2 Crônicas 15
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
2 Crônicas 15
Guzik writes "The Chronicler recorded these events – not included in the history of King Asa found in 1 Kings – as an encouragement to the returned exiles in his own day. They could believe that if they obeyed God courageously as King Asa did, that God would also gather a faithful remnant to their small number. They could see that courageously obedient believers attract others." Raymond Dillard: The Chronicler’s concern with “all Israel” is one of his most pervasive themes; from the vantage point of the post-exilic community, he has not simply written off the Northern tribes. Here Asa enjoys the loyalty of many Northerners, as had Rehoboam before him (2Ch 11:13–17). The Chronicler speaks of actions in the North on the part of several of the kings of Judah. Asa’s son Jehoshaphat put garrisons in the cities of Ephraim captured by his father (2Ch 17:2) and sent a teaching delegation into the North (2Ch 19:4). Hezekiah invited Israelites from Beersheba to Dan to celebrate the Passover (2Ch 30:5, 11); Josiah’s reform reached into “Ephraim, Manasseh, Simeon, and as far as Naphtali” (2Ch 34:6; cf. 2Ch 34:21, 33). Though there is the steady call for reform in the North and for the recognition of the Jerusalem cult, the Chronicler’s attitude to the North is not one of exclusivism (cf. Ezra 6:17) (See 2 Chronicles, Volume 15 - Page 121) W Gustafson - The name of Simeon here in v. 9 is a little puzzling. Simeon seems to have been included as one of the northern tribes in 1 Kings 11:31. Their territory at the first was to the south of Judah (Josh 19:1–9; 1 Chr 4:24–43). Some of the Simeonites may have been assimilated with Judah, but some of them must have migrated north because in 34:6 they seem to be in the north and here in v. 9 these Simeonites seem to have come from the north. Certainty is not possible at present. (What the Bible Teaches - 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles) Ron Daniel - Defecting From Israel - You may remember that a few chapters ago, we read of a defection from the north, right after the nation split into two. Now, because of King Asa's faithfulness, even more are coming down from Israel. 2Chr. 11:14 For the Levites left their pasture lands and their property and came to Judah and Jerusalem, for Jeroboam and his sons had excluded them from serving as priests to the LORD. 2Chr. 11:16 Those from all the tribes of Israel who set their hearts on seeking the LORD God of Israel followed them to Jerusalem, to sacrifice to the LORD God of their fathers. 2 Chronicles 15:10 So they assembled at Jerusalem in the third month of the fifteenth year of Asa’s reign. the third month: Es 8:9 THE SEEKERS OF YAHWEH ASSEMBLED IN JERUSALEM So they assembled at Jerusalem in the third month (May-June) of the fifteenth year of Asa’s reign - Recall that Judah had been "undisturbed for ten years during his days (2Ch 14:1)." Third month could be either at the Feast of Weeks or Pentecost (Ex 23:14–17; 34:22–24; Lev 23:15–21; Deut 16:9–10, 16) but we cannot be dogmatic. Thompson adds "The Chronicler possibly intended to make a connection with the Feast of Weeks because of the verbal similarity in Hebrew between ‘weeks’ (shabuot) and the verb ‘swear’ (shaba) which is prominent in vv. 14–15.”" 2Ch 15:5 says there was no peace, therefore by implication there must have been a downward drift in devotion to Jehovah after the first 10 years of peace. This was Asa's fifteenth year, somewhere around 895-897 B.C (commentaries vary). Asa and his people entered into a covenant to seek the LORD in accordance with the ancient Deuteronomic Code (2Ch 15:10-15), which called for death by stoning for all practitioners of idolatry (cf. Dt 17:2-7). Assembling at this time of year would indicate this was probably at the time of the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost) (for it was held in the third month Lev 23:15-21) one of the three annual pilgrimage feasts (1Ch 23:31, Lev 23:15-21). THOUGHT - There is an implicit warning here. When we are experiencing a time of peace in our life with no disturbances, we need to be careful not to drift from our devotion to our God, lest He send disturbances to get our attention! Bob Utley "the third month" This would be harvest time. It could relate to (1) the first giving of the Law (cf. Exodus 19-20) or (2) the Feast of Booths (cf. Lev. 23:15-16). This may be where later Judaism associated the Week of Booths with commemorating the giving of the Law. W. Gustafson - This assembly is typical of those of other kings in Chronicles, including David (1 Chr 13:2–5; 15:3; 28:8; 29:1ff), Solomon (2 Chr 1:3; 5:6), Jehoshaphat (2 Chr 20:4–5, 18), Hezekiah (2 Chr 29:28; 30:2, 25), and Josiah (2 Chr 34:30, 32; 35:18). (What the Bible Teaches - 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles) Martin Selman - “This no doubt reflects the importance of the assembly in the period from Ezra and Nehemiah onwards (e.g. Ezra 3:1; 10:12; Neh 8:1ff; Neh 13:1), and witness to the significant role played by the people as in this covenant ceremony (cp. v. 13)” (See 2 Chronicles: An Introduction and Commentary - Page 412) Andrew Hill: The covenant ceremony may have been associated with the Feast of Weeks or Pentecost, as the spring pilgrimage festival would have naturally necessitated the gathering of all Israel in Jerusalem at that time of year (2Ch 15:10). It also appears that the victory over Zerah the Cushite (cf. 2Ch 14:9–15) was incorporated into the festival since some of the animals taken as plunder from that battle are included in the sacrificial offerings to the Lord (2Ch 15:11). (See 1 and 2 Chronicles - Page 16) Ron Daniel - 10-15 A Covenant To Seek The Lord. The Jews have made this covenant before (Exo. 24:7), and will make it again (2Kings 23:1-3). But the Lord doesn't say, "Yeah, right! Heard it all before!" Instead, "He let them find Him" and "gave them rest on every side." Our God is so gracious and patient with us, isn't He? 2 Chronicles 15:11 They sacrificed to the LORD that day 700 oxen and 7,000 sheep from the spoil they had brought. They sacrificed to the LORD: 2Ch 14:13-15 Nu 31:28,29,50 1Sa 15:15,21 1Ch 26:26,27 seven hundred: 2Ch 1:6 7:5 EXTRAVAGANT WORSHIP They sacrificed to the LORD that day 700 oxen and 7,000 sheep from the spoil they had brought - The spoil here refers to the booty taken in 2 Chr. 14:14-15 after the crushing defeat of the Ethiopians (2Ch 14:9-15). THOUGHT- Yahweh owns the cattle on a thousand hills so He does not even need such extravagant (even "costly") worship. And the people responded with open hands. Would you describe your worship (including your annual giving) as extravagant? How many "oxen" and "sheep" did you give God this past year and how many did you keep for yourself? David Guzik - When we recognize that what we have comes from God, it is much easier to give to Him out of what He has given us. A lack of generosity is often rooted in refusing to recognize that God is the ultimate provider and every good and perfect gift comes from Him (James 1:17). Martin Selman - Such assemblies are typical of a number of kings in Chronicles, including David (1 Chronicles 13:2-5; 15:3; 28:8; 29:1ff), Solomon (2 Chronicles 1:3; 5:6), Jehoshaphat (2 Chronicles 20:5, etc.), and especially Hezekiah (e.g. 2 Chronicles 29:23; 29:28; 30:2; 30:25).” (See 2 Chronicles: An Introduction and Commentary - Page 412) 2 Chronicles 15:12 They entered into the covenant to seek the LORD God of their fathers with all their heart and soul; BGT 2 Chronicles 15:12 καὶ διῆλθεν ἐν διαθήκῃ ζητῆσαι κύριον θεὸν τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς LXE 2 Chronicles 15:12 And he entered into a covenant that they should seek the Lord God of their fathers with all their heart and with all their soul. NET 2 Chronicles 15:12 They solemnly agreed to seek the LORD God of their ancestors with their whole heart and being. CSB 2 Chronicles 15:12 Then they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD God of their ancestors with all their mind and all their heart. ESV 2 Chronicles 15:12 And they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD, the God of their fathers, with all their heart and with all their soul, NIV 2 Chronicles 15:12 They entered into a covenant to seek the LORD, the God of their fathers, with all their heart and soul. NLT 2 Chronicles 15:12 Then they entered into a covenant to seek the LORD, the God of their ancestors, with all their heart and soul. they entered: 2Ch 23:16 29:10 34:31,32 De 29:1,12 2Ki 23:3 Ne 9:38 10:29 Jer 50:5 2Co 8:5 seek: 2Ch 15:4 De 4:29 Dt 10:12 1Ki 8:48 Jer 29:12,13 Ac 24:14 Related Passages: 1 Kings 8:48 if they return to You with all their heart and with all their soul in the land of their enemies who have taken them captive, and pray to You toward their land which You have given to their fathers, the city which You have chosen, and the house which I have built for Your name Deuteronomy 6:4-5+ (THE SHEMA) “Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! 5 “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. Deuteronomy 4:29+ (THIS IS A FUTURE PROPHECY BUT IS ALSO TRUE IN PRINCIPLE) “But from there you will seek the LORD your God, and you will find Him if you search for Him with all your heart and all your soul. Deuteronomy 10:12+ “Now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require from you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways and love Him, and to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, Deuteronomy 11:13+ “It shall come about, if you listen obediently to my commandments which I am commanding you today, to love the LORD your God and to serve Him with all your heart and all your soul, Mark 12:30+ AND YOU SHALL LOVE THE LORD YOUR GOD WITH ALL YOUR HEART, AND WITH ALL YOUR SOUL, AND WITH ALL YOUR MIND, AND WITH ALL YOUR STRENGTH.’ Jeremiah 29:13 (PROPHETIC PROMISE TO ISRAEL GIVEN BEFORE THEY WERE TAKEN INTO EXILE IN BABYLON) ‘You will seek Me and find Me when you search for Me with all your heart. Isaiah 55:6 Seek the LORD while He may be found; Call upon Him while He is near. COMMITTED TO COVENANT HEART AND SOUL! They entered into the covenant (berit/berith/beriyth) to seek (darash; Lxx = zeteo) the LORD God of their fathers with all their heart and soul - This covenant was a binding commitment to remain faithful to God. Note the words "THE covenant." In the ancient world, covenant was the most solemn, binding agreement humans could enter into and in context the seriousness of this covenant is shown by invoking the death penalty on those who refused to enter it (2Ch 15:13)! Seeking ultimately would be seen in obedience to Yahweh. (SEE Covenant: Introduction) The phrase all their heart and soul speaks of total commitment and is virtually synonymous with 2Ch 15:7 which says the people "had sworn with their whole heart" clearly alluding to their entering into the covenant. This recalls the newly born nation of Israel out of Egypt making a covenant in Exodus 24:7+ "Then he took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people; and they said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!” ESV Study Note - Effectively a renewal of the Sinai covenant (Exodus 19-20; 24), allowing the people to affirm their total commitment to Yahweh (with all their heart and with all their soul). Covenant renewal in connection with reform is also featured in 2 Chron. 23:16; 29:10; 34:31-32. (Borrow ESV Study Bible) NIV Study Bible (BORROW) on entered into the covenant (berit/berith/beriyth) - A renewal of the covenant made at Sinai, similar to the covenant renewals on the plain of Moab (Dt 29:1), at Mount Ebal (Jos 8:30-35), at Shechem (Jos 24:25) and at Gilgal (1Sa 11:14; see note there). Later the priest Jehoiada (2Ch 23:16), as well as Hezekiah (2Ch 29:10) and Josiah (2Ch 34:31-32), would also lead in renewals of the covenant—events of primary significance in the view of the Chronicler Bob
2 Crônicas 15
Guzik - The idea is that when we draw near to God, He reveals Himself to us. God does not hide Himself from the seeking heart. The converse is also true: if you forsake Him, He will forsake you. Ultimately, God gives us what we want from Him. If He gives the heart that seeks Him more, and He also gives the heart that rejects Him what it desires. Jesus gave the same promise in John 14:21+ declaring "“He who has My commandments and keeps them (OBEDIENCE) is the one who loves Me; and he who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I will love him and will disclose Myself to him.” And again in John 14:23+ Jesus declared "If anyone loves Me, he will keep My word (OBEDIENCE, NOT LIP SERVICE); and My Father will love him, and We will come to him and make Our abode with him." COMMENT - The implication is that one way we seek Him is obeying His commandments which are not burdensome, but are given for our good. As John