Isaías 49
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Isaías 49
Guzik - The Lord God extended His help and preservation to the Messiah all through His earthly ministry. Yet if there is any specific time that this promise was fulfilled, it was as Jesus died on the cross and trusted in the promise of resurrection. It is beautiful to imagine Jesus comforting and strengthening His soul with these promises as He anticipated and endured the ordeal of the cross. He could know, based on this promise, that the Lord would hear, help, and preserve Him. Salvation (03444)(yeshua) is from a root in Arabic = "make wide" or "make sufficient' sarar = "narrow," = "be restricted" or "cause distress." The idea of wide connotes freedom from distress and ability to pursue one's objectives. It means to move from distress (enemies, natural catastrophies, plague or famine, sickness) to safety which requires deliverance. Generally deliverance comes from some an outside source. The one who brings deliverance is known as the "savior." Yeshua may be used in everyday life free of theological overtones at a well Moses saved daughters of Reuel (Ex 2:17) but generally has strong religious meaning. And so we read Yahweh wrought deliverance - God of our salvation Ps 68:19-20. Yeshua can also describe salvation through human agents empowered by God. While the NT idea of salvation is primarily forgiveness of sin, deliverance from sin's power and defeat of Satan, the OT only begins to point in this direction. And so in the OT the majority of references to salvation speak of Yahweh granting deliverance from real enemies and out of real catastrophies. Yeshuah - 77v - note frequency in Isaiah 40-66. Gen. 49:18; Exod. 14:13; Exod. 15:2; Deut. 32:15; 1 Sam. 2:1; 1 Sam. 14:45; 2 Sam. 10:11; 2 Sam. 22:51; 1 Chr. 16:23; 2 Chr. 20:17; Job 13:16; Job 30:15; Ps. 3:2; Ps. 3:8; Ps. 9:14; Ps. 13:5; Ps. 14:7; Ps. 18:50; Ps. 20:5; Ps. 21:1; Ps. 21:5; Ps. 22:1; Ps. 28:8; Ps. 35:3; Ps. 35:9; Ps. 42:5; Ps. 42:11; Ps. 43:5; Ps. 44:4; Ps. 53:6; Ps. 62:1; Ps. 62:2; Ps. 62:6; Ps. 67:2; Ps. 68:19; Ps. 69:29; Ps. 70:4; Ps. 74:12; Ps. 78:22; Ps. 80:2; Ps. 88:1; Ps. 89:26; Ps. 91:16; Ps. 96:2; Ps. 98:2; Ps. 98:3; Ps. 106:4; Ps. 116:13; Ps. 118:14; Ps. 118:15; Ps. 118:21; Ps. 119:123; Ps. 119:155; Ps. 119:166; Ps. 119:174; Ps. 140:7; Ps. 149:4; Isa. 12:2; Isa. 12:3; Isa. 25:9; Isa. 26:1; Isa. 26:18; Isa. 33:2; Isa. 33:6; Isa. 49:6; Isa. 49:8; Isa. 51:6; Isa. 51:8; Isa. 52:7; Isa. 52:10; Isa. 56:1; Isa. 59:11; Isa. 59:17; Isa. 60:18; Isa. 62:1; Jon. 2:9; Hab. 3:8 And I will keep You - Keep means to protect, guard, watch over. Gary Smith proposes that "God will guard (PROTECT) the Servant through the dark days and then in the time of salvation God will make him to be a "covenant of the people" (bĕrît ʿam), as in Isa 42:6." (New American Commentary – Isaiah) Smith does not explain what he things the dark days represent, but one might suggest they were the days leading up and including His crucifixion, for it was their that He in fact "cut covenant" and inaugurated the New Covenant in His blood. And give You for a covenant of the people - (cf God's promise to Messiah - "I will appoint You as a covenant to the people." Isa 42:6) NLT paraphrases it "give you to the people as my covenant with them." Messiah, the Servant, is a covenant of the people in the sense that He personifies and provides the blessings of salvation to the believing remnant of Israel. Covenant (01285)(berit/berith/beriyth) is it he most solemn and binding agreement known in the ancient world and was usually sealed by walking between pieces of a slain animal to symbolize that the same thing (death) would happen to the two parties that entered the covenant. A few commentators think this refers to the Abrahamic Covenant because of the mention of the restoration of the land as was promised to Abrahamic, Isaac and Jacob in that covenant. However, it may also allude to the New Covenant which like the Abrahamic Covenant also had to be entered into by grace through faith. And as noted below the New Covenant (like the Abrahamic) was initially given to the nation of Israel (but of course would be applicable to the Gentiles, to all who would enter it by grace through faith). Jesus is the Mediator of a better covenant than the Old Covenant. This New Covenant is promised to Israel (Note: both houses of the Chosen People) in Jeremiah “Behold, days are coming,” declares the LORD, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant which I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them,” declares the LORD. 33 “But this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the LORD, “I will put My law within them and on their heart I will write it; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. 34 “They will not teach again, each man his neighbor and each man his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ for they will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them,” declares the LORD, “for I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.” (Jer 31:31–34+). Comment - This New Covenant to houses of Israel and Judah will not be fulfilled until the One Who was appointed a covenant to the people returns, Paul explaining that “THE DELIVERER WILL COME FROM ZION, HE WILL REMOVE UNGODLINESS FROM JACOB.” 27“THIS IS MY COVENANT WITH THEM (NATION OF ISRAEL), WHEN I TAKE AWAY THEIR SINS.” (Ro 11:26-27+).
Isaías 49
Guzik - Jesus, the Messiah, doesn’t merely bring a covenant; He is a covenant to the people. Oswalt on the Servant (Messiah) made a covenant to the people - Somehow the Servant in himself will be the embodiment of God’s covenant with his people. If the author does not here spell out the details of that embodiment, it is nonetheless clear that this is the Servant’s role....As the embodiment of the covenant, the Servant will do several things: restore the land, apportion desolate heritages, and call forth the prisoners (v. 9). As mentioned above, this is the language of Jubilee. (NICOT-Isaiah) Barnes on the people - The ‘people’ ('am) refers doubtless primarily to the Jews—the better portion of the Israelite people—the true Israel (Romans 2:28,29). (ED: cf other uses of PEOPLE in Isaiah which refer to Israel - Isa 11:10–16; 22:4; 25:8; 44:7; 51:4; 52:9, etc
Isaías 49
Guzik - The Lord’s love and faithfulness for Zion is also shown by His promise for their future. It isn’t just demonstrated by the past and the present, but also by His future plans for them. This promise was partially fulfilled in the return of the exiles from Babylon, but will be ultimately fulfilled in the regathering of Israel in the last days. Why can we be certain that this is not a reference to Judah's return from Babylonian exile? As
Isaías 49
Guzik - Babylon, the mighty empire, had taken Zion captive. But even they shall be taken away. God will shows His strength and love for Zion by giving unto Babylon what Babylon gave unto Zion, even though they thought it unlikely, as shown by the question of Isaiah 49:24. And the prey of the tyrant will be rescued - He is the Savior (Isa 49:26) Who rescues His people. Who is the tyrant? The text does not say. While it could be a general reference to Israel's enemy, another consideration For I will contend (riyb) with the one who contends with you - He is the Mighty One of Jacob (Isa 49:26) and no one can defeat Him, for as He asks (rhetorically) "Who will contend (riyb) with Me?" (Isa 50:8) I agree with Vine who says "The passage again points to the time of Armageddon (Har-Magedon) and the Second Advent." In a parallel prophetic promise which uses the same verb "contend" (riyb) Isaiah records... Thus says your Lord, the LORD, even your God Who CONTENDS for His people, “Behold, I have taken out of your hand the cup of reeling, The chalice of My anger; You will never drink it again. (Isa. 51:22) Comment - This prophecy will not be fulfilled until Messiah returns and saves a believing remnant of Israel. Those are the Jews who will never drink of the chalice of God's anger again because they are safe in Christ by grace through faith. This description of God contending with Israel's enemies is in marked contrast to Isaiah's earlier description of God contending not FOR but WITH the leaders of Israel... "The LORD arises to contend (riyb), And stands to judge the people." (Isa 3:13) Contend (07378)(riyb) means to strive, contend against, dispute, conduct a lawsuit or legal case, make a charge. In the first use Ge 26:20 Moses records "the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with the herdsmen of Isaac." In Isa 50:8 God asks "Who will contend with Me?" Of course no one can successfully contend against God. Contend in Isaiah - Isa. 1:17 ("plead for the widow"); Isa. 3:13; Isa. 27:8; Isa. 45:9; Isa. 49:25; Isa. 50:8; Isa. 51:22; Isa. 57:16. And I will save your sons - He is the Savior (see Isa 49:26), which is the same Hebrew word yasha'. Could there be any greater promise from God? While one might say he is referring primarily to physical deliverance, the context surely speaks of spiritual deliverance (see below). Save (deliver, help) (03467)(yasha') (See also yeshua from which we get our word "Jesus") is an important Hebrew verb which means to help, to save, to deliver. The root in Arabic is "make wide" which underscores the main thought of yasha' as to bring to a place of safety or broad pasture in contrast to a narrow strait which symbolizes distress or danger. May favorite use of yasha is Isaiah 45:22 where God says "Turn to Me and be saved, all the ends of the earth; For I am God, and there is no other." The Spirit of God used this very passage to save the soul of Charles Haddon Spurgeon, the prince of preachers. Save (Yasha') is translated in Isa 49:25 with the Greek verb rhuomai which means to rescue by bringing someone out of sever and acute danger. In the NT God is always the Deliverer and people are the objects of His deliverance (cf Mt 6:13). Rhuomai is used in the Paul's declaration regarding the salvation of Israel writing that "all Israel will be saved; just as it is written, “THE DELIVERER (rhuomai) WILL COME FROM ZION (THE MESSIAH - HIS SECOND COMING WHICH WILL TERMINATE THE GREAT TRIBULATION, THE TIME OF JACOB'S DISTRESS), HE WILL REMOVE UNGODLINESS FROM JACOB.” (Ro 11:26). Isaiah's uses of yasha - Isa. 19:20; Isa. 25:9; Isa. 30:15; Isa. 33:22; Isa. 35:4; Isa. 37:20; Isa. 37:35; Isa. 38:20; Isa. 43:3; Isa. 43:11; Isa. 43:12; Isa. 45:15; Isa. 45:17; Isa. 45:20; Isa. 45:21; Isa. 45:22; Isa. 46:7; Isa. 47:13; Isa. 47:15; Isa. 49:25; Isa. 49:26; Isa. 59:1; Isa. 59:16; Isa. 60:16; Isa. 63:1; Isa. 63:5; Isa. 63:8; Isa. 63:9; Isa. 64:5 Isaiah 49:26 "I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh, And they will become drunk with their own blood as with sweet wine; And all flesh will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior And your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob." I will feed - Isa 9:20 Jdg 7:22 they will become drunk - Rev 14:20 Rev 16:6 Rev 17:6 and all - Isa 41:14-20 45:6 60:16 Ps 9:16 58:10,11 83:18 Eze 39:7 Rev 15:3,4 NET Isaiah 49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine. Then all humankind will recognize that I am the LORD, your deliverer, your protector, the powerful ruler of Jacob." NLT Isaiah 49:26 I will feed your enemies with their own flesh. They will be drunk with rivers of their own blood. All the world will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Israel. " ESV Isaiah 49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh, and they shall be drunk with their own blood as with wine. Then all flesh shall know that I am the LORD your Savior, and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob." CSB Isaiah 49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh, and they will be drunk with their own blood as with sweet wine. Then all flesh will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior, and your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob." NIV Isaiah 49:26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will be drunk on their own blood, as with wine. Then all mankind will know that I, the LORD, am your Savior, your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob." ISRAEL AVENGED GOD EXALTED Oswalt - In no sense is God commanding cannibalism. He is simply saying in the most graphic way that those who violated his people will get their own back. I will feed your oppressors with their own flesh - This is a difficult expression to explain. Your oppressors clearly refers to the Gentiles who have persistently been anti-Semitic. To be fed with one's own flesh could depict a siege or simply depict their death. This would have to precede the institution of the Messianic Kingdom (of peace, etc), and one candidate possibility is the description of John in Revelation 19 when Jesus returns to defeat all Gentile opposition (NOTE REPETITION OF "FLESH" IN JOHN'S DESCRIPTION)... From His (JESUS') mouth comes a sharp sword, so that with it He may strike down the nations, and He will rule them with a rod of iron; and He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty. 16 And on His robe and on His thigh He has a name written, “KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.” 17 Then I saw an angel standing in the sun, and he cried out with a loud voice, saying to all the birds which fly in mid-heaven, “Come, assemble for the great supper of God, 18 so that you may eat the flesh of kings and the flesh of commanders and the flesh of mighty men and the flesh of horses and of those who sit on them and the flesh of all men, both free men and slaves, and small and great.” 19 And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to make war against Him who sat on the horse and against His army. 20 And the beast was seized, and with him the false prophet who performed the signs in his presence, by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image; these two were thrown alive into the lake of fire which burns with brimstone. 21 And the rest were killed with the sword which came from the mouth of Him who sat on the horse, and all the birds were filled with their flesh. (Revelation 19:15-21+). The prophet Zechariah describes a time of incredible bloodshed at the end of this age which will precede the return of the King of kings and includes a description of the Gentile armies fighting one another.... Now this will be the plague with which the LORD will strike all the peoples (GENTILES) who have gone to war against Jerusalem; their flesh will rot while they stand on their feet, and their eyes will rot in their sockets, and their tongue will rot in their mouth. 13 It will come about in that day that a great panic from the LORD will fall on them (GENTILE ARMIES GATHERED AGAINST ISRAEL); and they will seize one another’s hand, and the hand of one will be lifted against the hand of another. 14 Judah also will fight at Jerusalem; and the wealth of all the surrounding nations will be gathered, gold and silver and garments in great abundance. 15 So also like this plague will be the plague on the horse, the mule, the camel, the donkey and all the cattle that will be in those camps. 16 Then it will come about that any who are left of all the nations (GENTILES) that went against Jerusalem will go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to celebrate the Feast of Booths (THESE ARE GENTILES WHO ARE SAVED BY GRACE THROUGH FAITH AND WHO WILL ENTER THE MILLENNIAL KINGDOM). (Zechariah 14:12-17+)
Isaías 49
Guzik - a. Can a woman forget her nursing child: Though bizarre accounts of unspeakable cruelty surface from time to time, everyone knows that a woman will never forget her nursing child. Yet the LORD says, Surely they will forget, yet I will not forget you. The LORD’s affection for His people is greater than the devotion a woman has for her nursing child! b. See, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands: This has obvious and beautiful fulfillment in the nail-scarred hands of Jesus. As Jesus told Thomas in a post-resurrection appearance, look at My hands (John 20:27). When we see the nail-scarred hands of Jesus, we see how He has inscribed us on the palms of His hands. With such love, how could God ever forget His people? c. Your walls are continually before Me: The walls refer to the walls of the city of Jerusalem, which figuratively speak of the health, the strength, the prosperity, and the security of God’s people. God is always mindful of the condition of His people, despite the objections of a doubting Zion. -----------------------