1 Reis 2
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
1 Reis 2
Guzik - David vowed that he would not kill the obnoxious rebel Shimei (2 Samuel 16:5-13). It was right for David to keep his vow, but it was also right for him to make sure that Shimei received justice without David breaking his vow. TSK Note - Do not consider him as an innocent man; for, as thou art a wise man, and knowest how to treat such persons, treat him as he deserves; only, as I have sworn to him that I would not put him to death, "bring not his hoar head down to the grave with blood." So Solomon understood David; for, after he had commanded Joab to be slain, in obedience to his father, he sent for Shimei, and knowing he ought to be well watched, he confined him to Jerusalem for the rest of his life: and so it appears David should be understood; for the negative particle {lo,} in the former clause, "hold him not guiltless," should be repeated in the latter clause, though not expressed; instances of which frequently occur in the Hebrew Scriptures. This is the view taken of the subject by Dr. Kennicott, and it seems the best and most correct mode of interpreting the text. Rod Mattoon - Shimei needed to be dealt with for what he did was a capital offense. Exodus 22:28 says "Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people." He would be a continual menace to Solomon and a threat to the peace of his reign. He had the potential to strike at Solomon as he did David, being a Benjamite, and of the tribe of Saul. David instructs Solomon to bring judgment upon Shimei. David may have been superstitious, believing the removal of Shimei's curse required the removal of Shimei. All of these examples teach a basic concept... take care of unfinished business. If you are not saved, then trust Christ as your Savior. If you are not right with God, then get right. If you need to make restitution with someone, then do it. If you need to seek forgiveness or give forgiveness, then do it. You never know when you may be on the borderline between time and eternity. Rich Cathers offers a lesson on David's orders regarding Shimei - Be careful about the promises you make. Confusing forgiveness with enabling. Some look at this as an example of unforgiveness. It could be so, but I have another idea to suggest. God wants us to be people who keep our word. David took his “oath” seriously. Because David had sworn an oath to Shimei, David was obligated to God to never take action against Shimei. It’s one thing to forgive a person. David should have and did forgive Shimei. But David took a further step of making a promise that would keep him from taking any action against Shimei in the future, even if it was necessary. Sometimes people make an “apology” simply for the sake of getting off the hook, while they never change at the core of who they are. They will make no further changes in their life to turn away from future sin. You will find that there are individuals who will consistently hurt others, whether through physical abuse or just being a pest. I’ve seen people who will hurt others, then when confronted, they will ask for forgiveness, then turn around and hurt again. The person who is being hurt is caught in a trap of being asked to forgive, which they feel obligated to do, but then expected to again place themselves into harms way. I think that when a person is a habitual abuser, it is perfectly acceptable to say you forgive them, but keep them at arm’s length until you can see whether or not their “repentance” is sincere. We saw Solomon handle a similar situation a little differently. When Adonijah begged for mercy, Solomon very carefully avoided swearing an oath to Adonijah. (1Ki 1:52) "And Solomon said, If he will show himself a worthy man, there shall not an hair of him fall to the earth: but if wickedness shall be found in him, he shall die." Solomon made his response to Adonijah be conditional on Adonijah’s own actions. If Adonijah continued to behave correctly, then he would live. If he acted in rebellion against Solomon, he would die. I wonder if Solomon didn’t learn from his father’s “mistake”. Just a thought. 1 Kings 2:10 Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David. Then David: 1Ki 1:21 1Ch 29:28 Ac 2:29 13:36 the city: 1Ki 3:1 11:43 2Sa 5:7 1Ch 11:7 Related Passage: 1 Chronicles 29:28+ Then he died in a ripe old age, full of days, riches and honor; and his son Solomon reigned in his place. Acts 13:36+ For David, after he had served the purpose of God in his own generation, fell asleep, and was laid among his fathers and underwent decay; Comment - Served the purpose is the verb hypereteo - the noun is hyperetes about which the TDNT (borrow) says this - "Classical Greek and Hellenism. The term hyperetes first occurs with reference to Hermes, the messenger of the gods. It denotes one who does the will of Zeus and has his authority behind him. Further instances reinforce the sense of one who serves a higher will. This higher will need not be that of the gods; we thus find the term in the military, medical, commercial, or legal sphere, e.g., for medical assistants, or for those who carry out judicial sentences. In religions cultic assistants are described by the term, and in personal relations hyperetes denotes one who unselfishly helps to secure something for a friend. Service that accepts subordination is always at issue, but a measure of power may also be involved in the discharge of the imposed mission or function. The hyperetes differs from a doulos, however, for the hyperetes is free and may claim a due reward for the service rendered. As distinct from diakonos or therapon, hyperetes carries the emphasis of learning what is to be done from the superior, and doing it with no prejudice to personal dignity or worth." Acts 13:22+ “After He had removed him, He raised up David to be their king, concerning whom He also testified and said, ‘I HAVE FOUND DAVID the son of Jesse, A MAN AFTER MY HEART, who will do all My will.’ DAVID FALLS ASLEEP AS HE ENTERS ETERNITY Then David slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David - Sleep of course is a euphemism for death. Alan Redpath - “He was a shepherd, a soldier, an outlaw, a king, a fugitive, a sinner, a saint, a poet… His experiences were the writing of God on his life, making him into a man after God’s own heart.” Adam
1 Reis 2
Guzik - The tomb of David was known in the time of Jesus and the apostles, according to Acts 2:29. Afterwards, the Christian writer Jerome speaks of it being known in his time. What is currently known in Jerusalem as David’s Tomb is almost certainly not the genuine one that was known in ancient times. THOUGHT (from Chuck Swindoll based on Acts 13:36) - "Now, take away the name of David (in Acts 13:36) and put your own name there. "For ________________ (your name), after he/she served the purpose of God in his/her own generation, fell asleep, and was buried and passed away from the face of this earth." Every individual has a purpose for living—every one of us (ED: AND EVERY BELIEVER HAS GOOD WORKS PRE-PREPARED - Eph 2:10+!). Not many have as great a purpose as David, but no one God brings to life on this earth is insignificant. The tragedy of all tragedies is that we should live and die having never found that purpose, that special, God-ordained reason for serving our generation. You have, like no other person on this planet, particular contributions that you are to make to this generation. They may not be as great as your dreams, or they might be far beyond your expectations; but whatever they are, you are to find them and carry them out. Then, when your twilight years come and your life is ended, you can be satisfied that you have served God’s purpose with your life. David’s purpose was to serve as a king and to perpetuate the righteousness of Israel. In 1 Chronicles 28 and 29, we find both the record of the end of his life and his last recorded words. In this closing chapter of his years on earth, David was involved in four activities: he reflected on the temple; he spoke to his son, Solomon; he prayed before the Lord; and then he rejoiced with the assembly. Following these significant activities, Israel’s greatest king died, ending an era. Josephus (Antiquities, 7:15:3) has recorded how David was buried: He was buried by his son Solomon, in Jerusalem, with great magnificence, and with all the other funeral pomp which kings use to be buried with; moreover, he had great and immense wealth buried with him, the vastness of which may be easily conjectured at by what I shall now say; for a thousand and three hundred years afterwards, Hyrcanus the high priest, when he was besieged by Antiochus, that was called the Pious, the son of Demetrius, and was desirous of giving him money to get him to raise the siege, and draw off his army; and having no other method of compassing the money, opened one room of David’s sepulchre, and took out three thousand talents, and gave part of that sum to Antiochus, and by this means caused the siege to be raised, as we have informed the reader elsewhere. Nay, after him, and that many years, Herod the king opened another room, and took away a great deal of money, and yet neither of them came at the coffins of the kings themselves, for their bodies were buried under the earth so artfully, that they did not appear even to those that entered into their monuments; — but so much shall suffice us to have said concerning these matters. Burial in Cities This was a rarity, for the normal custom was to bury the dead outside the cities. It was therefore a mark of high honor to the remains of the departed king that he was buried within the city, the stronghold of Zion, that was named after him. Here, also, Solomon was afterward buried (1 Kings 11:43). Ahaz was likewise buried in the city, though not in the tomb of the kings (2 Chronicles 28:27). His son Hezekiah was buried “on the hill where the tombs of David’s descendants are,” which is rendered in the KJV as: “in the chiefest of the sepulchres of the sons of David” (2 Chronicles 32:33). Manasseh, who succeeded him, and his son Amon, were both buried in Jerusalem, “in the garden of Uzza” (2 Kings 21:18, 26). The location of the tomb (sepulcher, KJV) of David was known in apostolic times (Acts 2:29). The place of his tomb is still pointed out as being on the southern hill of Jerusalem, commonly called Mount Zion, under the Mosque of David. Some believe, however, that “the Tomb of David is several hundred yards east of the traditional locality.” (Borrow Freeman's New Manners and Customs, page 234) Walter Kaiser - Hard Sayings in the Bible - What Does “Gathered to His People” Imply? (What Does “Rested with His Fathers” Imply?) What was the Old Testament saints’ concept of life after death? Did they have a clear belief in life after death? If so, what did it involve? For example, was it a ghostly existence? Did it involve personal, conscious awareness? Did they expect the spirit to be joined with a body? At what point? All of these questions are relevant to understanding this text about Abraham. The expression “to be gathered to one’s people” is similar to another expression, “to go to one’s fathers,” found in Genesis 15:15. The former phrase is found frequently—for example, here in Genesis 25:8, 17; 49:29, 33; Deuteronomy 32:50; and 2 Kings 22:20. Do these phrases simply mean, as many scholars claim, that the Old Testament individual was laid to rest in the family grave? Is it true that there was no thought of an afterlife? By Abraham’s time, the human life span had been so curtailed, due to the physical effects of the Fall, that 175 years was regarded as a “good old age.” What happened after Abraham died? Was he simply buried with his ancestors, end of story? Unfortunately, too many carelessly conclude that this is precisely the case. Actually, the expression “he was gathered to his people” or “he went to his fathers” cannot mean that he was buried with his relatives and ancestors. In Genesis 25:8–9 such an analysis is impossible, because we know that none of Abraham’s kin, except his wife, was buried at the cave of Machpelah. In the Old Testament, those who have already died are regarded as still existing. The event of being “gathered to one’s people” is always distinguished from the act of burial, which is described separately (Gen 25:8–9; 35:29; 49:29, 31, 33). In many cases only one ancestor was in the tomb (1 Kings 11:43; 22:40) or none at all (Deut 31:16; 1 Kings 2:10; 16:28; 2 Kings 21:18), so that being “gathered to one’s people” could not mean being laid in the family sepulcher. Readers of the text should not infer something special from the use of Sheol in some of these texts. In every one of the sixty-five instances of Sheol in the Old Testament, it refers simply to “the grave,” not to the shadowy region of the netherworld. The writer of the book of Hebrews in the New Testament supports the notion that the patriarchs expected an afterlife: All these people [from Abel to Abraham] were still living by faith when they died. They did not receive the things promised; they only saw them and welcomed them from a distance. And they admitted that they were aliens and strangers on earth. People who say such things show that they are looking for a country of their own. If they had been thinking of the country they had left, they would have had opportunity to return. Instead, they were longing for a better country—a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for he has prepared a city for them. (Heb 11:13–16) Here is a clear testimony that through faith these early participants in the promises of God were fully expecting to enjoy life after death. While the full revelation of the life hereafter and the resurrection of the body awaited a later unveiling in the Old and New Testaments, the common assertion that the Old Testament saint knew nothing at all about such a possibility is an error caused by preconceptions. In Genesis 17:8 Abraham was given a promise by God: “The whole land of Canaan, where you are now an alien, I will give as an everlasting possession to you and your descendants after you.” The rabbis reasoned that since Abraham never actually enjoyed the fulfillment of this promise, he would be raised from the dead to possess the land. While this reasoning is curious, it is not all that far off. It is no more fanciful than the reasoning of our Lord in reminding the Sadducees—who did not believe in the resurrection—that the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was not the God of the dead but of the living. Thus the patriarchs were not to be counted out of the hope of resurrection (Mt 22:23–32). The believer’s relationship to God carries with it life in the body now and immortality in the future. If some object that such concepts are too “developed” for the primitive times and minds of Old Testament people, we need only remind each other that life after death was already the overriding passion of the Egyptian culture. It was to be a life of material things, with real bodies, real wine, women and song. That concept had been imaged in the pyramid monuments for a thousand years before Abraham arrived in Egypt. How, then, could the afterlife be an impossible concept for him? Other evidences of the belief of a real life after death are afforded by the stern warnings from Mosaic times about any dabbling in necromancy, the cult of contacting the dead. What harm would there have been in fooling around with something that had no reality? Already in the middle of the second millennium B.C., the Israelites knew the afterlife was real, and thus they were warned not to be involved in any contacting of individuals who had passed beyond this world. Abraham died and was buried. But he also joined a community of believers who had gone on before. No details of the nature of that community are given at this point. But these expressions, “to be gathered to one’s people” and “to go to one’s fathers,” are not a mere euphemism for death without any clear theological import. The evidence argues to the contrary. See also comment on GENESIS 5:23–24; JOB 19:23–27; PSALM 49:12, 20; ECCLESIASTES 3:19–21. David O'Brien - Today's Handbook for Solving Bible Difficulties - What does it mean that David “rested with his fathers” (1 Kings 2:10)? It’s not uncommon for the Old Testament to tell us that one of the kings slept with his fathers or was gathered to his fathers. This is a reference to ancient burial customs. In the days when people were buried in large tombs with niches for several bodies, they were, quite literally, with their ancestors in death. A body was placed in one of the niches in the family tomb, where it lay until time had reduced it to a skeleton. When the niche was needed for another family member, the bones were gathered and buried. Sometimes the bones were placed in a separate chamber within the tomb and sometimes they were interred in the floor. In any case, to be gathered to the fathers was a poetic way of describing what happened to the body after death. QUESTION - How did King David die? | GotQuestions.org ANSWER - King David died of old age at 70. The only malady the Bible mentions regarding David in his old age is the inability to stay warm (1 Kings 1:1). The Bible says he “slept with his fathers and was buried in the city of David” (1 Kings 2:10). On the night before David’s death, the old king gave advice and instruction to his son Solomon, who would succeed him as king over Israel: “‘I am about to go the way of all the earth,’ he said. ‘So be strong, act like a man, and observe what the LORD your God requires: Walk in obedience to him, and keep his decrees and commands, his laws and regulations, as written in the Law of Moses. Do this so that you may prosper in all you do and wherever you go and that the LORD may keep his promise to me: “If your descendants watch how they live, and if they walk faithfully before me with all their heart and soul, you will never fail to have a successor on the throne of Israel”’” (1 Kings 2:2–4). David’s deathbed speech began with positive spiritual counsel but ended with dark warnings. He cautioned Solomon that the Lord’s promise of a continuing dynasty was conditioned on the faithfulness of his descendants. After that, David instructed Solomon to deal with a few items of unfinished business: the murders committed by Joab were to be avenged, the sons of Barzillai were to be repaid for their loyalty, and Shimei was to be punished for cursing David during Absalom’s rebellion. The dying king expressed confidence in his son’s wisdom, trusting that Solomon would know the best way to handle these matters. David’s final words in Scripture are followed by a formal notice of the king’s death and burial, a custom seen regularly in the historical books (1 Kings 2:10–12). The book of 1 Chronicles expands on the end of David’s life: “David son of Jesse was king over all Israel. He ruled over Israel forty years—seven in Hebron and thirty-three in Jerusalem. He died at a good old age, having enjoyed long life, wealth and honor. His son Solomon succeeded him as king” (1 Chronicles 29:26–28). Before he died, King David gave a charge to Solomon, telling his son to “acknowledge the God of your father, and serve Him with wholehearted devotion and with a willing mind, for the LORD searches every heart and understands every desire and every thought. If you seek him, He will be found by you; but if you forsake him, He will reject you forever” (1 Chronicles 28:9). Then David left Solomon with detailed instructions for building the temple in Jerusalem, organizing its priests and Levites, and finishing all the work needing to be done in the Lord’s house of worship (1 Chronicles 28:11–19). 1 Chronicles 28:20–21 records these inspiring and reassuring words of King David as he prepared to hand his throne to Solomon: “Be strong and courageous, and do the work. Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the LORD God, my God, is with you. He will not fail you or forsake you until all the work for the service of the temple of the LORD is finished. The divisions of the priests and Levites are ready for all the work on the temple of God, and every willing person skilled in any craft will help you in all the work. The officials and all the people will obey your every command” (1 Chronicles 28:20–21). God blessed King David with a long and prosperous life. He survived a battle with a giant, multiple attempts by King Saul to murder him, various wars, and a coup led by one of his own sons. In the end, he died of old age. Scripture leaves no doubt that David was of sound mind when he died. Knowing his death was imminent, David was able to give support and guidance to his heir and successor. Despite his many faults, David was admired and respected as a hero by the people of Israel. His dedication to God, loyalty in the face of ill-treatment, courage in war, benevolence in conquest, and faithfulness in friendship were so extraordinary that he would forever be viewed as an ideal king and a man after God’s own heart. 1 Kings 2:11 The days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years he reigned in Hebron and thirty-three years he reigned in Jerusalem. reigned: 2Sa 5:4 1Ch 29:26,27 DAVID'S REIGN AS KING FOR 40 YEARS The days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years he reigned in Hebron and thirty-three years he reigned in Jerusalem 2 Samuel 5:4 says "David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years." So David was about 70 when he died. 1 Kings 2:12 And Solomon sat on the throne of David his father, and his kingdom was firmly established. Solomon: 1Ki 1:46 1Ch 29:23-25 2Ch 1:1 Ps 132:12 his kingdom: 2Sa 7:12,13,29 Ps 72:8-20 89:36,37 Related Passage: 2 Samuel 7:12-16 When your days are complete and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your descendant (SOLOMON) after you, who will come forth from you, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 “He shall build a house for My name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever (THE IS FULFILLED IN THE THRONE OF MESSIAH - SEE BELOW). 14 “I will be a father to him and he will be a son to Me; when he commits iniquity, I will correct him with the rod of men and the strokes of the sons of men, 15 but My lovingkindness shall not depart from him, as I took it away from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 “Your house and your kingdom shall endure before Me forever; your throne shall be established forever.”’ Luke 1:31-33+ “And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall name Him Jesus. 32 “He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High; and the Lord God will give Him the throne of His father David; 33 and He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and His kingdom will have no end.” THE BATON HAS BEEN PASSED And Solomon sat on the throne of David his father, and his kingdom was firmly established - What a throne to sit on! What shoes to fill! But David had given his young, inexperienced son clear directions as to how he should reign. Guzik - This is phrased to show that it was a fulfillment of the promise made to David in 2 Samuel 7:12-16. That promise was ultimately fulfilled in Jesus, the Son of David; but it also had a definite and partial fulfillment in Solomon. G Campbell