related Passages: Exodus 34:5-7+ The LORD descended in the cloud and stood there with him as he called upon the name of the LORD. 6Then the LORD passed by in front of him and proclaimed, “The LORD, the LORD God, compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in lovingkindness and truth; 7who keeps lovingkindness for thousands, who forgives iniquity, transgression and sin; yet He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished, visiting the iniquity of fathers on the children and on the grandchildren to the third and fourth generation. Deuteronomy 34:10 Since that time no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, MOSES INCREDIBLE INTIMACY WITH YAHWEH Wenham - Whereas ordinary prophets had to be content with receiving God’s word through dreams and visions and in riddles, Moses is in a different class. He is God’s servant entrusted with looking after all his estate, i.e. Israel, and like other men in his position he has immediate access to the owner of the estate (Gen. 24:2; 40:20) (Ibid) With him I speak mouth to mouth, Even openly, and not in dark sayings - Mouth to mouth and face to face (Dt 34:10). God says Moses has direct access to Him and speaks to Him clearly and not in riddles. This stands in contrast to the previous description of prophets who God spoke to in visions and dreams. which are not always clear and often require interpretation. Peter alludes to this writing As to this salvation, the prophets who prophesied of the grace that would come to you made careful searches and inquiries, 11 seeking to know what person or time the Spirit of Christ within them was indicating as He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories to follow. (1 Pe 1:10–11+) Merrill - The phrase “face to face” (cf. Deut. 34:10) is an anthropomorphism meaning that God spoke to Moses without mediation. This is because Moses was faithful in all God’s house (Num. 12:7; cf. Heb. 3:2), a reference to Moses’ faithful performance of his role as covenant mediator between God and Israel. How this was done precisely cannot be determined, but it appears from several passages that Moses actually heard the voice of the Lord and saw His glory (e.g., Ex. 19:16–19; 24:17–18; 34:5–11). (BKC) NIVSB - God’s revelation does not come with equal clarity to his servants. There may be messages of the Lord that a prophet might not fully understand at the time; to him they may be riddles and mysteries. But to Moses God spoke with special clarity, as though “face to face” (see Dt 34:10). Moses converses with Yahweh plainly, without barrier. (Ex 3:1–6; Ex 19:18–25; Ex 24:9–11; Ex 33:9–11; Dt 34:10–12) Wenham - He speaks to God directly mouth to mouth and therefore can interpret God’s will for Israel with total authority. Other men in the Old Testament, e.g. Abraham, Joshua, David and Elijah (Gen. 26:24; Josh. 24:29; 2 Sam. 7:5; 2 Kgs 10:10), are called God’s servants, but only Moses is described as entrusted with all my house. (Ibid) NET Note - The emphasis of the line is clear enough—it begins literally “mouth to mouth” I will speak with him. In human communication this would mean equality of rank, but Moses is certainly not equal in rank with the LORD. And yet God is here stating that Moses has an immediacy and directness with communication with God. It goes beyond the idea of friendship, almost to that of a king’s confidant. And he beholds the form of the LORD - In Exodus 33:19; 23+ Jehovah said, “I Myself will make all My goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the name of the LORD before you; and I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show compassion on whom I will show compassion.” 23 “Then I will take My hand away and you shall see My back, but My face shall not be seen.” Brian Bell has an interesting comment on beholds the form of the LORD - By challenging Moses’ authority, they were really challenging the Lord’s choice & the work He was doing through His servant. He sees the form of the Lord - This was fulfilled on the Mount of the Transfiguration. (ED: THIS FITS WITH THE LXX RENDERING WHICH HAS "GLORY" FOR FORM - MOSES SAW HIS GLORY AT THE TRANSFIGURATION). Prior to that he, and others, saw Jehovah in angelic form. He(Jesus) is the image of the invisible God, Col 1:15+ (see Angel of the LORD) FSB on the form of the LORD - Refers to Moses’ encounters with the visible Yahweh (Ex 19:18–25; Ex 24:9–11; Ex 33:9–11; Dt 34:10–12). The Hebrew phrase used here, temunath yhwh yabbit, has two possible translations: either “he beholds the form of Yahweh” or “he manifests, shines forth the form of Yahweh.” The former emphasizes what Moses sees, the latter emphasizes its transformative power. NET Note - The word “form” (תְּמוּנָה, témunah) means “shape, image, form.” The Greek text took it metaphorically and rendered it “the glory (doxa) of the LORD.” This line expresses even more the uniqueness of Moses. The elders saw God on one special occasion (Exod 24:10), and the people never (Deut 4:12, 15), but Moses has direct and familiar contact with God. Wenham - That is not to say he saw God directly and unveiled. This, apparently, was the privilege that Moses requested when he asked to see God’s ‘face’. On that occasion he had to be content with seeing God’s ‘back’ (Exod. 33:18–23). The word ‘form’ (Hebrew tĕmûnâ) is used of visual representations, pictures or images, of earthly and heavenly beings (Exod. 20:4). Job saw someone’s form, but could not identify the person from it (Job 4:16). Thus, although Moses enjoyed a much closer relationship with God than any ordinary prophet, he saw only God’s form, not the very being of God. (Ibid) Merrill - The “form” refers to a likeness or a representation of the Lord, not the very shape. It is perhaps what is meant by the “back” of the Lord (Ex. 33:23). (BKC) Form (08544) temunah is translated form (7x) and likeness(3x). The first use of temunah is in the Second Commandment from God in which He states "You shall not make for yourself an idol or any likeness" (Ex 20:4) Moses did behold "the form of the LORD" (Nu 12:8) where temunah is translated in the Lxx with doxa which is a manifestation of light (radiance, brightness, splendor), a manifestation of God's excellent power (glory, majesty) which would parallel the description in Ex 33:22 where God promises "My glory (Heb = kabod; Lxx = doxa) is passing by." From this the "form" that Moses saw in Nu 12:8 is more accurately described as a manifestation of God's glory. Why then were you not afraid To speak against My servant, against Moses? - Obviously they were not. They forgot that Moses was the one who had manifested the glory on his face (see Ex 34:29-30+), etc, etc. Somehow they lost their fear of the Lord which is the beginning of wisdom and did something very unwise. Gaebelein - It is a serious thing to speak against any servant of God. The Lord will always guard those who serve Him and vindicate their character. Believer's Study Bible - The point is that God spoke to Moses directly, person to person, without any intervention or mediation such as visions or dreams. The term "form" (temunah, Heb.) refers to a visual representation of some kind -- i.e., Moses was unique in that he saw the representation of Yahweh as they spoke (cf. Ex. 33:11, note). F B
Números 12
Guzik - This was the first word spoken by Moses in this chapter. He had not spoken the entire time he was accused, leaving it up to God to answer his critics.. When a leader perceives accusations are petty, false, or self-motivated, the right thing to do is to ignore them, leave them up to God, and keep busy with what the LORD has called the leader to do—even as Jesus was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth. (Isaiah 53:7) Jensen - He addressed God here as El, the God of creation, for the appeal was for a creative act which only the God of creation could perform, making living flesh out of that which was dead. Wenham - In final clinching proof of Moses’ special relationship to God, his prayer for his sister’s healing is immediately answered. Brian Bell - In his meekness, Moses did not rejoice at his sister’s punishment; instead, he prayed for her. You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you & persecute you Numbers 12:14 But the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face, would she not bear her shame for seven days? Let her be shut up for seven days outside the camp, and afterward she may be received again." BGT Numbers 12:14 καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν εἰ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς πτύων ἐνέπτυσεν εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς οὐκ ἐντραπήσεται ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἀφορισθήτω ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεται NET Numbers 12:14 The LORD said to Moses, "If her father had only spit in her face, would she not have been disgraced for seven days? Shut her out from the camp seven days, and afterward she can be brought back in again." NLT Numbers 12:14 But the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had done nothing more than spit in her face, wouldn't she be defiled for seven days? So keep her outside the camp for seven days, and after that she may be accepted back." ESV Numbers 12:14 But the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be shamed seven days? Let her be shut outside the camp seven days, and after that she may be brought in again." NIV Numbers 12:14 The LORD replied to Moses, "If her father had spit in her face, would she not have been in disgrace for seven days? Confine her outside the camp for seven days; after that she can be brought back." KJV Numbers 12:14 And the LORD said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut out from the camp seven days, and after that let her be received in again. YLT Numbers 12:14 And Jehovah saith unto Moses, 'And her father had but spat in her face -- is she not ashamed seven days? she is shut out seven days at the outside of the camp, and afterwards she is gathered.' LXE Numbers 12:14 And the Lord said to Moses, If her father had only spit in her face, would she not be ashamed seven days? let her be set apart seven days without the camp, and afterwards she shall come in. ASV Numbers 12:14 And Jehovah said unto Moses, If her father had but spit in her face, should she not be ashamed seven days? let her be shut up without the camp seven days, and after that she shall be brought in again. CSB Numbers 12:14 The LORD answered Moses, "If her father had merely spit in her face, wouldn't she remain in disgrace for seven days? Let her be confined outside the camp for seven days; after that she may be brought back in." NKJ Numbers 12:14 Then the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face, would she not be shamed seven days? Let her be shut out of the camp seven days, and afterward she may be received again." spit: De 25:9 Job 30:10 Isa 50:6 Mt 26:67 Heb 12:9 let her be: Nu 5:2,3 Lev 13:45,46 14:8 2Ch 26:20,21 Numbers 12 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries But the LORD said to Moses, "If her father had but spit in her face, would she not bear her shame for seven days? - NLT - ""If her father had done nothing more than spit in her face, wouldn't she be defiled for seven days?" Spitting was an act of contempt (Dt 25:9; Isa 50:6) The religious leaders spat in Jesus' face to insult him (Matthew 26:67)! What is the point in this passage? God is saying that Miriam's punishment should at least be equal to what she would have experienced if her father had spit in her face. NIVSB on spit in her face - An act of public rebuke (Dt 25:9) demands a period of public shame. A period of seven days was a standard time for uncleanness occasioned by being in contact with a dead body (Nu 19:11, 14, 16). Let her be shut up for seven days outside the camp, and afterward she may be received again - As noted earlier skin disorders were to be dealt with by putting the afflicted person outside the camp (Nu 5:1-2+) Jensen - Jehovah’s response to Moses’ intercession was one of grace and justice (12:14). Grace, in that He promised healing. Justice, in that the formal legal requirements of a solitary waiting period of seven days outside the camp (Lev. 13–14), symbolizing the awfulness and hideousness of sin, would be fulfilled. Miriam was restored, but not until she paid for the sin of haughtiness and envy by the humiliation of being “shut up without the camp”—she who was a prophetess among the people of the camp!