Êxodo 25
David Guzik · Citado em PreceptAustin
Êxodo 25
Guzik says "When we become givers we become more like God, who is the greatest giver: For God so loved the world, He gave His only begotten Son (John 3:16)." (Exodus 25)
Êxodo 25
Guzik has an interesting note - In the proportion of the finished tabernacle, the present day value of these materials total more than $13 million (DeWitt). Their combined weight would be almost 19,000 pounds (8,600 kilos). (Exodus 25) Cassuto reminds the reader that God did not need a place to dwell, but the Israelites needed a dwelling place for him, so that they would look to it and be reminded that he was in their midst God's words "I may dwell among them" recall the promise of God in 2 Cor 6:16 Or what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; just as God said, “I WILL DWELL IN THEM AND WALK AMONG THEM; AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD, AND THEY SHALL BE MY PEOPLE. And even more intimate dwelling is described in 1 Cor 6:19-20+ Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit Who is in you, Whom you have from God, and that you are not your own? For you have been bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body. American Tract Society on sanctuary - A holy place devoted to God. It appears to be the name sometimes of the entire temple, Psalm 73.17 ; Hebrews 9.1 ; sometimes of the "Holy place," where the altar on incense, the golden candlestick, and the showbread stood, 2 Chronicles 26:18 Hebrews 9:2 ; and sometimes of the "Holy of Holies," the most secret and retired part of the temple, in which was the ark of the covenant, and where none but the high priest might enter, and he only once a year on the day of solemn expiation. The same name was also given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle set up in the wilderness, Leviticus 4:6 . Sanctuary (holy place) (04720)(miqdash from qadash = to set apart, to separate) describes that which is set apart from all common or secular purposes to some religious use. Specifically it means a holy place or sanctuary. The sanctuary (the tabernacle - Lev 12:4, 21:12 or later the Temple 1Chr 22:19, 2Chr 29:21, Da 11:31) was not just the dwelling place of Jehovah (Ex 25:8, Ps 68:35, His throne = Jer 17:12) but was also the place where atonement for sin was accomplished (Lev 16:33). Therefore the sanctuary was to be revered (Lev 19:30, 26:2) and was not to be profaned (Lev 21:12, 23). Although His sanctuary, the Temple in Jerusalem would be destroyed by the Babylonians (God allowed it, even caused it Ezek 24:21), He promises a future sanctuary in their midst forever, a promise to Israel that has not yet been fulfilled but awaits the triumphal return of the King of the Jews, at which time He will establish His Millennial Kingdom and rule in the sanctuary from Jerusalem (Ezek 37:26-28). In fact, this promise is why there is such emphasis (18 uses of miqdash) in Ezekiel 40-48 which provide a detailed description of the glorious Millennial sanctuary. How tragic it is to take these promises in Ezekiel as allegorical or specifically given to the church and to miss the glorious truth that God is a promise keeping God and even in the midst of wrath He remembers mercy for His chosen (undeserving to be sure) people! Miqdash - holy(1), holy place(2), holy places(1), places(1), sacred part(1), sanctuaries(5), sanctuary(65). Ex 15:17; Ex 25:8; Lev. 12:4; Lev. 16:33; Lev. 19:30; Lev. 20:3; Lev. 21:12; Lev. 21:23; Lev. 26:2; Lev. 26:31; Num. 3:38; Num. 10:21; Num. 18:1; Num. 18:29; Num. 19:20; Jos. 24:26; 1 Chr. 22:19; 1 Chr. 28:10; 2 Chr. 20:8; 2 Chr. 26:18; 2 Chr. 29:21; 2 Chr. 30:8; 2 Chr. 36:17; Neh. 10:39; Ps. 68:35; Ps. 73:17; Ps. 74:7; Ps. 78:69; Ps. 96:6; Isa. 8:14; Isa. 16:12; Isa. 60:13; Isa. 63:18; Jer. 17:12; Jer. 51:51; Lam. 1:10; Lam. 2:7; Lam. 2:20; Ezek. 5:11; Ezek. 7:24; Ezek. 8:6; Ezek. 9:6; Ezek. 11:16; Ezek. 21:2; Ezek. 23:38; Ezek. 23:39; Ezek. 24:21; Ezek. 25:3; Ezek. 28:18; Ezek. 37:26; Ezek. 37:28; Ezek. 43:21; Ezek. 44:1; Ezek. 44:5; Ezek. 44:7; Ezek. 44:8; Ezek. 44:9; Ezek. 44:11; Ezek. 44:15; Ezek. 44:16; Ezek. 45:3; Ezek. 45:4; Ezek. 45:18; Ezek. 47:12; Ezek. 48:8; Ezek. 48:10; Ezek. 48:21; Dan. 8:11; Dan. 9:17; Dan. 11:31; Amos 7:9; Amos 7:13 Dwell (07931)(shakan) to settle down = from which is derived rabbinic word shekinah or shechinah lit, “that which dwells” ~"residence" the light on the mercy-seat which symbolized the Divine presence (Ex 25:8). In order to avoid appearing to localize the Divine Being, wherever God is said to “dwell” in a place, the Targum renders that He “causes His Shekinah to dwell” there. God is the subject of shakan 43 times - . He may dwell on Mount Zion (Psalm 74:2). He dwells among his people (Exodus 25:8). He will dwell in Jerusalem (Zech. 8:3). Baker - First, it simply means to settle down (Ex. 24:16; Num. 24:2; Ps. 102:28[29]). Second, it can mean to lie down or rest. When used this way, it can refer to objects (Num. 9:17; Job 3:5); animals (Isa. 13:21); and people (Jer. 23:6; 33:16). When people are the object of the verb, it means that they are resting in peace and security. Third, it may mean to dwell or abide. Again, this can have several referents such as people (Ps. 37:27; Pr 2:21); the dead (Job 26:5); God (1 Ki. 8:12; Isa. 8:18); or objects such as the Tabernacle (Josh. 22:19). In the intensive form, it means to establish. The word is used in this way in Deuteronomy 12:11 and Psalm 78:60 to describe how God set up a dwelling place for His name, establishing Himself in Israel. Finally, the causative form means to lay, to place, to set (Gen. 3:24; Josh. 18:1); or to cause to dwell (Job 11:14; Ps. 78:55). (Complete Word Study Dictionary – Old Testament) Shakan - 131x in 124v - abide(1), abide*(1), abides(1), camping(1), continue(1), dwell(56), dwellers(1), dwelling(7), dwells(11), dwelt(5), establish(5), inhabitants(1), inhabited(1), lay(1), lie(1), lies down(1), live(9), lived(3), lives(1), living(1), lying down(1), nest(2), pitched(1), remain(1), remained(2), remains(1), rest(1), rested(1), set(1), settle(2), settled(3), settled down(2), stands(1), stationed(1), stay(1), staying(1). Gen. 3:24; Gen. 9:27; Gen. 14:13; Gen. 16:12; Gen. 25:18; Gen. 26:2; Gen. 35:22; Gen. 49:13; Exod. 24:16; Exod. 25:8; Exod. 29:45; Exod. 29:46; Exod. 40:35; Lev. 16:16; Num. 5:3; Num. 9:17; Num. 9:18; Num. 9:22; Num. 10:12; Num. 14:30; Num. 23:9; Num. 24:2; Num. 35:34; Deut. 12:5; Deut. 12:11; Deut. 14:23; Deut. 16:2; Deut. 16:6; Deut. 16:11; Deut. 26:2; Deut. 33:12; Deut. 33:16; Deut. 33:20; Deut. 33:28; Jos. 18:1; Jos. 22:19; Jdg. 5:17; Jdg. 8:11; 2 Sam. 7:10; 1 Ki. 6:13; 1 Ki. 8:12; 1 Chr. 17:9; 1 Chr. 23:25; 2 Chr. 6:1; Neh. 1:9; Job 3:5; Job 4:19; Job 11:14; Job 15:28; Job 18:15; Job 26:5; Job 29:25; Job 30:6; Job 37:8; Job 38:19; Job 39:28; Ps. 7:5; Ps. 15:1; Ps. 16:9; Ps. 37:3; Ps. 37:27; Ps. 37:29; Ps. 55:6; Ps. 65:4; Ps. 68:6; Ps. 68:16; Ps. 68:18; Ps. 69:36; Ps. 74:2; Ps. 78:55; Ps. 78:60; Ps. 85:9; Ps. 94:17; Ps. 102:28; Ps. 104:12; Ps. 120:5; Ps. 120:6; Ps. 135:21; Ps. 139:9; Prov. 1:33; Prov. 2:21; Prov. 7:11; Prov. 8:12; Prov. 10:30; Isa. 8:18; Isa. 13:20; Isa. 13:21; Isa. 18:3; Isa. 26:19; Isa. 32:16; Isa. 33:5; Isa. 33:16; Isa. 34:11; Isa. 34:17; Isa. 57:15; Isa. 65:9; Jer. 7:3; Jer. 7:7; Jer. 7:12; Jer. 17:6; Jer. 23:6; Jer. 25:24; Jer. 33:16; Jer. 46:26; Jer. 48:28; Jer. 49:16; Jer. 49:31; Jer. 50:39; Jer. 51:13; Ezek. 17:23; Ezek. 31:13; Ezek. 32:4; Ezek. 43:7; Ezek. 43:9; Joel 3:17; Joel 3:21; Obad. 1:3; Mic. 4:10; Mic. 7:14; Nah. 3:18; Zech. 2:10; Zech. 2:11; Zech. 8:3; Zech. 8:8 Bush - That I may dwelt among them. Heb. ושכנתי veshakanti, and I will dwell. Gr. οφθησομαι (horao - in passive means to become visible, appear) εν ὑμιν, I will be seen among you. Chal. ‘I will make my Glory to dwell in the midst of them.’ Arab. ‘That I may make my Splendor to inhabit among them.’ The import plainly is, that God would dwell among them by the signal manifestations of his glory in the Shekinah, the visible token of his presence. The original word שכנתי shakanti comes from שכן shakan, to dwell in a tent or tabernacle, and from the same root comes both שכינה shekinah, and the Gr. skenoo, to tabernacle, from which latter is the derivative skene, a tent or tabernacle. The radical consonants (sh)s, k, n, are the same in both languages, to which the vowels are mere factitious append ages. In express allusion therefore to the mode of the divine residence among the Israelites, it is said of Christ, John 1:14+, ‘the Word was made flesh and dwelt (εσκηνωσε tabernacled or shekinized) among us, and we beheld his glory;’ i. e. at the transfiguration, when the cloud or veil of his flesh, by being temporarily rent asunder, disclosed the true inner glory of his Godhead, answering to the luminous cloud of the Shekinah, which is in numerous instances called doxa, glory. In like manner, in allusion to the sensible mode in which God manifested himself to his peculiar people. Christ is said to be ‘the radiance of His glory ,’ Heb. 1:3+, language which goes to identify the person of the Son with the glorious apparition of the Shekinah. The term again occurs in evident allusion to these words of Moses, Rev. 21:3+, ‘ And I heard a loud voice from the throne, saying, “Behold, the tabernacle of God is among men, and He will dwell among them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself will be among them,’ This is the fulfilment of the prediction uttered by Ezekiel 37:26, 27+, ‘And I will set my sanctuary in the midst of them for evermore; my tabernacle also shall be with them; yea, I will be their God, and they shall be my people,’ announcing a period yet future when this earth shall again be distinguished by some visible manifestation of the divine presence under circumstances of far more glory than those in which he appeared of old to the chosen people, and answering the same purpose in respect to the whole human race which the Shekinah of the Tabernacle did in respect to a single nation. (Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Exodus Volume 2) Inner Beauty The tabernacle in the wilderness was a tent where the glory of God dwelt. The structure was made of badger skins and was plain on the outside. But inside it was exquisitely beautiful (Exodus 25–27). We can compare the tabernacle with Jesus’ human form. John said, “the Word became flesh and dwelt among us” (John 1:14). The word dwelt means He “pitched His tent with us,” the same word that ancient Greek versions of the Old Testament used for the tabernacle. Jesus looked like an ordinary man: He had “no beauty that we should desire Him” (Isaiah 53:2). No one gave Him a second look. Yet John “beheld His glory,” the glory of God Himself. Occasionally, the tent flap was lifted and he caught a glimpse of Jesus’ inner beauty and majesty. We are tabernacles too, made of skin, made to contain God’s Spirit. Most of us are very plain, not like the made-up actors we see in the movies or the air-brushed models we view in the ads. But God is even now—at this moment—in the process of making us radiantly beautiful within. We may be very plain and ordinary on the outside—but as we allow God’s Spirit to work within us, the beauty of God’s indwelling presence will shine from our faces. Let the beauty of Jesus be seen in me, All His wonderful passion and purity; O Thou Spirit divine, all my nature refine Till the beauty of Jesus be seen in me. —Orsborn A righteous heart is the fountain of beauty. Exodus 25:9 "According to all that I am going to show you, as the pattern o f the tabernacle and the pattern of all its furniture, just so you shall construct it. pattern of the tabernacle: Ex 25:40 1Ch 28:11-19 Heb 8:5 9:9 Exodus 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Darrel Mitchell's (Assembly of God pastor) 62 page discussion of the significance of the Tabernacle - there is a lot of typology so be an Acts 17:11+ Berean, but overall it seems to be well done (if you disagree send an email). Pattern of the Tabernacle OBEDIENCE NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT THE BUILDING PROJECT According to all that I am going to show you, as the pattern of the tabernacle - Scripture repeatedly alludes to the pattern of the Tabernacle - Ex 25:9,40; Ex 26:30; Ex 27:8; Nu 8:4; Acts 7:44; Heb 8:5. In Ex 35:10-19 the instructions for building the tabernacle are in great detail. The point of this being God's pattern signifies that men are to build this according to God's specifications and not man's imagination. Show you indicates God did not just tell Moses the plans but actually showed them to him. Cole suggests the word pattern here "means almost architect's model." Obedience to God's plan was absolutely essential and this is doubly emphasized by the great detail in the description in Exodus 35-40. This attention to detail would indicate that there is some significance associated with the pattern. As the writer of Hebrews says David saw a pattern for the Temple Then David gave to his son Solomon the plan (tabnith) of the porch of the temple, its buildings, its storehouses, its upper rooms, its inner rooms and the room for the mercy seat; 12 and the plan (tabnith) of all that he had in mind, for the courts of the house of the LORD, and for all the surrounding rooms, for the storehouses of the house of God and for the storehouses of the dedicated things; (1 Chr. 28:11-12) “All this,” said David, “the LORD made me understand in writing by His hand upon me, all the details of this pattern.” (1 Chr 28:19). Comment: NIV has "He gave him the plans of all that the Spirit had put in his mind for the courts of the temple of the LORD and all the surrounding rooms, for the treasuries of the temple of God and for the treasuries for the dedicated things. (1Ch 28:12 NIV)" George Bush comments "David, it seems, was furnished by divine inspiration with a visionary archetype of the Temple which he would have Solomon build to the Lord, and in accordance with this vision he procured a pattern or model to be executed, which should answer the purpose of guiding his son in the construction of the sacred edifice. (Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Exodus Volume 2) A pattern means a design to serve as a model for something else, in this case a copy and shadow of the heavenly things as explained to by the writer of Hebrews... Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “SEE,” He says, “THAT YOU MAKE all things ACCORDING TO THE PATTERN (tupos) WHICH WAS SHOWN YOU ON THE MOUNTAIN.” (Heb 8:5+, see Heb 9:23, 24+) Comment - The verb warned is chrematizo which signifies a divine injunction as in Hebrews 12:25. Shown is deiknumi which means to draw attention to something, to point out, to exhibit something that can be apprehended by one or more of the senses Given the fact that the Tabernacle was a temporary structure F B
Êxodo 25
Guzik has an interesting thought - The tabernacle represented the court of God’s throne, and Revelation 4:5 describes Seven lamps of fire were burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God. The seven lamps represent the presence of the Holy Spirit in heaven. (Exodus 25) Thompson - There would be a lamp on top of each branch totaling six, and then one more at the top of the center beam totaling seven. This lampstand was to burn continually and was to be serviced by the temple priests every morning and every evening (Ex. 27:20-21). and they shall mount its lamps so as to shed light on the space in front of it - In front of it is literally "the face of it." Currid - For the believer today the menorah is an unnecessary object because Jesus proclaimed, ‘I am the light of the world; he who follows me shall not walk in the darkness, but shall have the light of life’ (John 8:12). (Exodus - EPSC) Exodus 25:38 "Its snuffers and their trays shall be of pure gold. snuffers: 2Ch 4:21 Isa 6:6, snuff dishes, Ex 37:23 Nu 4:9 1Ki 7:50 2Ki 12:13 25:14 Jer 52:18 Exodus 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries Its snuffers and their trays shall be of pure gold - "The first word refers to something like small tongs or tweezers used to pull up and trim the wicks; the second word refers to fire-pans or censers." (NET) Exodus 25:39 "It shall be made from a talent of pure gold, with all these utensils. NET Exodus 25:39 About seventy-five pounds of pure gold is to be used for it and for all these utensils. NLT Exodus 25:39 You will need seventy-five pounds of pure gold for the lampstand and its accessories. ESV Exodus 25:39 It shall be made, with all these utensils, out of a talent of pure gold. NIV Exodus 25:39 A talent of pure gold is to be used for the lampstand and all these accessories. talent: Ex 37:24 Zec 5:7 Exodus 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries It shall be made from a talent of pure gold, with all these utensils - Currid explains that "The talent equals three thousand shekels (Ex 38:24–31). Recovered shekel weights from Palestine leave room for conjecture regarding the precise weight of the measure: they weigh anything from eight to twelve grams. In pounds, 3,000 shekels equal anything from 52.8 lbs. to 79.2 lbs. of pure gold." (Exodus - EPSC) Thompson - Now this lampstand has several significant applications: (Application #1) - To have any true light in order to worship God or have a relationship with God, one must be connected to the Trinity. (Application #2) - Jesus Christ is the light of the whole world and without a relationship with Him, no one can worship God (Jn. 1:4, 9; Jn 9:5). (Application #3) - Jesus Christ will give great light to one who follows Him and His Word (Jn. 8:12). (Application #4) - A church has the privilege and responsibility to grow in the light of God’s Word and reflect it and if a church does not do that, God will remove the lampstand and stop it from shining (Rev. 2:1, 5) Exodus 25:40 "See that you make them after the pattern for them, which was shown to you on the mountain. that you make: Ex 26:30 Ex 39:42,43 Nu 8:4 1Ch 28:11,19 Eze 43:11,12 Ac 7:44 Heb 8:5 Exodus 25 Resources - Multiple Sermons and Commentaries TWO COMMANDS GIVEN TO MOSES See that you make them after the pattern for them, which was shown to you on the mountain - These commands are virtually identical to the instructions in Ex 26:30. God is strongly making the point clear that Moses was to construct the tabernacle and the furniture exactly as he had been shown, which implies in some way God has given Moses the architectural plan and plan for the details of the furniture. The writer of Hebrews Hebrews 8:5 says that the earthly priests "who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “SEE,” He says, “THAT YOU MAKE all things ACCORDING TO THE PATTERN WHICH WAS SHOWN YOU ON THE MOUNTAIN.” (Hebrews 8:5) Currid comments - Hebrews 8:5 quotes verse 40 of the present passage. It does so in the context of arguing that the offerings brought to the tabernacle according to the Torah are merely shadows and copies of the heavenly sacrifices. And, furthermore, the tabernacle itself is seen as a mere model of a heavenly tabernacle where Jesus now serves as High Priest. He is there now, having offered his own body as a once-and-for-all sacrifice for his people. The quote from Exodus 25:40 is used to confirm that there is a heavenly sanctuary, and the tabernacle was merely patterned after it. What was given to Moses on Mount Sinai was not merely blueprints for a new structure, but the plans of the tabernacle that already existed in the heavenly realms. (Exodus - EPSC) NET Note - The message of this section surely concerns access to God. To expound this correctly, though, since it is an instruction section for building the lampstand, the message would be: God requires that his people ensure that light will guide the way of access to God. The breakdown for exposition could be the instructions for preparation for light (one lamp, several branches), then instructions for the purpose and maintenance of the lamps, and then the last verse telling the divine source for the instructions. Naturally, the metaphorical value of light will come up in the study, especially from the NT. So in the NT there is the warning that if churches are unfaithful God will remove their lampstand, their ministry (Rev 2–3).